簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)

1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)主謂賓主系表 雙賓語(yǔ) 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(predicate) 定語(yǔ)(attribute) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(complement)S3、考點(diǎn)精講鵬正確的英語(yǔ)句子都要符合一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)要求。英語(yǔ)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型。 英語(yǔ)句子都可以看 作是這五種句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝構(gòu)成的。掌 握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)，也 是學(xué)好其他語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的前提。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)如下： TOC o 1-5 h z r vl.I/賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)jH賓語(yǔ),間）賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)樸足浴Vffl* V.表愿用符號(hào)表示為:S V （主十謂）S V 0 （主十謂十賓）S V 0 0 （主十謂十間

2、賓十直賓）S V O C （主十謂十賓十賓補(bǔ)）S V P （主十系十表） 主語(yǔ)(subject)賓語(yǔ)(object) 狀語(yǔ)(adverbial) 表語(yǔ)(predicative)考點(diǎn)1.基本句型一：S V （主十謂）這類句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是不及物動(dòng)詞，都不帶賓語(yǔ), 但可以帶狀語(yǔ)。如：It is .raining no叫(S V)Wei ve workedon 5 hours. ( S V)The meeting lasted half_an_houir. ( S V )Time flies, ( S V)練習(xí)1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種 基本句型中的哪一種。 TOC o 1-5

3、 h z Dark clouds hung overhead.()Gradually a smile appeared on her face.()He is smiling all over his face.()I did well in English.()He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.() 考點(diǎn)2.基本句型三： S V 0 (主十謂十賓)此結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞(詞組)+賓語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.練習(xí)2.分析下列

4、句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種 基本句型中的哪一種。People all over the world speak English.Jim cannot dress himself.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.He did not know what to say.He just wanted to stay at home.He practices speaking English every day.考點(diǎn)3.基本句型四：SVoO （主十謂十間賓十直賓）有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，如：give “給pass “遞”，brin

5、g 帶show 展示。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人，為間 接賓語(yǔ)；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般位于直接 賓語(yǔ)之前。一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)。如：He gave me a cup of tea. （S V o 0 ）She .bought me some books. （S V o 0 ）若直接賓語(yǔ)為人稱代詞，通常不能放在后面。如：不能說(shuō) Bring me it, please.而要說(shuō) Bring it to me, please.有時(shí)候?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)，把間接賓語(yǔ)放到后面，于是就構(gòu)成了：動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ) +介詞（to或for） +間接賓語(yǔ)。He gave a cup of tea

6、to me.Shebought some books for me.Show this house to Mr. Smith.常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有：間接賓語(yǔ)放后面時(shí)前面要加 to的動(dòng)詞：allow, bring, deny, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write 等。間接賓語(yǔ)放后面時(shí)前面要加for的動(dòng)詞：buy, choose, fetch,get, make, order, paint,

7、 play（演奏），save, sing, spare 等。一般用to多些，用for的記住常用的三個(gè)就行：get, buy, make。He got an English-Chinese Dictionary for me.Shebought a book for John.My uncle made a kite for me.練習(xí)3.分析下列句子成分，口頭說(shuō)出間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓She ordered herself a new dress.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.He brought you a dictionary.He denies

8、 her nothing.I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash.I told him that the bus was late.He showed me how to run the machine.考點(diǎn)4.基本句型五：SVOC (主十謂十賓十賓補(bǔ))有些動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能 表達(dá)完整的意思，賓語(yǔ)后必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分才能使意 思完整。所加的成分就是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。看下面這句話：He asked me to lend him some money.他讓我借給他一些

9、錢。me” 是賓語(yǔ)，to lend him some money” 是賓補(bǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和 賓補(bǔ)合一起意思為“我借給他一些錢”。從意思上看，這像 一句話，“我”是主語(yǔ)，“借給他一些錢”是謂語(yǔ)部分，但在英 語(yǔ)原句中，它們卻不是真正的主謂關(guān)系，而是邏輯上的“主謂關(guān)系”，即：從意思上看像主謂關(guān)系，而實(shí)際上不是。本內(nèi)容摘自高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸，打包下載 HYPERLINK /sZ1dDqbKM9 /sZ1dDqbKM9 HYPERLINK /sZ1sjqtsoX /sZ1sjqtsoX練習(xí)4.判斷下列句中畫線部分是否是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(是的填T,不是的填F)want him to come at once.( ).H

10、e lent me some money.().He made the boy cry again.().The teacher found him cheating in the exam.( ).Don t leave the doorpen at night.( )練習(xí)5.分析下列句子并劃分成分，在后面的括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明是 什么充當(dāng)句子的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 TOC o 1-5 h z They appointed him manager.()They painted the door green.()He pushed the door open.()They found the house des

11、erted.()What makes him think so?()We saw him out.()He asked me to come back soon.()I saw them getting on the bus.(We all think it a pity that she didn (t come here.I ll have my bike repaired.)We elected him monitor.()Don t keep the lights burning.()考點(diǎn)5.基本句型二：SVP (主十系十表)系動(dòng)詞主要是be；但還有一些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞候有時(shí)候也可作系動(dòng)詞，這

12、類系動(dòng)詞有人稱之為半系動(dòng)詞。練習(xí)6.辨別下列斜體動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。The door stays open at night.He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.The book still lies open on the desk.What he said proved true.He can proved his theory(理論).A.常見的系動(dòng)詞i狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表小主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有 be一詞。如：He is a teacher.他是一名教師。ii持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,rem

13、ain, stay, lie, stand。如：He kept silent at the meeting.他開會(huì)時(shí)保持沉默。This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。The food stays fresh in the fridge.食物在冰箱里仍然很新鮮。The house stood empty for years.房子空了 數(shù)年。He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上，醒著。iii表“像”系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示看起來(lái)像”這一概念，主要有 seem, appear,look o 如：Something seemswrong.好像出差錯(cuò)了。He

14、appears young. 他看起來(lái)很年輕。iv感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞主要有100k “看起來(lái)” feel “摸起來(lái):smell 聞起來(lái)，sound 聽起來(lái)；taste 嘗起來(lái)。This kind of cloth feels very soft.這種布手感很軟。This flower smells very sweet.這朵花聞起來(lái)很香。v變化系動(dòng)詞這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣。變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。He became mad after that.自 之后，他瘋了。She grew rich within

15、a short time.她沒(méi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就富了。He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。Eggs go bad easily in summer. 蛋夏天容易變壞。His face went red.他的臉變紅了。What he had dreamt of came true.他的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Still waters run deep靜水流深。vi終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有 prove, turn out,表達(dá)“證 實(shí)”，“變成”之意。如：The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。His plan turned out a success.他的計(jì)劃

16、終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果）What he predicted turned out （to be） wrong.他預(yù)言的結(jié)果是錯(cuò)的。練習(xí)7.用下劃線畫出下列句中的系動(dòng)詞。His advice proved right.The shop stays open till 8 o clock.The machine went wrong.All these efforts seem in vain.These words sound reasonable.The room soon became crowded.The days are getting longer and lon

17、ger.He fell ill yesterday.Trees turn green in spring.What you said sounds great.B.系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，要和表語(yǔ)一起作謂語(yǔ)He is .a student. （S V P ）Your, idea sounds . great. （S V P ）C.在一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單句中，一般情況要有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要注意：介詞短語(yǔ)和形容詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，要和系動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)。改錯(cuò)： Our school very beautiful and we like it very much. Your book on the desk.答案及解析：O

18、ur school is very beautiful and we like it very much.（ 句中 沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）Your book is on the desk.（句中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）考點(diǎn)6. there be 句型此句型是由“there + be +主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成，用以表 達(dá)“存在有。它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，實(shí)義主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be之后，there僅為引導(dǎo)詞（也有看作形式主語(yǔ) 的），并無(wú)實(shí)際意義。be要與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，如果be后實(shí) 義主語(yǔ)是多個(gè)并列項(xiàng)時(shí)，要按就近一致原則，與第一項(xiàng) 保持一致。There is a bird in the tree.（主語(yǔ)a

19、bird是單數(shù)，所以用there is）There are many apples on the tree.（主語(yǔ) many apples是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用 there are）There is a pencil and two rulers on the desk.（第一項(xiàng)是 a pencil,單數(shù)，所以用there is） There are two rulers and a pencil on the desk.（第一項(xiàng)是 two rulers ,復(fù)數(shù)，所以用 there are）可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive 等詞

20、代替be動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)還表示“存在有”，但表意要更具體一些。如：There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.在山腳下住著一位老人。（不但“有”，而且“住”在那里。There exists no air on the moon.月球上沒(méi)有空氣。（exist是“存在”的意思）There lies a book on the desk.課桌上平放著一本書。（不但“有”，而且說(shuō)明書是“平放在那里。）There stands a tree on the hill.山上矗立著一棵樹。（不但說(shuō)明“有”樹，而且說(shuō)明了 “樹”很挺拔J a certain d

21、oubt among the students as to the necessity of the work.A. It existedB. ThereexistedC. They hadD. There had a beautiful palace the foot of the hill.A. There stand; atB. There stands;underC. Stands there; underD. There stands; at答案：B, Dthere seem/ happen/ used to be 及 there live/ lie/ stand 句型 的否定句和疑

22、問(wèn)句的變法。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子：.下周將有兩場(chǎng)會(huì)，不是嗎？There going to be two meetings next week,there?.不會(huì)再有流血沖突，是嗎？There will be no blood,there?.似乎出了問(wèn)題，不是嗎？There seems to be something wrong,there?.似乎有誤解，是嗎？There appeared to be a misunderstanding, there?.碰巧那時(shí)附近有輛公交車。There (happen) to be a bus nearby at that time.過(guò)去這里有條小河，不是嗎

23、？There used to be a river here,there?.過(guò)去這個(gè)森林里生活著一只老虎，不是嗎？There lived a tiger in the forest,there?答案： are; arent wont doesnt didnt happened didn t/usedn didntthere be 與 have 的區(qū)別there be*某地有某物，某時(shí)有某事；have表示“某人擁有某物”。改錯(cuò)：There has a book on the desk.There will have a meeting this evening.答案：把has改為is;把have

24、改為be。提示：沒(méi)有there have這種表示“有的方法?？键c(diǎn)7.雙重謂語(yǔ)(僅供了解)典型例句：He left this morning very gay.She left a shy girl and returned a young mother.分析：雙重謂語(yǔ)的基本形式是：行為動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)，后面的名詞或形容詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)從事該行為時(shí)所處的狀態(tài)。用作雙重謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞多為那些表示位置移動(dòng)變化的行為動(dòng) 詞，如 return, leave, go, come, arrive, start 等。句意為：上午離開時(shí)，他很開心。句意為：她離開時(shí)還是一個(gè)害羞的女孩，回來(lái)時(shí)卻是一位年輕的母親。M綜合應(yīng)用能力提升

25、I.單句改錯(cuò)【2007 遼寧】Three plates were already on the table whenthe man closest to me pointing to one plate and asked me the name of the fish on it.【2005 全國(guó) I For the most part, students working to earnmoney for their own use.【2014 大綱卷】So real friendship should able to stand allsorts of tests.【2008 天津】I f

26、elt sadly. I learnt a lesson from thisexperience.【2013 四川】I m sorry that I am abroad and canyour flowers, so I m writing to you.【2008 安徽】 We thought the biscuits were great. Let got some more, “I said, They cheap and they reallytaste well.(兩處錯(cuò)誤)Others, however, against staying at home.Exams should n

27、either too difficult nor too easy.There are many taxi drivers are women.(可改多處)There has a big tree in front of our school.They often lonely.Eggs go badly easily in summer.II.語(yǔ)法填空(每空至多填三詞)There(exist) many problems with the project.There(be) going to be three meetings tomorrow.The shop stays(open) at

28、 night.My mother bought a birthday cake me.There happened to a bird flying above.There(lie) a swimming pool over there.【2014 湖北】The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. There(stand) many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.III.寫作技能提升A.不要忘了使用系動(dòng)詞。.那食物很可口，我吃了很多。 (the food, deli

29、cious ).那個(gè)電影好極了。(the movie, fantastic).不過(guò)呢，一些人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(however, against, theplan).他們的意見如下。(their opinion, as follows ).就我而言，我贊成這個(gè)主意。(as far as I m concerned, in favor of)B.活用雙賓語(yǔ)句式，用兩種方法翻譯下列句子。.他給我提了一些建議。(offer, some advice).我欠他很多錢。(owe).在我生日那天，母親給我買了一件很特別的禮物。(buy,a special giftQQ329950885 ).他給我做了一個(gè)紙飛

30、機(jī)。(make, paper plane).他給我們讀了一個(gè)有趣的故事。(read, an interestingstory).他的叔叔留給他很多錢。(leave, a lot of money).他讓我們看了一張世界地圖。(show).請(qǐng)把熊貓的照片寄給我一張。(send, a photo of thepanda)t sendC.正確利用兩個(gè)有there be與haves 33.我有許多好朋友。34.今天晚上將有一場(chǎng)電影。37. 一條狗有四條腿和一條尾巴.公園內(nèi)有許多人。.樹上有許多小鳥。答案高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸2016簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種 基

31、本句型中的哪一種。Dark clouds hung overhead.(SV)Gradually, a smile appeared on herface. (SV)He is smiling all over his face. (SV)I_ did welljn English. (SV)He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. (SV)練習(xí)2.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種 基本句型中的哪一種。People all over the world speak English. (SVO)Jim cannot dress hims

32、elf. (SVO)All of us, believe that Jack is an honest boy. (SVO)He did not know what to say. (SVO)He just wanted to stay at home. (SVO)He practices speaking English every. day. (SVO)練習(xí)3.分析下列句子成分，口頭說(shuō)出間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)。QQ329950885She ordered herself a new dress. (SvoO)She cooked her husband a delicious meal. (S

33、voO)He brought you a dictionary. (SvoO)He denies her nothing. (SvoO)I_ showed him my pictures. (SvoO)I. gave my car a wash. (SvoO)I_ told him that the bus was late. (SvoO)He showed me how to run the machine. (SvoO)練習(xí)4.判斷下列句中畫線部分是否是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T練習(xí)5.分析下列句子并劃分成分，在后面的括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明是 什么充當(dāng)句子的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Th

34、ey appointed hjm manager (名詞)They painted. the door green.(形容詞)He pushed the door open.(形容詞)They found the house deserted (形容詞)What makes him .thinkso?(省略 to 的不定式)We saw him out.(副詞)He asked me to, come, .back, soon.(動(dòng)詞不定式)8.1 saw them geting, onthebus （現(xiàn)在分詞 ）We all think i a pity that she didn cdme

35、 here.（名詞）Ill have my bike.repaired.（過(guò)去分詞 ）We elected him monitor.（名詞 ）Don，, keep the lights burning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）練習(xí)6.辨別下列斜體動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。1.系動(dòng)詞2.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞；連系動(dòng)詞3.連系動(dòng)詞4.連系動(dòng)詞5.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞練習(xí)7.用下劃線畫出下列句中的系動(dòng)詞。His advice proved right.The shop stays open till 8 o clock.The machine went wrong.All these efforts seem in vain.Thes

36、e words sound reasonable.The room soon became crowded.The days are getting longer and longer.He fell ill yesterday.Trees turn green in spring.What you said sounds great.y綜合提升pointing 改為 pointed; closest to me 是形容詞短語(yǔ)作 the man的后置定語(yǔ)，pointed在這里是謂語(yǔ)。working改為work ； work是謂語(yǔ)，后面是目的狀語(yǔ)。在able前加be； should后跟動(dòng)詞原形，而 able是形容 詞，需要和be連用。sadly改為sad； feel是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。you改為your； you 你ypur 你的send后跟雙賓語(yǔ)。got改為get,這里是省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)；well改 為good, taste這里是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。aga