高中英語 高三2022屆術(shù)科生語法基礎(chǔ)課名詞 課件

1、深圳市教育科學(xué)研究院 2022 年3月深圳教育云資源平臺深圳市教育科學(xué)研究院 2022 年3月2022屆術(shù)科生英語復(fù)習(xí)課名詞(Nouns)授課者：艾芬/深圳市華中師范大學(xué)龍崗附屬中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)01正確掌握可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別，名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化、派生名詞的特點。02運用名詞的基本規(guī)則解決學(xué)習(xí)難題。03自行總結(jié)名詞的運用規(guī)則。學(xué)完本課，你可以：CORONAVIRUS冠狀病毒？virus是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)？virus 單數(shù)形式viruses 復(fù)數(shù)形式，多種病毒其他情況用單數(shù)。和fish用法相同。 Last week, The Shenzhen Health Commission

2、said that everybody should take a necleic acid test(核酸檢測） for novel coronavirus(新型冠狀病毒).Lets go! In front of me, man and woman are waiting in line.Which one is right? In front of me, a man and a woman are waiting in line.Tips1: 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(S.N)用不定冠詞a/an，代詞my/his/her/their/your，數(shù)詞one等修飾，不可單獨使用。一個老師 a teac

3、her 我的媽媽 my mother 一個學(xué)生 one studentScene1In an universtiy, we have waited for an hour.In a universtiy, we have waited for a hour.In a universtiy, we have waited for an hour.Tips2: 判斷用a還是an，要看名詞首字母的發(fā)音。a加在以輔音音素開頭的名詞前。 一個電腦a computer kmpjutr 一件制服a uniform junfrm an加在以元音音素開頭的名詞前。 一個橘子an orange rnd 一個小時a

4、n hour arWhich one is right?Scene2元音字母a,e,i,o，u中，a，e,i,o開頭的單詞用an修飾，u ju: 是例外。以u開頭的單詞，發(fā)/Ju:/用a修飾;發(fā)/用an修飾Exercise 1一個蘋果_ apple 一個耳朵_ ear一英尺土地_ inch of land 一個海洋_ ocean一把傘_ umbrella mbrel一個獨特的花瓶_ unique junik vase 一個有用的電腦_ useful jusfl computer一個丈夫_ husband hzbnd 一個英雄_ herohro 一個小時_ hour ar 一個誠實的女孩_ ho

5、nest nst girlananananaanaaaanan21個輔音字母中，h是特例A bottles of disinfectants is placed in a desk. A bottle of disinfectant is placed in a desk.Tips3: 不可數(shù)名詞(UN )表數(shù)量用“數(shù)詞+單位名詞+of”用much，a lot of，a little，little，some，plenty of，a great deal of修飾。 eg:一條建議/信息 一些建議/信息 a piece of advice/inormation some advice/infor

6、mation 取得一些進步 make much progress A bottle of disinfectants is placed in a desk.消毒液兩條建議 two pieces of advicemake a progressWhich one is right?Scene3抽象名詞具體化 What a surprise!Some volunteers are checking the health QR code.Some volunteer are checking the health QR code. Do you know the plural forms(復(fù)數(shù)形式

7、) of the noun?Which one is right?Scene4 Three_(doctor) wear_(mask).Can you describe the scene? Their _(watch) are in three _(box).Think and summarizeTips5: 復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾，詞尾加-es.eg: 灌木 bush 大眾mass 狐貍fox 英寸inchTips4: 一般復(fù)數(shù)名詞在名詞后加s.doctorsmaskswatchesboxesbushesmassesfoxesinches特例：monarchs(君主) stomac

8、hs(胃) A doctor hold two_(knife) in the operation room.Can you describe the scene? There are some _(piano)for nurses to play. They are _(hero) for us.Tips5: 以f或fe結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v，再加-es.改錯：It was autumn and the leaf were yellow. 特例：roofroofs屋頂 beliefbeliefs信仰 chefchefs廚師 proofproofs證據(jù)Tips7:以o結(jié)尾,有生命加es,無生命加s

9、.eg: 土豆 potato 照片photo特例： volcanoes(火山) , echoes(回聲), mosquitos(蚊子) knivesthe leaves were yellow. pianosheroespotatoesphotos With all kinds of appropriate _(policy), _(boy) and girls are saved from death.Tips8:輔音+y結(jié)尾，改y為i,再加es. eg: 蒼蠅 fly-flies 元音+y結(jié)尾，直接加s. eg: 人 guy-guys Tips9: man/woman修飾名詞，雙方都變復(fù)數(shù)

10、。Attention：girl/boy修飾名詞，只將名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。eg: 男生志愿者們 boy volunteers 對比：men volunteers 女生舞者 girl dancers 對比:women dancersCan you describe the scene?policiesboysThey are grateful for the three _ _(man doctor) and several _ _(woman nurse).men doctorswomen nurses We _(grown-up) are moved by the music the nurse

11、 played. These _(son-in-law) rise to applaud their_(father-in-law) for what they do. Tips10: 一些合成名詞中有中心詞，s加在中心詞上；無中心詞，s加在合成詞后面。一些?？嫉暮铣稍~: 過路者passers-by 旁觀者 standers-by/lookers-on 成年人 grown-upsgrown-upssons-in-lawCan you describe the scene?fathers-in-law During the outbreak of COVID-19, We chinese are

12、 protected well by a group of lovely people.chinese/chinesespeople/peoples.Tips11: Chinese為單復(fù)數(shù)同行的名詞， people為復(fù)數(shù)名詞。常用的復(fù)數(shù)名詞還有： police(警察)，cattle(牛群)常見的單復(fù)數(shù)同行的名詞還有：Japanese，Swiss（瑞士人）， Vietnamese(越南人)Can you describe the scene?Can you describe the scene?Why are they called the lovely people?Because of th

13、eir _(devote) and _(selfless) to work. devotionselflessnessTips12: 一些名詞以-ion/-ness/-ment/-or/-er/ - ian/ -ist/-cy等結(jié)尾。 eg: existexistence存在What should we do?1. 戴口罩 wear_(mask)2. 勤洗手 wash your_(hand)3. 常通風(fēng) open your_(window)4. 勤消毒 Frequent _(disinfection)5. 不聚集 Dont go to crowded_(place)6. 多喝水 drink m

14、uch_(water)maskshandswindowsdisinfectionplaceswaterConsolidation1: Practice makes perfect! 1Cows have four _.What about _ and _？ Astomaches；mosquitos；monkeys Bstomachs；mosquitoes；monkeiesCstomachs；mosquitos；monkeys Dstomaches；mosquitoes；monkeies2He found a lot of _ were_.Apassersby； grownups Bpasser

15、bys； grownsupCpasserbys； grownups Dpassersby； grownsup3Two _teachers and four _students were praised at the meeting yesterdayAwomen； girl Bwoman； girlCwoman； girlsDwomen； girls4The students at colleges or universities are making _ for the coming new yearAmany preparations Bmuch preparationCpreparati

16、onDpreparations5I want some _ and _ in my roomAshelves； sofas Bshelfes； plantsCphotoes； shelvesDfurnitures； shelves6There were three _ eggs in the basketAdozenBdozensCdozens ofDdozened of7Were glad that the party turns out _ASuccess Ba successCto be succeedDsuccessful one8Hey， you cant enter Ladys R

17、oom. You two are _ .Aman workersBman worker Cmen workersDmen worker9It is that the industrial cities of the nineteenth century in England do not attract visitors.Aa pityBthe pityCpity DpitiesCAADACBCA10. （2021年新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny w

18、e _57_ (human) are.11. （2021年全國甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and _49_ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.12. （2021年全國乙卷）It often provides money for conservation and benefits the _62_(devel

19、op)of the local areas. 13. （2021年6月浙江卷） Charles Dresser performed their _38_ （marry）ceremony in 1842.14. (2020年，新高考全國卷) Historical 19. _(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.15. (2020年，全國卷I) The far side of the moon is of particular 24._ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of

20、deep craters (環(huán)形山)Consolidation2: Practice makes perfect!humanswatchtowersdevelopmentmarriageaccuracyinterestCan you make a summary by yourself?名詞單復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞：（特征）可數(shù)名詞:（單數(shù)）無復(fù)數(shù)；不可用a/an修飾名詞；表具體數(shù)量用“數(shù)詞+單位名詞+of”eg: a piece of furniture two cups of tea表大概的量用much，a lot of，a little，little，some，plenty of，a great

21、 deal ofeg: some advice/ a great deal of water抽象名詞具體化eg: in surprise what a surprise!一般名詞前加不定冠詞a/an，代詞my/his/her/their，數(shù)詞one等，不可單獨使用。eg: a desk my computer three desks 注意：a加在以輔音音素開頭的名詞前，如a computer（一臺電腦）。an加在以元音音素開頭的名詞前，如an orange（一個橘子）。 判斷用a還是an，要看名詞首字母的發(fā)音。如a university/uniform, an hourSummary1.一般情

22、況下，詞尾加-s。 bedbeds床 pagepages頁2.以s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾，詞尾加-es。 boxboxes盒子 watchwatches手表3.以f或fe結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v，再加-es。 leafleaves樹葉 knifeknives刀子 特例： roofroofs屋頂 beliefbeliefs信仰 chefchefs廚師 proofproofs證據(jù) 名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 可數(shù):單復(fù)規(guī)則變化4.以o結(jié)尾有生命，加s: kangaroos, bamboos, zoos, photos, pianos, studios無生命，加es: volcanoes, heroes, potatoe

23、s, tomatoes名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 可數(shù):單復(fù)規(guī)則變化5.以y結(jié)尾輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,y ies：strategystrategies, policypolicies元音字母+y結(jié)尾,y s：boyboys, guyguys,donkeydonkeys6.合成名稱有中心詞，s加在中心詞上 father-in-lawfathers-in-law son-in-lawsons-in-law無中心詞，s放在名詞后 grown-upgrowns-up looker-onlookers-on“man/woman+中心詞”變復(fù)數(shù)時，作定語的man/woman和中心詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)。 woman techerwomen techers man managermen managers名詞單復(fù)數(shù)元音變化：toothteeth牙齒 manmen男人詞尾變化：oxoxen牛 childchildren孩子單復(fù)數(shù)同形：deer,sheep,means,series, works (由名詞前的修飾詞決定單復(fù)數(shù))eg: All the means have been tried. Every mean has been tried.復(fù)數(shù)名詞：clothes衣服 cattle牛群 people人們某國人（提示：表示“某國人”的名詞