大學(xué)英語教案 Unit22

1、Unit 2 Section AEnvironmental Protection throughout the WorldI.Background information1.Ecology(生態(tài)學(xué))Ecology is the study of the relationship among plants, animals, people, and their environment, and the balance among these relationships, In order to preserve the ecosystem there are some conservation

2、projects to prevent exploitation, pollution, destruction, and to ensure the future use of the resource.2.New England(新西蘭) New England is the most northeastern region of the U, including the states of Connectict (康涅狄格州), Maine (緬因州), Massachusetts (馬薩諸塞州), New Hampshire (新罕布什爾州), Rhode Island (羅德島州)

3、and Vermont (佛蒙特州). It was so named by John Smith when he explored it in 1616. A New England have many identities. Its the arty and culturally rejuvenated city if Providence. Its the serenity (靜謐) of the Caps Cod Nation Seashore. Its the skyscraping granite (花崗巖)peas of New Hampshires White Mountain

4、s. Its the booming biotech word of Boston. Its the jagged rocky (多巖的) coast of Andrew Wyeths Maine.3. Islam (伊斯蘭教) The religion of Islam is the acceptance of and obedience to the teachings of God which He revealed to His last prophet, Muhammad as preserved in the Koran (可蘭經(jīng)and the Sunna (伊斯蘭教規(guī)). It

5、is centered in Mecca (麥加)， and include the worship of gods represented by holy stones called the Kaaba (建于麥加的伊斯蘭教寺院內(nèi)的圣堂).4. Mecca or Makkah(麥加) With a population of 200 000, Mecca is the chief holy city of Islam, capital of the Hejaz (漢志省，沙特阿拉伯省名)，Saudi Arabia, in a valley surrounded by hills, 80 km

6、. from the Red Sea. It was the birthplace of Muhammad. Its economy depends upon pilgrims(朝圣者).5. Grand Banks Grand Banks is a vast extension of the ocean off southeast Newfoundland(紐芬蘭島) in the North Atlantic, one of the worlds greatest cod-fishing grounds. Visit the website http:/www.chebucto.ns.ca

7、/Heritage/NGB/ to learn more about Canadas fishing industry.6. Environmental protection: Environment means the land, water, and air we live by. Environment is the earth, which is the only planet and home for human race. None of us would doubt we will never survive unless we live in harmony with natu

8、re. We are merely a small part of nature. However, driven by the idea of “Man can conquer nature”(人定勝天), we have been acting like a master of nature though well never be, thus doing whatever we want for thousands of years. Bitter lessons from the history teach us that we are just a common member of

9、the big family of nature and any bad treatment of nature will meet only with the revenge from her.Aware of our actual position in nature, we have to understand environment in a new light that we protect ourselves through protecting the environment. We can find no better examples than the rainforest

10、as we see from the video. The rainforest, abundant with plants and wild animals, helps to maintain the earths ecological balance as green mantles (綠色斗篷) and oxygen bars (氧吧). Once such ecosystem is ruined, the wildlife, together with mankind, will stand no chance to survive on this planet. Thus whil

11、e seeking to develop our economy, we should never neglect environmental protection. In fact, protecting the environment should be a top priority.II. Text Analysis The writer of this article lists a few examples of countries undertaking new environmental initiatives. Most of the examples are presente

12、d in a problem-solution structure. Some of the examples are presented in a very common writing structurea situation-problem-solution-result/evaluation. Main Idea and Devices for Developing it 1) Main Idea: As the world economy develops dramatically, the environmental damage has been becoming increas

13、ingly severe. Therefore, many countries in the world, which used to pay little attention to environmental protection, now begin to undertake diverse initiatives to reverse the current trend. The typical examples of such countries include Canada, Costa Rica, Brazil, Eastern Europe, Ghana, and Indones

14、ia.2) The method of organizing the text: With subtitles, the structure of the whole passage becomes quite clear. The “introduction”, which serves as part one, introduces the main point which the author is going to illustrate. The following paragraphs, the body part of the whole passage, support the

15、main point through several examples. So the whole passage is developed through exemplification.3) Devices for Developing the main idea: Phenomenon-describing (現(xiàn)象法): Describing the phenomenon or concrete situation is a common method of starting a passage :In this part, the author first describes the

16、situation around the world: most countries are careless about the environment, and the environmental damage has increased. Then the author naturally introduces the main point to be expanded in the next part: more countries have changed their attitudes and even taken actions to solve the environmenta

17、l problems.Exemplification (例證法): Illustrations of the main point through exemplification To illustrate the signs of change in some parts of the world, the author cites six typical examples of countries: Canada, Costa Rica, Brazil, Eastern Europe, Ghana, and Indonesia. The examples are effectively e

18、mployed by following the problem- solution pattern. Typical examples to illustrate the main point: 1.Canada protects its fish supply by closing fish areas and setting strict limits. (Para. 2-4)2.Costa Rica issued new laws and created parks and nature preserves to protect its rain forests. (Para. 5)3

19、. Brazil has taken steps to protect the Amazon rain forests.(Para. 6-8)4. Eastern European countries have dealt with the water pollution. (Para. 9-10)5. Ghana strengthened its agricultural base and developed a new source of income . (Para. 11-12)6. Indonesian government has taken measures to encoura

20、ge birth control and provide enough food, shelter and employment. (Para. 13-14)Typical example presented by problem-solution pattern: Indonesia (Para. 13-14)Problem-solution pattern (問題-解決法):Situation: Indonesians have traditionally favored large families, and their major religion, Islam, frowns upo

21、n birth control. Problem: With 188 million people, the country is now struggling to provide enough food, shelter, and employment for its people. Solution: The government has waged a massive ad campaign to encourage birth control, offering inducements such as free trips to Mecca. Evaluation: With a l

22、arge population base, the countries must still convert millions of more to the idea of birth control so as to reach its population targets.Result : The government has succeeded in increasing use of birth control from 10 percent of the population 10 years ago to 49 percent today. III. Language Points

23、A. Expressions關(guān)心，關(guān)注 to concern oneself with (L. 3)今天的年青人不應(yīng)該只關(guān)心個人目標的實現(xiàn)，而應(yīng)該胸懷祖國，放眼世界。The young people today should not just concern themselves with the pursuit of personal goals. Instead, they should keep the entire motherland in mind and the whole world in view.許多家長只關(guān)注孩子的學(xué)業(yè)和身體，而對孩子的精神健康漠不關(guān)心。Many pare

24、nts concern themselves with their childrens academic achievements and physical conditions, regardless of their moral health.2. 出現(xiàn)，涌現(xiàn) to spring up (L. 5)改革開放的二十年間，一個個現(xiàn)代化的企業(yè)在中國大地上雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn)出來。During the past twenty years of Chinas reform and opening-up, thousands of modernized enterprises have sprung up

25、around China.3. 采取舉措 to undertake initiatives (L. 6)中央政府正在采取一些新舉措，確保農(nóng)民收入穩(wěn)定。The central government is making some fresh initiatives to ensure a steady income for the peasants.4. 把降到低水平; 使淪落到 to reduce sth. to a low level (L. 11)高校擴招并不意味著要降低入學(xué)標準。Increasing university enrollments doesnt mean reducing t

26、he entrance requirements to a low level.5. 作為回答，作為反應(yīng) in response (to) (L. 12)許多有志的年青人堅決響應(yīng)黨的號召，自愿到西部山區(qū)工作。In firm response to the Partys call , many ambitious young people choose to work in the western mountainous areas. 6. 對作出嚴格限制 to set strict limits on (L. 12)教育部不再對參加高考者的年齡和婚姻狀況作出嚴格的規(guī)定。The Ministry

27、 of Education no longer sets strict limits on the age and marital status of those who intend to participate in the college entrance examinations.7. 采取措施（行動） to take measures (steps/ action) to do sth. (L. 14)在危險面前，與其坐以待斃，不如采取針鋒相對的行動。In the face of dangers, it is better for one to take positive actio

28、ns against them rather than wait passively for ones end.8. 面對來自的抗議 to face the protests from (L. 18)面對緊張的工作和生活帶來的壓力，越來越多的人喜歡到大自然中放松自己。Facing the pressure from the stressful work and life, an increasing number of people prefer to get close to nature for relaxation.9. 保持生態(tài)多樣性 to preserve the ecologica

29、l diversity (L. 24)正如自然界需要生物的多樣性一樣，一個開放的社會需要保持其文化的多元化。Just as nature requires the ecological diversity, an open society needs to preserve the diversity of its cultures. 10. 和，連同 together with (L. 26)貧窮和無知使過去的生活難以回首。而今天，繁榮和科學(xué)的進步給人們帶來了新生活的希望。Poverty, together with lack of knowledge, made a terrible dr

30、eam of the life in past. But today, prosperity, along with the progress of science, brings people the hope for new life.11. 致力于，努力做 to seek / struggle to do sth. (L. 30)這家公司一直致力于開發(fā)中國西部地區(qū)豐富的自然資源。This company has been seeking to exploit and develop the abundant natural resources in the western regions

31、 of China.12. 改弦易轍 to reverse course (L. 33)一旦陷入困境，聰明的人不是一味地鉆牛角尖，而是適時地另辟溪徑以謀求出路。Once stuck in a dilemma, a wise man does not head blindly for a dead end but reverses his course in time to find his way out.13. 批準/ 同意計劃 to agree to a plan to do sth. (L. 34)政府批準了一項旨在提高全民整體健康水平的全民健身計劃。The government has

32、 agreed to a nationwide body-building plan to improve the general physical condition of the whole nation.14. 作為典范 to serve as a model for (L. 49)LeiFeng will forever serve as the role model for the whole society to follow in that his holy spirit has become the spiritual wealth of Chinese nation.雷鋒將永

33、遠是我們整個社會學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣，因為他的崇高精神已經(jīng)成為中華民族的精神財富。15. 鞏固/ 加強基礎(chǔ) to strengthen the base (L. 57)只有不斷地鞏固國防基礎(chǔ)才能確保在未來局部高科技戰(zhàn)爭中的勝利。Only by strengthening the base of national defense can we ensure the victory in the future regional hi-tech war.16. 為 帶來(開發(fā))新財源 to bring (develop / exploit) a new source of wealth to sb. (for

34、 sb.) (L. 57)我們彼此應(yīng)開誠相見，都不要有所隱瞞，從而消除誤解的根源。We should be frank and open, and hide nothing from each other, thus removing the sources of misunderstanding.17. 減緩速度 to slow the rate of doing sth. (L. 58)在講到要點時，老師有意放慢速度以便學(xué)生們有足夠的時間做筆記。When it came to the key points, the teacher slowed the rate of speaking o

35、n purpose so that the students had enough time to take notes.18. 不贊成 to frown upon (L. 62)盡管上學(xué)打工或許有益處，但大多數(shù)父母不贊成他們的孩子這樣做。Most parents frown upon their children doing part-time jobs though they may benefit from it.19. 發(fā)起/ 開展運動 to wage (conduct / launch) a campaign學(xué)校開展了豐富多彩的活動來提高學(xué)生們的綜合素質(zhì)。The university

36、 has conducted a diversity of activities to enhance the students comprehensive qualities.20. 使某人轉(zhuǎn)變思想，使某人接受觀念 to convert sb. to the idea of / that (L. 70)就業(yè)市場上激烈的競爭使許多學(xué)生終于轉(zhuǎn)變了思想，接受了這個觀念：知識加能力才是唯一的出路。The severe competition in the job market eventually converted many students to the idea that knowledge

37、plus ability is the only way out.21. 達到自己的目標 to reach ones target (L. 70)無論做什么，我們都應(yīng)該樹立這樣的信念：不達目的，決不罷休。Whatever we do, we must establish such a belief: Never give up until we reach our targets.B. Patterns for you to use as models1. Typical patterns for describing sb.s preoccupation with sth.:原句: The

38、great majority of nations concern themselves with economic development, regardless of its effect on the global ecology. 決大多數(shù)國家只顧經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，而不顧經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對全球生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響。（劃線部分可替換）Sb. concerns himself with sth. / doing sth., regardless of sth. else. 某人只顧某事/做某事， 而不顧其他的事。應(yīng)用：a. 許多家長只關(guān)注孩子的學(xué)業(yè)和身體，而對孩子的精神健康漠不關(guān)心。Many parents c

39、oncern themselves with their childrens academic achievements and physical conditions, regardless of their moral health.應(yīng)用：b. 一些人只顧匆忙地穿過街道，而不顧路上穿梭的車輛。這時往往就會發(fā)生交通事故。Traffic accidents often occur when people concern themselves with hurrying across streets, regardless of the shuttling cars on the road.Tr

40、ansitional patterns for offering examples：原句: The following are a few examples of countries undertaking new environmental initiatives.下面就是幾個正在采取環(huán)境保護新舉措的國家的例子。 The following / Here are a few / some / typical examples of sth. or sb. doing sth. 下面就是幾個/ 一些/ 典型的某事或某人做某事的例子。句型提煉應(yīng)用：a. 下面是幾個在自己的事業(yè)中表現(xiàn)出了強烈興趣并

41、做出不懈努力的人們的典型例子。強烈的興趣和不懈努力是人類一切活動成功的關(guān)鍵因素。Here are some typical examples of people showing in their careers intense interest plus persistent effort, which is the key factor to the success in every human activity. 應(yīng)用：b. 下面是幾個人的例子，這些人常常把看上去可浪費的時間充分利用起來，使之產(chǎn)生效率。The following are a few examples of men who

42、tend to make the normally wasted hours useful and productive. Typical patterns for expressing doubts原句: The government promises it will protect the regions native people, but questions remain as to its true level of commitments. (L. 37)巴西政府承諾將保護該地區(qū)的土著居民，但人們對這個承諾的可信度仍心存疑慮。 句型提煉Sb. promises (undertake

43、s) /intends ( decides) to do sth. / that , but questions / doubts / worries remain as to 某人答應(yīng)（承諾）/ 打算（決定）做某事/ ，但人們對 仍然心存疑慮/ 擔憂。（劃線部分可替換）應(yīng)用：a. 盡管那家公司已經(jīng)與工人簽定了勞動合同，并承諾保障他們的合法權(quán)益，但人們?nèi)匀粚镜恼\信度和可靠性憂心重重。The company has already signed the labor contracts with the workers and promises to guarantee their legal

44、 rights, but worries remain as to its honesty and reliability.應(yīng)用：b. 這個年輕人承諾自己要改邪歸正，重新做人，但人們對他是否會信守諾言仍然心存疑慮。The young man undertakes to turn over a new leaf, but doubts remain as to whether he will keep his promise or not.4. Typical patterns for showing uncertainty:原句: Observers say the program has s

45、ucceeded strengthening . and bringing. But it remains to be seen whether these measures will have enough impact to slow the rate of removing the forests (L. 56)觀察家稱該計劃已成功地鞏固了而且還帶來了但要知道這些措施是否會產(chǎn)生足夠的影響來減緩砍伐森林的速度，尚須時日。句型提煉Sb. says / claims / argues that But it remains to be seen / done whether / which /

46、 what (從句)某人稱 /宣稱/ 認為 但是要了解（知道）/ 做, 尚須時日。應(yīng)用：a. 推銷員宣稱他們的筆記本電腦質(zhì)量最好，然而對這種產(chǎn)品到底能用多久，我們將拭目以待, 因為我們相信真金不怕火煉。The salesman claims their laptop is of the best quality. But it remains to be seen whether this brand will last long or not, for we believe that “True gold fears no fire.”應(yīng)用：b. 經(jīng)過充分的準備，每個球隊對在比賽中的勝利都充

47、滿了信心，然而最終花落誰家尚待以后見分曉。After sufficient preparations, every team is confident of its success in the matches. But it remains to be seen which team will be the final winner.IV. Writing Paragraph WritingOn the Interaction between Bright and Dark Sides of Something對事物兩方面之間的相互關(guān)系和作用進行知識性說明，使讀者領(lǐng)悟好事也能變壞事或反之亦然

48、的道理。知識性說明寫作模式（知識性說明辨證關(guān)系說明）1) There are two sides of any problem in the world, interrelated and interacting with each other, to which the problem of something is no exception. 2) Deeply stuck in the loop of something, somebody concerns himself naturally with 3) He is too eager for success in somethin

49、g to have mind to consider beyond the orbit of something . 4) Through unyielding efforts, he succeeds, as many others once succeeded, in 5) With the passage of time, however, his gain turns out to 6) His profitable exploration of has resulted in7) His favorite application of has led to 8) Thus it ca

50、n be seen that the best course of reaction to any problem is to take account of both sides of it and attach to each its due weight before anything is done about it. (劃線部分可替換 ) On the Interaction between Bright and Dark Sides of Economic Development結(jié)合課文就經(jīng)濟發(fā)展得與失之間的相互關(guān)系和作用進行知識性說明1) There are two sides

51、of any problem in the world, interrelated and interacting with each other, to which the problem of economic development is no exception. 2) Deeply stuck in the loop of economic development, many developing countries, including China, concern themselves naturally with how to find ways out and change

52、it for the better 3) They are too eager for success in this field to have mind to consider the side-effects their solutions or efforts may produce beyond the orbit of economy . 4) Through unyielding efforts, they succeed, as many other countries once succeeded, in bettering their economic conditions

53、 and improving the living standards of their people. 5) With the passage of time, however, their gain turns out to be smaller than their loss or at least discounted to a large degree. 6) His profitable exploration of natural resources has resulted in soil erosion, desertification of farmland, and mo

54、re disasters for wildlife.7) His favorite application of findings in science has led to environmental pollution, greenhouse effect and unbalance of ecology.8) Thus it can be seen that the best course of reaction to any problem is to take account of both sides of it and attach to each its due weight

55、before anything is done about it. V. Reading Skills. Reading Skills: Finding Out Word MeaningsSome sentences give the definition for a difficult word with the help of punctuation such as commas, dashes or parenthesesContext sometimes gives examples to illustrate a difficult word rather than define i

56、t. We can use the examples to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word.3. Synonyms (同義詞) are words or phrases that are similar in meaning. A synonym is one type of context clue that helps you to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words.4. Antonym (反義詞) clues. Antonyms are words or phrases that

57、 have opposite meanings to other words or phrases. Antonym clues can help you understand new words.5. Sentences before or after a sentence that has a difficult word sometimes explain the meaning of the word. 6. Sometimes we can use our own experiences, or our knowledge about a certain topic, to find

58、 out the meaning of an unfamiliar word.7. Word part clues. We can often figure out an unfamiliar word because we know the prefix or suffix attached to the root word, or the two words that make up a compound word. Here we have picked out some examples from Reading Passage A to explain how this partic

59、ular reading skill is used in practice.Example 1 Context clue: We can often figure out an unfamiliar word because we know the prefix or suffix attached to the root word. Example: The great majority of nations concern themselves with economic development, regardless of its effect on the global ecolog

60、y. (Para.1, Passage A, Unit 1) Explanation: We can find out the meaning of the new word global, because we know that this adjective is formed by adding the suffix -al to the noun “globe”.Example 2 Context clue: Sentences before or after a sentence containing a difficult word sometimes explain the me