【課件】Unit 1 非謂語動詞用法詳解課件-高中英語人教版（2019） 必修第三冊

1、非謂語動詞CONTENTS概念01形式與含義02時態(tài)與語態(tài)03解題步驟04功能與作用05用法區(qū)別06非謂語動詞？A beautiful girl _ (stand) by the window.主語謂語standsA beautiful girl _ (stand) by the window and she looks very sad.主語謂語謂語standsThe beautiful girl _ (stand) by the window looks very sad.主語謂語非謂語standing一個句子中已經(jīng)有謂語動詞，且在沒有連詞的情況下，另一個動詞就作非謂語對比下面兩個句子My

2、 English teacher entered the classroom and she held a book on her hand.My English teacher entered the classroom holding a book on her hand.概念動詞的基本用法是作謂語。當(dāng)句中已經(jīng)有了謂語動詞了，要選或要填的動詞就只能用非謂語形式了。非謂語動詞有三種形式：1、動詞不定式：to do 2、動詞的ing 形式: doing 3、動詞的過去分詞：done非謂語動詞1.不能單獨作謂語，但擁有動詞某些特征（如接賓語）2.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化3.相當(dāng)于

3、名詞、形容詞、副詞4.能做句子其他成分5.可以擁有自己的賓語和狀語形式與含義（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和將來動詞的ing形式：表示主動和進行過去分詞：表示被動和完成非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一般式完成式進行式不定式主動to doto have doneto be doing被動to be doneto have been doneing 形式主動doinghaving done被動being donehaving been done過去分詞被動doneee熟悉原本的時態(tài)、語態(tài)的表達形式非謂語動詞的否定形式在非謂語動詞前加 not, never not / never to do, not / n

4、ever doing非謂語動詞的做題步驟1、判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語動詞了2、找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。3、判斷主被動關(guān)系。方法：非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的主動還是被動關(guān)系。4、判斷時間關(guān)系。方法：分析句子，看看非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前、之后還是同時。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同時常用doing.動作是由行為者發(fā)出的，所有動詞都會由一個行為者去支配它，這種支配非謂語動詞的行為者在語法里就叫做邏輯主語。找邏輯主語的三個常見方法： 1.非謂語動詞作狀語，邏輯主語一般是句子的主語 2.非謂語動詞作定

5、語，邏輯主語是被修飾詞 3.非謂語動詞作賓補，邏輯主語是賓補前的賓語功能與作用主語賓語表語定語狀語補語to dodoingdone過去分詞過去分詞過去分詞一般表示完成的和被動的動作。過去分詞在句子中一般可以用作定語、賓語補足語、表語和狀語，但不能單獨作謂語。過去分詞作定語1.位置單個過去分詞作定語，通常放在被修飾詞之前 The ground was covered with fallen leaves. People shouldnt be exposed to polluted water.過去分詞短語作定語，通常放在被修飾詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。 I borrowed a bo

6、ok written by Mark Twain from the library. =I borrowed a book which/that was written by Mark Twain from the library.過去分詞作定語2.過去分詞作定語時的意義不及物動詞：只表示完成，不表示被動 a retired teacher fallen leaves the risen sun及物動詞：表示被動和完成 an honored guest the broken glass the question discussed yesterday過去分詞作賓補語1.用在表示某種的動詞kee

7、p, leave等的后面 They kept the door locked for a long time. Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.2.have/get + 賓語 + 過去分詞，表示使某事被做（讓別人做或主語自己做），或表示遭遇某種不幸 I have had my bike repaired. Mary had her watch stolen the other day.3.make + 賓語 + 賓補, 過去分詞表示結(jié)果 I raised my voice to make myself heard.過去分

8、詞作賓補語4.用在感官動詞watch, see, hear, notice, feel等后面作賓補，用在find后面作賓補 When we got to school, we saw the gate locked. We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy raindrops.5.want, wish, like, expect, order + 賓語 + 賓補， I want the car fixed.6.with + 賓語 + 賓補, 賓語與賓補之間是被動關(guān)系 The thief was brought in, with his hands

9、 tied behind his back. 過去分詞（短語）作狀語過去分詞（短語）作狀語時, 表示動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。過去分詞作狀語可表時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨（或方式）、讓步等情況。1.表示時間，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句 Looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful =When it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful When water is heated, water

10、turns into steam.2.表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句 Worried about the speech competition, I was unsettled these days =Because I was worried about the speech competition, I was unsettled these days. Because he was exhausted, he fell fast asleep.3.表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句 Given a few minutes, Ill finish the task =If I am giv

11、en a few minutes, Ill finish the task. If I am given a time machine , I will pay a visit to the future.4.表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個讓步狀語從句 Invited by him, I wont take part in the party =Though I was invited by him, I wont take part in the party Although he was laughed at by others, he still smiles at life.5.表示結(jié)果 The

12、 cup fell down to the ground, broken. = and as a result the cup broke. 6.表示方式或伴隨 The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse=The patient got off the bed, and he was supported by the nurse. The girl left, and she was followed by a little dog.1.She was moved by the moving speech.2.She seems su

13、rprised at the news.3.They looked frightened to hear the frightening sound.4.The door is closed.過去分詞可置于 后作 語，用來表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征或 。其前的系動詞包括be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等多種形式。系動詞表狀態(tài)過去分詞作表語動詞-ing形式V-ing形式作主語表示長期行為或者無時間性 Playing basketball is very interesting. His coming gave us great encouragemen

14、t.用it作形式主語：It is no use/good doing sth.It is a waste of time doing sth.It is great fun doing sth.V-ing形式作賓語可以作動詞和介詞的賓語：Do you mind closing the door?He enjoys playing basketball.I look forward to receiving your letter soon.*注意積累常見的用V-ing形式作賓語的動詞。V-ing 形式作定語1.動名詞（短語）作定語 表示被修飾詞的性質(zhì)、作用或用途，作“供用”，相當(dāng)于介詞for短

15、語，常置于被修飾詞之前。 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming a reading room = a room for reading a walking stick = a stick for walkingV-ing 形式作定語2.現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）作定語 單個分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞之前，作前置定語；分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞之后，作后置定語。 表示被修飾詞的動作或狀態(tài)，被修飾詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之前是主動關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。He asked an embarrassing question.A little child learning to w

16、alk often falls.a sleep boy = a boy who is sleepingV-ing 作表語1.動名詞（短語）作表語 表示抽象的一般性行為，用來說明主語的內(nèi)容，與主語通常同一概念，表語和主語?？苫Q。One of his weakness is telling lies.= Telling lies is one of his weakness.2.現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）作表語 表示主語的某種性質(zhì)和特征。 The report is very disturbing.V-ing 形式作定語2.現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）作定語 單個分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞之前，作前置定語；分詞短語作

17、定語，常放在被修飾詞之后，作后置定語。 表示被修飾詞的動作或狀態(tài)，被修飾詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之前是主動關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。He asked an embarrassing question.A little child learning to walk often falls.a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleepingV-ing形式作賓補與賓語之間是主動關(guān)系。主要用于以下兩類動詞后作賓補:1.位于感官動詞（詞組）后，如see, feel, smell, watch, catch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe

18、等。 I saw a girl crying in the street.2.位于使役動詞后，如keep, have, get, leave等。 We shouldnt keep our lights burning in the day. 也可用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中 She fell asleep with the lamp burning.V-ing 形式作狀語V-ing作狀語的形式：一般式(doing)：表示動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生完成式(having done)：表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前Representing the Student Association, I went

19、 to the airport to meet the international students.Having finished his summary, he went out for a walk.Having struggled for years, he finally won the champion.Having been shown around the lab, we were led into a hall.主動式被動式V-ing 形式作狀語V-ing作狀語時, 可表時間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨、讓步、結(jié)果等情況。Walking down the street, I ca

20、me across Tom. = When I was walking down the street, I came across Tom.Having worked for two days, Tony managed to finish his report.= After he had worked for two days, Tony managed to finish his report.Not knowing his address, I had better call him to come over.Working hard, you will pass the exam.

21、Mother drew the curtain for me, blocking out the light.V-ing形式作評注性狀語有些現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）用于句首，沒有邏輯主語而獨立存在，作為句子的獨立成分來修飾全句，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等。我們稱這種狀語為評論性狀語或評注性狀語。generally/frankly speaking 一般來說/坦率的說judging from/by 根據(jù)判斷considering 考慮到Considering the budget, we have decided to give up the travel plan.動詞不定式動詞不定式作主語常表示具體的

22、某一次行為 To see is to believe. To live is to learn.用it作形式主語： It is + adj.+ for/of sb to do sth. It is + n. + to do sth. It takes sb to do sth.動詞不定式作賓語They agree to help us. I decided to be a doctor*注意常見的用to do作賓語的動詞的積累want, agree, decide, refuse, offer, happen, promise, pretend, expect, afford,it作形式賓語，

23、真正的賓語是不定式：think/make/find/feel/believe it + adj./n.+ to do sth I think it a great honor to be a soldier. I find it hard to study English well. 動詞不定式作定語作后置定語修飾前面的名詞或代詞。 He said he had an important meeting to attend.動詞不定式作定語常有以下幾種情況： 1.不定式和它所修飾的詞之間是動賓關(guān)系。 Have you got anything to do this evening? The B

24、rowns have a comfortable house to live in. 如果動詞不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)有相應(yīng)的介詞。動詞不定式作定語2.被修飾的詞被序數(shù)詞或the only等修飾時 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. He is the only person to know the truth.3.不定式說明它所修飾的名詞或代詞的內(nèi)容，與被修飾詞具有同位關(guān)系。常見的名詞有：chance, plan, effort, right, ability, way等。 Dont give up the c

25、hance to stand up. 動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式作狀語往往表示目的、原因、結(jié)果和條件等。表示原因、結(jié)果時，不可置于句首。1.目的狀語 She give him some money to let him leave at once. *in order to do, so as to do2.原因狀語 動詞不定式常置于一些形容詞或過去分詞后來說明產(chǎn)生某種情緒的原因。這類詞常見的有：happy, glad, surprised, sorry, delighted, proud等。 I am glad to meet you at the meeting.動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式

26、作狀語往往表示目的、原因、結(jié)果和條件等。表示原因、結(jié)果時，不可置于句首。3.結(jié)果狀語 soas to do, such as to do, enough to do sth, tooto do sth We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests.4.條件狀語 To turn to the left, you can find a post office.不定式作表語放于系動詞后作表語，表示具體內(nèi)容或目的 The main thing is to stay calm. Our duty is to help those poor families.不定式作補語1.感官動詞+賓語+賓補(省略to) see, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen to I saw him enter the shop yesterday.2.使役動詞let, make, have等（省略to） You made him cry.3.其他常見用不定式作賓補的動詞：ask, want, encourage,