2011年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試衛(wèi)生類(lèi)B級(jí)真題閱讀文章翻譯2015年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)真題備考

1、2011年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試真題（衛(wèi)生類(lèi)B級(jí)） HYPERLINK http:/www.study/kecheng/english/zhicheng/ 2015年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)真題備考 HYPERLINK http:/www.study/kecheng/english/zhicheng/ 學(xué)派網(wǎng)職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)團(tuán)隊(duì)原創(chuàng)第2部分：閱讀判斷（第1622題，每題1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。Relieving the Pain“Exercise may be

2、the best treatment of chronic pain,” say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. “People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising.” The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this i

3、s often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.Lumbar（腰部的）pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their

4、forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary（久坐不動(dòng)的）lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins（內(nèi)啡肽）, the bodys “feel-good” c

5、hemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since

6、finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs. “Its crazy,” says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Stu

7、dy of Pain. “Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. Ive just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different- names.”A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients h

8、ave undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by an hou

9、r on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice tai chi（太極）, self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours physiotherapy（理療）a week in a traditional hospital program. “The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confiden

10、ce,” explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. “Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment.”減輕痛苦“鍛煉可能是治療慢性疼痛最好的方法，”一家治療疼痛的新診所里面的醫(yī)生說(shuō)道?！坝新蕴弁吹牟∪诵枰喑鋈プ咦?，開(kāi)始鍛煉身體，不要總是躺著”。有劇烈疼痛的時(shí)候，

11、人的本能是停止活動(dòng)來(lái)保護(hù)疼痛的地方。但是不動(dòng)似乎并不見(jiàn)效，尤其是背疼。背疼已經(jīng)成為人們?nèi)タ瘁t(yī)生的第三大常見(jiàn)的原因，僅次于頭疼和疲勞。背疼導(dǎo)致很多人休長(zhǎng)假。腰疼部分原因是因?yàn)槿藗兟N起前足，但因?yàn)榫米粍?dòng)的生活方式而更糟糕。缺少鍛煉慢慢會(huì)減少肌肉靈活性以及力量，因此解除疼痛處的壓力會(huì)更困難。鍛煉是最基本的。鍛煉能排出內(nèi)啡肽，內(nèi)啡肽是體內(nèi)一種“感覺(jué)良好”的化學(xué)成分，是一種天然止疼藥。事實(shí)上，這些很重要，研究人員正在尋找能讓體內(nèi)的內(nèi)啡肽保持在一個(gè)舒適水平的藥物。家庭醫(yī)生給大部分抱怨疼痛的人都開(kāi)了止疼藥，而不是要求鍛煉。因?yàn)檎业奖巢刻弁吹脑虿⒉荒敲慈菀?，醫(yī)生經(jīng)常并不知道病人不舒服的確切原因，隨著疼痛的

12、繼續(xù)，病人最后只得服用更強(qiáng)的甚至一系列不同的藥?！斑@很瘋狂”， Dr. Brasseur說(shuō)道，他是國(guó)際疼痛研究協(xié)會(huì)的一名治療專(zhuān)家?！八麄冇行┤朔貌煌t(yī)生開(kāi)出的不同藥。我剛見(jiàn)一個(gè)病人，他服用兩種藥，結(jié)果這兩種藥是同樣的東西，不同的名字?！毙陆⒌奶弁丛\所運(yùn)營(yíng)的基礎(chǔ)是藥物最好要避免。一旦患者已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了最初的身體以及心理檢查，他們的藥物要盡可能多的被減掉。讓患者脫離藥物也讓他們做好了運(yùn)動(dòng)的準(zhǔn)備。在有些疼痛治療診所，病人開(kāi)始的時(shí)候做肌肉收縮，放松運(yùn)動(dòng)，接著一個(gè)小時(shí)是自行車(chē)鍛煉。遲些時(shí)候，他們會(huì)打太極，正當(dāng)自衛(wèi)以及冥想。這和傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)院項(xiàng)目的為期一周每天平均兩個(gè)半小時(shí)的理療想成對(duì)照?！斑@個(gè)理念就是加強(qiáng)并且

13、增加持久的精力，靈活性以及自信，”Bill Wiles解釋道，他是利物浦一個(gè)疼痛咨詢(xún)醫(yī)生?！敖?jīng)歷這種治療的病人比那些接受保守治療的病人更快的重返工作崗位以及重新開(kāi)始健康的積極的生活方式?！?6To treat pain, patients should stop moving around.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned17Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned18Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site o

14、f pain.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned19Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned20Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned21Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatm

15、ent.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned22New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第2330題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23 26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個(gè)小標(biāo)題；（2）第27 30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。The Meaning of Dreams1Dreams play an important role in our lives. If

16、 they can be correctly interpreted, we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize.2I can see their laughing faces . laughing at me. But they arent as smart. If they were, theyd be up here flying with me! This dream has both positi

17、ve and negative connotations（涵義）. On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine. It can also be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they w

18、ish to escape. The dream could represent an inferiority complex（自卑情結(jié)）, which the dreamer attempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others.3Im moving fast now, but its still behind me. Doesnt matter how fast I go, I still cant escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and v

19、itality（生命力）like the first one, it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stumble（蹣跚）or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes the fear even more

20、terrifying（恐怖的）. One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressure in their everyday life.4Im sweating and my heart is beating. Im trapped in my own bed. In this dream, the person is often standing on a high, exposed place such as on the top of a tower, or on the edge of a cliff

21、. The overwhelming（強(qiáng)烈的）feeling changes from anxiety to a loss of control. There is nothing to stop the person, and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrifyingly (（恐怖地）real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormous relief. This dream suggest

22、s that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has a fear of failure or even death.5The wind is pushing me and I slip. Theres nothing I can do nothing I can hold on to. This symbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and leg

23、s, but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape, they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent context for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something which you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this

24、extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a deep-seated phobia（恐懼）of losing a job and a livelihood.做夢(mèng)的意義做夢(mèng)在我們的生活在扮演著重要的角色。如果夢(mèng)能被正確的解析，我們就能更好的了解自己了。在這里，我們看看四個(gè)普通的夢(mèng)，以及他們可能代表著什么。我看到他們的笑臉對(duì)著我笑。但是他們不是那么聰明。如果他們聰明的話(huà)，他們會(huì)在上面和我一起飛翔。這個(gè)夢(mèng)既有積極涵義，又有消極涵義。積極的一面是，這個(gè)夢(mèng)可能表達(dá)了一種去旅游并且擺脫每天的日常生活的強(qiáng)烈愿望。它也可以被理解為想取得成就的強(qiáng)烈愿望。另一方面，這個(gè)夢(mèng)

25、可能意味著做夢(mèng)人有什么問(wèn)題或者是在害怕什么，并且想逃跑。這個(gè)夢(mèng)代表著一種自卑情結(jié)，做夢(mèng)人讓自己所處的位置比其他人高，從而試圖逃離。我現(xiàn)在跑得很快，但是它仍在我身后。無(wú)論我跑得多快，我仍然無(wú)法逃跑。盡管這和第一個(gè)夢(mèng)一樣，是健康和生命力的傳統(tǒng)象征，它也暗示著做夢(mèng)者正試圖擺脫危險(xiǎn)。通常，恐懼情緒占主導(dǎo)。通過(guò)快速奔跑，做夢(mèng)者可能會(huì)擺脫威脅。然而，他們也可能蹣跚或者更糟的是整個(gè)停止移動(dòng)。這個(gè)讓恐懼更加恐怖。一個(gè)可能的解釋是這個(gè)人在日常生活中面臨壓力。我在冒汗，我的心在跳動(dòng)。我被困在自己的床上。在這個(gè)夢(mèng)里，做夢(mèng)者通常站在一個(gè)很高的暴露的地方，比如塔頂，或者懸崖邊緣。這種強(qiáng)烈的感覺(jué)通常從焦慮變?yōu)槭タ刂?。沒(méi)

26、有什么能阻止這個(gè)人，而且那種在懸崖邊走動(dòng)的感覺(jué)真實(shí)得讓人恐怖。幸運(yùn)的是，正當(dāng)要掉到地面的時(shí)候，做夢(mèng)者醒來(lái)了，感到一種巨大的解脫。這個(gè)夢(mèng)暗示做夢(mèng)者害怕失去控制，并且害怕失敗甚至死亡。風(fēng)在使勁吹著我，我滑倒了。我什么也做不了沒(méi)有什么能讓我抓住。這個(gè)夢(mèng)跟恐懼相關(guān)：突然做夢(mèng)者失去了所有動(dòng)彈的力量。他們努力想移動(dòng)手臂或者胳膊，但是就是不行。在一個(gè)令人恐怖的情形里被凍結(jié)，無(wú)法逃跑，隨著時(shí)間一秒秒推移，他們會(huì)變得越來(lái)越恐懼。這個(gè)夢(mèng)另外一個(gè)常有的背景是做夢(mèng)者在公眾場(chǎng)合未來(lái)完成什么事情，常常是他們正常情況下很擅長(zhǎng)的事情，比如你的工作。這個(gè)不僅讓人極其尷尬，它還暗示著對(duì)失去工作以及生計(jì)的一種深深的恐懼。第4部分：

27、閱讀理解（第3145題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the p

28、hones are more than a means of communication having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of m

29、obile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the bra

30、in cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning（掃描）equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks. He would often

31、forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The

32、answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile

33、 phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health

34、. So for now, its wise not to use your mobile phone too often.手機(jī)：掛斷還是繼續(xù)聊？如今數(shù)以百萬(wàn)的人在使用手機(jī)。在很多地方，如果不用手機(jī)會(huì)被認(rèn)為不正常。在很多國(guó)家，手機(jī)在年輕人中很流行。他們認(rèn)為手機(jī)不僅是一種聯(lián)系方式有一個(gè)手機(jī)表明他們很酷，和外界有關(guān)聯(lián)。手機(jī)使用在全世界范圍內(nèi)的爆炸式的增長(zhǎng)讓有些健康專(zhuān)家很著急。有些醫(yī)生擔(dān)心未來(lái)很多人會(huì)因?yàn)槭褂檬謾C(jī)遭到健康問(wèn)題。在英國(guó)，關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題有個(gè)很?chē)?yán)肅的辯論。手機(jī)公司擔(dān)心這種思想的宣傳會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。他們認(rèn)為沒(méi)有證據(jù)證明使用手機(jī)有害健康。另一方面，為什么一些醫(yī)學(xué)研究表明使用手機(jī)的部分人群的腦細(xì)胞

35、發(fā)生改變。大腦以及頭部組織的變化跡象能通過(guò)現(xiàn)代的掃描設(shè)備檢測(cè)出來(lái)。有個(gè)例子就是一個(gè)旅行推銷(xiāo)員很年輕就因?yàn)閲?yán)重的失憶而退休了。他甚至連一些簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)都記不住。他經(jīng)常忘記自己兒子的名字。這個(gè)人在幾年時(shí)間內(nèi)，每周的每個(gè)工作日都要使用電話(huà)長(zhǎng)達(dá)六個(gè)小時(shí)。他的家庭醫(yī)生責(zé)怪他不該過(guò)多使用手機(jī)，但是老板的醫(yī)生不這么認(rèn)為。是什么讓手機(jī)存在潛在的危害呢？答案是輻射。高科技機(jī)器能夠檢測(cè)到手機(jī)里的極少量輻射。手機(jī)公司承認(rèn)是有輻射，但是他們說(shuō)輻射量很小，不足以引起擔(dān)心。隨著手機(jī)安全性討論的繼續(xù)，似乎最好的辦法是不那么經(jīng)常使用手機(jī)。需要打長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的電話(huà)時(shí)，使用你的座機(jī)。僅在你真的需要使用手機(jī)的時(shí)候再用。手機(jī)很有用，也很方便

36、，尤其是在緊急情況下。未來(lái)，手機(jī)可能會(huì)有一個(gè)警告標(biāo)志，提醒你手機(jī)有害健康。因此現(xiàn)在明智的做法是不要經(jīng)常使用手機(jī)。31People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT thatAtheyre cheap.Btheyre popularCtheyre useful.Dtheyre convenient.32The word “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced byAcured.Bremoved.Ccaused.Ddiscovered.33The salesman retire

37、d young becauseAhe disliked using mobile phones.Bhe was tired of talking on his mobile phone.Che couldnt remember simple tasks.Dhis employers doctor persuaded him to.34On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companiesAdeny the existence of mobile phone radiation.Bhold that the amount

38、 of radiation is too small to worry aboutCdevelop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation.Dtry to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health.35The writers purpose of writing this article is to advise peopleAto buy mobile phones.Bto update regular phones.Cto stop using mobile phones.D

39、to use mobile phones less often.第二篇Preventing Child Maltreatment（虐待）Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence（流行）of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low-and middle-income countries, are

40、 lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 510% of men report being sexually abused as children, while 25 50% of a

41、ll children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as psychological abuse and neglect).Every year, there are about 31,000 homicide（殺人）deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as

42、a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls, burns and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain developm

43、ent. Extreme stress can impair（傷害）the development of the nervous and immune（免疫）systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems. Via（通過(guò)）the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart

44、 disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatment ha

45、ve been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when one attempts to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of charact

46、eristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.防止兒童虐待兒童虐待是

47、一個(gè)全球問(wèn)題，會(huì)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的終身影響。對(duì)兒童虐待在全球的發(fā)生情況還沒(méi)有一個(gè)可靠的估計(jì)。很多國(guó)家的數(shù)據(jù)很缺乏，尤其是中低收入的國(guó)家。兒童虐待的研究很復(fù)雜，也很困難。目前的估計(jì)變化很大，根據(jù)國(guó)家以及使用的研究方法的不同。然而，國(guó)際研究顯示，大約有20%的男人以及5%到10%的女人在小的時(shí)候受到了性虐待，而有25%到50%的兒童受到了身體虐待。另外，很多兒童受到了精神虐待（有時(shí)候被稱(chēng)為心理虐待和忽視）每年大約有31000個(gè)15歲以下兒童被殺。這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)低估了一個(gè)問(wèn)題，就是那些被錯(cuò)誤歸結(jié)為摔死、燒死或者淹死的兒童，實(shí)際上是被虐待死亡的兒童，而這在兒童死亡中占了很大的比例。兒童虐待導(dǎo)致兒童以及家庭受苦，并且

48、可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)期的后果。虐待產(chǎn)生壓力，這些壓力跟早期大腦的發(fā)展破壞有關(guān)。極端的壓力會(huì)傷害神經(jīng)以及免疫系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展。因此，受到虐待的兒童到成年的時(shí)候在行為、身體以及精神健康上出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會(huì)增加。通過(guò)對(duì)行為以及心理健康產(chǎn)生影響，虐待會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病、癌癥、自殺以及性傳染病。兒童虐待除了有精神影響，還會(huì)有經(jīng)濟(jì)影響，包括住院的費(fèi)用，心理健康治療，兒童福利以及長(zhǎng)期的健康花費(fèi)。兒童虐待的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素已經(jīng)被識(shí)別出來(lái)。雖然這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素并不存在于所有的社會(huì)以及文化背景中，但是當(dāng)人們?cè)噲D了解兒童虐待的原因時(shí)，這些因素也能提供一個(gè)概觀。強(qiáng)調(diào)兒童是受害者，決不能因?yàn)榕按?zé)怪兒童很重要。小孩的一些特征可能會(huì)增加被虐待的可能性，

49、比如是四歲以下，或者是遭到父母嫌棄的青少年，或者是沒(méi)能完成父母的期望以及因?yàn)樘厥庑枨罂偸强迋€(gè)不?；蛘呤巧眢w有殘疾的孩子。36International studies reveal thatAmany children have been neglected.Bchild maltreatment is most serious in developed countries.C20% of children have been sexually abused.D25 50% of girls have been physically abused.37The word “underestima

50、tes” in paragraph 3 meansAexaggerates.Bpoints out.Cassumes.Dmiscalculates.38Child maltreatment can bring all the following consequences EXCEPTAstress.Bsuicide.Cheart disease.Dpoor memory.39Children are more likely to be maltreated if theyAcry a lot.Bare not good-looking.Care over 4 years old.Dare qu

51、iet.40We can infer from the passage thatAresearchers have collected enough data on child maltreatment.Bmore than 31,000 children under 15 are killed every year.Cmany countries have set up special institutions for maltreated children.Dsome children are also to blame for maltreatment.第三篇Sprained（扭傷）An

52、kleOne of the most common injuries teenagers and adults experience is a sprained ankle. A sprain occurs when the ligaments（韌帶）of a joint are twisted（扭傷）and possibly torn. Ligaments are bands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint in position. A sprain can occur from a sudden twisting at the joint,

53、 or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured area usually swells（腫脹）and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalk at the wrong angle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can leave you rolling on the ground in pain with an ankle on fire! If you

54、 cannot walk without experiencing intense pain, you must seek medical help. If the pain is manageable, and you can walk, here are three words to help you remember how to treat yourself:Elevate（抬高）CoolBandage（打繃帶）As soon as there is injury to that ligament, there will be a certain amount of bleeding

55、under the skin. Once the blood pools around the damaged blood vessels, swelling occurs. The pressure from the swelling results in additional stress and tenderness to the region. In order to reduce the degree of swelling, lie down as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated so that it is actually

56、 higher than your heart. Next, to reduce blood distribution and keep bleeding to a minimum, apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes, take the pack off, wait half an hour and then reapply. This can be done several times a day for a total of three days.Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes a

57、t a time. Reducing the temperature in that area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise the body temperature! Therefore, one accidentally triggers more blood distribution to the affected area by leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally, bandage the ankle.

58、Be careful not to wind it too tightly; doing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot.扭傷的腳踝青少年以及成年人最常見(jiàn)的受傷是腳踝扭傷。當(dāng)關(guān)節(jié)的韌帶扭傷或者是撕裂的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)生扭傷。韌帶是將關(guān)節(jié)處的骨頭控制在一定位置的一團(tuán)纖維。突然扭曲關(guān)節(jié)或者拉伸或者是撕開(kāi)韌帶處的纖維會(huì)出現(xiàn)扭傷。受傷的部分通常會(huì)腫脹，變成了烏黑色。在人行道上走路角度不對(duì)，或者是在走路或者跑步的時(shí)候?qū)⒛_踏進(jìn)洞里，你的腳踝會(huì)像著火一樣，疼得在地上打滾。如果你走路的時(shí)候會(huì)有劇烈疼痛，你必須去看醫(yī)生。如果疼痛可

59、以忍受，你能走路，這里有三個(gè)詞幫助你記住如何治療。抬高冷敷打繃帶一旦韌帶受傷，皮膚下面會(huì)有一定量的出血。一旦血液在受傷的血管聚集，就會(huì)發(fā)生腫脹。腫脹部分的壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致受傷區(qū)域有更多的壓力和壓痛感。為了減少腫脹程度，盡快躺下來(lái)，抬高腳踝，這樣腳踝就比你的心臟位置高。下一步，為了減少血液分布，將出血降到最少，敷上一個(gè)冰袋。20分鐘之后，把冰袋拿掉，等半小時(shí)之后，再敷上。就這樣每天敷幾次，連續(xù)敷三天。敷冰袋一次不要超過(guò)20分鐘。長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的將身體的那個(gè)部分降溫會(huì)給身體發(fā)出信號(hào)，增加血液流動(dòng)來(lái)給身體升溫。所以冰袋敷太久會(huì)意外引起腫脹部分更多的血液分布。最后，給腳踝上繃帶。注意別纏繞的太緊，繃帶可以限制血液流

60、通，避免對(duì)整個(gè)腳部造成傷害。41A sprain is caused byAligament fibers of a joint being twisted.Bblood vessels being hurt in the foot.Cconstantly changing body temperature.Delevating ones ankle.42The black-and-blue symptom of a sprain is due toAbleeding under the skin.Bpressing ones ankle.Ca tight bandage.Dapplying