2019版高考英語提分單元加餐練通用版(全解析)單元加餐練23含解析

1、單元加餐練.閱讀理解A(2017北京高考)Hollywoodstheorythatmachineswithevil(邪惡的)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthe

2、fieldofcybernetics(控制論),putitthisway：“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干預(yù)),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire”.Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivi

3、ngthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresu

4、ccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshoul

5、dconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork：wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperin

6、telligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheywo

7、rkinteamsyetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”telligentasifsuperinmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoe

8、xpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子誘導(dǎo))nuclearchainreaction.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。人工智能隨著科技的發(fā)展可能超出人類的控制，人類應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對(duì)此類安全問題，文章對(duì)此進(jìn)行了討論。1Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay_.Arunoutofhumanco

9、ntrolBsatisfyhumansrealdesiresCcommandarmiesofkillerrobotsDworkfasterthanamathematician答案：A段落大意題。由第一段中的“artificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant”并結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可推斷出，第一段主要告訴我們?nèi)斯ぶ悄芸赡軙?huì)超出人類的控制。故選A。2Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspart

10、lybecausetheymightbeableto_.ApreventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyCdoanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersDbeathumansininternationalchessmatches答案：A推理判斷題。由第二段第一句“Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,one.associatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexiste

11、nce.”及該段內(nèi)容可知，具有特殊用途的機(jī)器與生物有聯(lián)系，部分是因?yàn)檫@種機(jī)器可能會(huì)防止自己被損害。故答案選A。3Accordingtosomeresearchers，wecanusefirewallsto_.AhelpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterBbesecureagainstevilhumanbeingsCkeepmachinesfrombeingharmedDavoidrobotsaffectingtheworld答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Someresearchersarguethatwecanseal.neverallowingthemt

12、oaffecttherealworld”.可知，一些研究者認(rèn)為，我們可以把這些機(jī)器封閉在一種防火墻內(nèi)，用它們來解決難題，但從不允許它們影響真實(shí)世界，故選D項(xiàng)“避免機(jī)器人影響世界”。4Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?AItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.BItwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.CItwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.DItwillstayforadecade.答案：C推理判斷題。由

13、最后一段首句“SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy”.可知，作者認(rèn)為，解決超級(jí)智能機(jī)器的安全問題是可能的，但并非易事。故選C。BModerntechnologyhasastronginfluenceonmanythingswedo.Infact,technologyisshapingalmosteverypartofourday-to-dayexistence,includingeducation.AshokGoelisaprofessorattheGeorgiaInstitu

14、teofTechnology.Everytermover300graduatestudentstakehisclassonartificialintelligence(AI).Thestudentsnevermeetinperson.Alloftheclassestakeplaceonlinethroughawebsite.HavinghundredsofstudentsinaclassmeansAshokGoelhastoanswerthousandsofquestions.Hehaseightteachingassistantstohelphim.Buteventhatisnotenoug

15、htogiveallthestudentsthehelptheyneed.So,inJanuary,hedecidedtotryanexperiment.Atthestartofthespring2016semester,headdedanewmembertohisteachingteam:JillWatson.Shewasabletoanswerquestionsfasterthanmostotherteachingassistants.Andshewasavailable24hoursaday.ItwasonlyattheendofthesemesterthatGoelsstudentsl

16、earnedWatsonssecret:shewasnotarealperson.JillWatsonisanAIcomputerprogram.GoelsaysonlytwostudentscameclosetopredictingWatsonstrueidentity.Hewasworriedabouttellinghisstudentsbecausehethoughttheywouldnotlikebeingpartoftheexperiment.ButoncetheylearnedWatsonsidentity,theybecameveryexcited.“Then,youknowwh

17、athappened?TheynotonlyaskedthatquestionaboutJill，”“IssheanAI?OncetheidentityofJillwasrevealed,theyalsoaskedifIwasanAI，”hesaid.GoelnowusesWatsonintwoclasses,butstilldoesnttellhisstudentswhichofhisteachingassistantsisacomputerprogram.Hehopesthistechnologywillmakeiteasierforteacherstocreatetheirprogram

18、stouseinandoutsidetheclassroom.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。全文主要講述了一個(gè)教授在學(xué)生問問題太多、忙不過來的時(shí)候選擇使用人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)程序來輔助教學(xué)的這樣一件事，告訴讀者科學(xué)技術(shù)能夠使教育變得更容易。5HowdoesGoelgivehisstudentshelp?AThroughbooks.BBywritingtothem.CByface-to-faceteaching.DThroughtheInternet.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Atthestartofthespring2016semester,headdedanewmembertohist

19、eachingteam:JillWatson.”以及后面的“JillWatsonisanAIcomputerprogram.”可知，Goel利用人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)程序，給學(xué)生提供幫助，為他們解答難題。故選D。6WhydidGoeldecidetotryanexperiment?ABecausesomequestionsweredifficultforassitantstoanswer.BBecauseitwashardtoanswersomanystudentsquestions.CBecausehewastootiredtoanswerthosequestions.DBecausehewante

20、dtoimprovestudentsselfstudy-ability.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的前四句可知，因?yàn)橛袔装倜麑W(xué)生問問題，即使有8名助教來幫忙，也很難應(yīng)對(duì)。由此，他決定做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，使用人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)程序。故選B。7WhatsthestudentsresponsetoJillWatson?ABeingsurprised.BBeingindifferent.CBeingexcited.DBeingshocked.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“ButoncetheylearnedWatsonsidentity,theybecameveryexcited”.可知，

21、當(dāng)他們得知了Watson的真實(shí)身份，學(xué)生們變得興奮不已。故選C。8Whatsthebesttitleofthispassage?ATechnologyMakingEducationEasierBAshokGoel,aProfessorShapingEducationCJillWatson,aRealTeachingAssistantDTheInternetHasaStrongImpactonOurLife.答案：A標(biāo)題判斷題。文章主要講述了一個(gè)教授在學(xué)生問問題太多、忙不過來的時(shí)候選擇使用人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)程序來幫忙的這樣一件事說明科學(xué)技術(shù)能夠使教育變得更容易。故選A。.七選五Youaresitti

22、ngonthedesk.Ateacheriswritingontheblackboard.Kidsareyellingintheplaygroundoutside.Abookfallsoffthedesknexttoyou.Suddenly,theteacherhandsyouapopquiz.Dontpanic!_1_Youreina“virtual(虛擬的)classroom”.Everythingyouseeandheariscomingtoyouthroughacomputer-operateddisplaythatyourewearingonyourheadlikeapairofve

23、rybigglasses.Wearingthiskindofvirtual-realityequipment,youcanfindyourselfsittinginaclassroom,touringafamousmuseum,wanderingacrossastrangelandscape,flyingintospace,orplayingwithacartooncharacter._2_Virtual-realityequipmentthatdeliversimagesandsoundsdirectlytoyoureyesandearsmakesthesefakeworldsseemlif

24、elike.Unliketheclassroom,thetechnologyisreal.Itsatypeoftechnologythatusescomputerprogramstoimitaterealworldsituation._3_Moviedirectorsandvideogameproducershavebeenusingcomputersforyearstocreateevermorerealisticspecialeffects.Somecompaniesarenowbuildingthree-dimensional(三維)fantasyworldsinwhichplayers

25、,linkedbycomputernetworks,appeartomeetandgoonexplorationstogether._4_Theyseevirtualrealitytechnologyasausefultoolforlearningmoreaboutwhypeopleactastheydo.Itcouldhelppsychologistsdeteridentifyandcomeupwithsolutionsforbehaviorproblems,forexample.“Wevespentthelast100yearslookingforcertainlawsinhowpeopl

26、einteractwiththerealworld，”sayspsychologistAlbert.5_Thisispsychologistsdream.”AYouarentactuallyinschool.BThistechnologyhasbeenusedinmanyfields.CSomepsychologistsarealsogettingintotheact.DGrown-ups,too,standachanceofbenefitingfromthistechnology.“_EAspartofoneclassictest,youwatchlettersflashedonacompu

27、terscreen.FYoudonthavetoleaveyourroomtoexperienceallthatmentionedabove.GNow,wevegotapowerfultoolthatletsuscreateworldsandseehowpeopleperform.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，講述了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)。虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)可以讓人足不出戶就進(jìn)行各種體驗(yàn)。這種技術(shù)已應(yīng)用在了很多領(lǐng)域，心理學(xué)家們也用這種技術(shù)來解決難題。1A根據(jù)上文“Dontpanic！”及下文“Youreinavirtual(虛擬的)classroom”可知，這一句話應(yīng)該是要解釋為什么不要驚慌。故選A。2F根據(jù)“

28、Wearingthiskindofvirtual-realityequipment,youcanfindyourselfsittinginaclassroom,touringafamousmuseum,wanderingacrossastrangelandscape,flyingintospace,orplayingwithacartooncharacter”.可知，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)裝備可以讓人足不出戶就體驗(yàn)各種情景。故選F。3B根據(jù)“Moviedirectorsandvideogameproducershavebeenusingcomputersforyearstocreateevermorerea

29、listicspecialeffects.Somecompaniesarenowbuildingthree-dimensional(三維)fantasyworldsinwhichplayers,linkedbycomputernetworks,appeartomeetandgoonexplorationstogether”.可知，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)應(yīng)用在了很多領(lǐng)域當(dāng)中。故選B。4C根據(jù)下文“Itcouldhelppsychologistsdeteridentifyandcomeupwithsolutionsforbehaviorproblems,forexample.”可知，“Theyseevirt

30、ualrealitytechnologyasausefultoolforlearningmoreaboutwhypeopleactastheydo”.中的“They”是指心理學(xué)家。故選C。5G根據(jù)“Thisispsychologistsdream”.可知，本處應(yīng)該填心理學(xué)家的夢想。故選G。.語法填空Flyingcarsmaysoonbecomea_1_(real).TherideshareserviceUberhasasked_2_expertfromNASA,theAmericanspaceagency,_3_(help)thecompanydevelopcarsthatcanfly.Ube

31、rplanstouseflyingvehicles_4_thefuturetoavoidtrafficinandaroundcities.Thecompanywantstouseasmall,totallyelectricaircraft,_5_cantakeoffandlandlikeahelicopterontopofparkinggarages.Ubersaiditsflyingvehicleswouldbemuch_6_(quiet),costlesstooperateandproducelesspollutionthanhelicopters.OnepersoninSanFranci

32、scowroteonTwitter(推特),“Iusedtothinkthatflyingcars_7_(be)aridiculousidea._8_IchangedmymindthismorningwhenIsatinaheavytraffic.”AnotherpersonaddedfromMumhai,India,“ImreadingaboutUber_9_(hire)aNASAengineertobuildflyingcars,whileImstuckintraffic.Thereishope.Theexpertpredictstherewillbeseveralearlymodelso

33、fcarsthatcantfly_10_(they)butwithhumanpilotswithinonetothreeyears.1_2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了Uber公司正在研發(fā)飛行汽車，這種汽車操作噪聲小、耗能低、污染少。1reality考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：飛行汽車可能很快成為現(xiàn)實(shí)?？崭袂坝胁欢ü谠~“a”限定，空格處應(yīng)用名詞，因此用所給詞real的名詞形式reality。2an考查冠詞。句意：Uber拼車公司已經(jīng)邀請(qǐng)了一名來自美國航空機(jī)構(gòu)美國航空航天局的專家?guī)椭邪l(fā)一種可飛行的汽車。此處泛指一名專家，且expert的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞an。3tohelp考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。asksb.todosth是.常用短語，意為“要某人做某事”。故填tohelp。4in考查介詞。固定短語inthefuture“在未來，在將來”。故填in。5which考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：Uber公司想利用一種體積小、完全由電力供能的飛行器，這種飛行器能像直升機(jī)一樣在停車場上空起飛和著陸?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞“aircraft”，在從句中作主語。故填which。6quieter考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的連詞“th