職業(yè)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)Unit Seven

1、Unit SevenText AText B能力分析訓(xùn)練Text A1Introduction Logisticsthe movement or flow of people, materials and informationis an important part of any companys business strategy. The term has its origin in things military, and it was not until the last quarter of this century that business organizations bega

2、n to take the subject seriously. Logistics seeks to identify the cheapest way of achieving a given level of availability or service to customers. There five key elements: （1）unitizationthe product or service; （2）facilitieswhere the product or service is made available; （3）communications; （4）inventor

3、y; （5）transportation. Usually reliability and consistency in the level of service are more important than speed. If a promise is made, it must be kept. The speed required depends on the context in which the need has arisen. Electronic data interchange (EDI) involves direct links between computers. E

4、DI is used extensively in integrated logistics information systems. EDI enhances the breadth, timeliness, and quality of data. EDI applies to nearly every aspect of integrated logistics from paperless documentation flows to warehouse management with bar code scanners and radio frequency tags. 2.Elec

5、tronic data interchange (EDI) and integrated logistics Advantages of EDI include cost reductions, productivity gains, faster order cycle times, better focus on the customer, and reduced clerical work, paper, and postage. As goods move, so must information. To move the right goods to the right place

6、at the right time in the right condition with the right documents, the answers to all the “right” questions must be known. Where should the truck driver pick up this shipment? Who should receive this package? How much inventory of an item is in stock and how much should be produced? Where is this sh

7、ipment now? 3Integrated logistics information system (ILIS) The essence of information systems in logistics is the conversion of accurate data into useful information. Integrated Logistics is defined as: the process of anticipating customer needs and wants; acquiring the capital, materials, people,

8、technologies, and information necessary to meet those needs and wants; optimizing the goods-or-service-producing network to fulfill customer requests; and utilizing the network to fulfill customer requests in a timely way. Defining the Integrated Logistics Information System (ILIS)An integrated logi

9、stics information system can be defined as: the involvement of people, equipment, and procedures required to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and then distribute needed information to appropriate decision-makers in a timely and accurate manner so they can make quality logistics decisions.Notes 1The

10、challenge is to achieve the requisite availability through trade-offs between each element. 這里的to achieve the requisite availability through trade-offs between each element是不定式短語(yǔ)，做句子的表語(yǔ)。 句子的基本句型：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)，但從時(shí)態(tài)上來(lái)講應(yīng)屬于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。 本句譯為：目前的挑戰(zhàn)是通過(guò)權(quán)衡每一個(gè)要素來(lái)達(dá)到要求的效果。 2But if the fashion does catch hold, the supplier

11、needs to now as quickly as possible, to allow him or her to find and deliver more items to retail stores. 這里的the fashion does catch hold.，是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法。例如： We do need your help. 我們確實(shí)需要你的幫助。 本句譯為：然而，時(shí)尚一旦流行起來(lái)，供應(yīng)商就應(yīng)該盡快知曉這一信息，找到并運(yùn)送更多的貨物到零售商店。 3The additional items can seldom come by the cheapest form of trans

12、port or they will arrive too late, nor can they be made far away by the cheapest source unless high-cost transport is used such as air freight. 這里的.,nor can they be made far away by the cheapest source unless high-cost transport is used such as air freight.屬于倒裝句型。 一般否定詞或帶有否定意義的短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，要倒裝，如hardly、ne

13、ver、rarely、seldom等。 例如：Rarely would any of us stand up and show the world who we are. 我們無(wú)法站出來(lái)向世界證明自己。 Little did he realize that he had made a serious mistake in the experiment. 他還沒意識(shí)到自己在實(shí)驗(yàn)中犯了嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。 本句譯為：這些新加貨物通常不使用最便宜的交通工具運(yùn)輸，否則就會(huì)到得太遲。 又不能用最便宜的原料在較遠(yuǎn)的地方生產(chǎn)，除非使用諸如空運(yùn)這種高成本的運(yùn)輸方式。Text B As known well, each

14、 activities of tradition logistics has huge impact to the environment, such as the exhaust gas in transportation; dust pollution in loading and unloading. The new concept, green logistics, comes from the requirement of the sustainable development of economic, in order to change the one-way relations

15、hip between economic developing and logistics; and to restrain the impact of logistics for the environment. Green logistics means: using the advanced logistics technology and operating the transportation, storage, packaging, loading & unloading, and distribution process, in order to reduce the pollu

16、tion to the environment, and the consumption of natural resource. Green logistics is meaningful: First, it is the requirement of the sustainable development of economic and the globalization; Secondly, it is the inevitable road to reduce the operate cost maximally; and the last but not the least, it

17、 can help an enterprise to gain the compResearch Reduce Reuse Recycle Rescue etitive advantage. To build a green logistics system needs to integrate six parts of logistics activities: （1）green transportation Green transportation refers to reducing the pollution of exhaust gas, noise, trying to save

18、the building and maintaining fee of transportation. （2）green warehousing and storage Green warehousing and storage means to use scientific warehousing and storage strategy and methods, in order to avoid the damage of goods and reduce the pollution to the environment. （3）green loading and unloading G

19、reen loading and unloading is to use modern equipment and methods and try to reduce the dust, mist pollution when loading and unloading （4）green packaging Green packaging requires an appropriate package which is recycle and reused without any harmfulness and damage to the human being and environment

20、. （5）green distribution process （6）green logistics management Green logistics management require the enterprise to take the environment protection mind set into enterprise operation in each level, each procedure and so on. The mind set can be summarized as “5R”: Research Reduce Reuse Recycle RescueN

21、otes 1The new concept, green logistics, comes from the requirement of the sustainable development of economic, in order to change the one-way relationship between economic developing and logistics; and to restrain the impact of logistics for the environment. 這里的in order to引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語(yǔ)，而不定式短語(yǔ)to change th

22、e one-way relationship between economic developing and logistics 通過(guò)and與不定式短語(yǔ)to restrain the impact of logistics for the environment相并列。 本句譯為：綠色物流，作為一個(gè)新的概念，來(lái)自于經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求，是為了改變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和物流的單邊關(guān)系，和控制物流對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。 2Green logistics means: using the advanced logistics technology and operating the transportation, s

23、torage, packaging, loading & unloading, and distribution process, in order to reduce the pollution to the environment, and the consumption of natural resource. 這里的有多個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)using the advanced logistics technology and operating the transportation, storage, packaging, loading & unloading, and distributi

24、on process都做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞mean的賓語(yǔ)；in order to 引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語(yǔ)，而the pollution to the environment和the consumption of natural resource都做reduce的賓語(yǔ)。 本句譯為：綠色物流是指以降低對(duì)環(huán)境的污染，減少資源消耗為目標(biāo)，利用先進(jìn)物流技術(shù)和實(shí)施運(yùn)輸，存儲(chǔ)，包裝，裝卸搬運(yùn)，流通加工等物流活動(dòng)。 3First, it is the requirement of the sustainable development of economic and the globalization 句中用of表示所屬關(guān)系

25、。一般來(lái)講，A of B的結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)翻譯成B的A；而A of B of C，則應(yīng)翻譯為C的B的A。 本句譯為：首先，綠色物流是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求 4To build a green logistics system needs to integrate six parts of logistics activities: 這里的不定式短語(yǔ)To build a green logistics system做句子的主語(yǔ)。 一般在強(qiáng)調(diào)目的、目標(biāo)時(shí)主語(yǔ)往往用不定式短語(yǔ)來(lái)表現(xiàn)。 如：To study English well is our important task. 本句譯為：要建立一個(gè)綠色

26、物流體系需要整合六個(gè)方面的物流活動(dòng)。 5Green loading and unloading is to use modern equipment and methods and try to reduce the dust, mist pollution when loading and unloading. 這里的不定式短語(yǔ)to use modern equipment and methods and try to reduce the dust, mist pollution做句子的表語(yǔ)。 句子中出現(xiàn)be to do的形式在時(shí)態(tài)上歸屬于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。 如：These clothes are

27、 to be washed. 本句譯為：綠色裝卸搬運(yùn)是指為減少裝卸搬運(yùn)過(guò)程環(huán)節(jié)的粉塵煙霧等污染物而采取的現(xiàn)代化的裝卸搬運(yùn)手段和措施。ExercisesTrue or false 1As known well, each activities of tradition logistics has insignificant impact to the environment, such as the exhaust gas in transportation; dust pollution in loading and unloading. 2The new concept, green log

28、istics, comes from the requirement of customers, in order to change the one-way relationship between manufactures and customers; and to restrain the impact of logistics for the environment. 3To build a green logistics system needs to integrate four parts of logistics activities. 4Green transportatio

29、n refers to reducing the pollution of exhaust gas, noise, trying to save the building and maintaining fee of transportation. 5Green logistics management require the enterprise to take the environment protection mind set into enterprise operation in each level, each procedure and so on. 6The mind set

30、 can be summarized as “5R”: Research, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Repay. 1As known well, each activities of tradition logistics has huge impact to the environment, such as the in transportation; in .Put in the missing information based on the text 2Green logistics means: using the advanced l technolo

31、gy and operating the t , storage, p , loading & unloading, and d process, in order to reduce the pollution to the environment, and the c of natural resource. 3Secondly, it is the inevitable road to reduce the operate cost m ; and the last but not the least, it can help an enterprise to gain the c a

32、. 4Green transportation refers to reducing the p of e g , noise, trying to save the building and m fee of transportation. 5Green loading and unloading is to use modern equipment and methods and try to reduce the d , m pollution when l and u . 6Green packaging require an a package which is r , r and

33、without any harmfulness and damage to the human being and environment. 7To build a green logistics system needs to integrate six parts of logistics activities: , , , , , .能力分析訓(xùn)練Skills of UnderstandingSkills of Translation Skills of Business E-mail Writing Skills of Oral Language in Working Condition

34、 Skills of Understanding提高閱讀理解的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn) 為了提高閱讀理解能力，同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲩喿x理解時(shí)，就要在以下幾個(gè)方面下工夫： （一）要注意養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀心理。閱讀時(shí)要去掉雜念，心緒要安定，精神要專一，要形成一種愜意的順向心理。 造成大腦皮層的優(yōu)勢(shì)興奮。 切不可一遇到幾個(gè)生詞難句，就心煩意亂，失去自控能力。 心理學(xué)家告訴我們，任何恐慌，過(guò)分緊張的情緒都會(huì)形成一種消極因素妨礙大腦的正常思維功能。 因此，遇到困難一定要從容不迫，心無(wú)旁騖。 這樣才能對(duì)所讀的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。 （二）要提高視讀的速度?？奸喿x理解，從另一個(gè)方面來(lái)說(shuō)，考的是速度。 慢讀是不行的。 因此做閱讀理解時(shí)

35、，要注意培養(yǎng)自己快速閱讀的習(xí)慣。 閱讀時(shí)眼球總是不斷地移動(dòng)停頓移動(dòng)著。 理解是在“眼?！钡乃查g進(jìn)行的。 我們要使眼睛停留的時(shí)間相對(duì)增加，就要擴(kuò)大視讀的廣度，把逐詞逐句的點(diǎn)式閱讀變成一次掃描一句的線式閱讀，并且把看到的東西迅速報(bào)告給大腦，形成眼和腦較快的反應(yīng)能力。 切不可在個(gè)別難懂的詞句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，個(gè)別難懂的詞句可以根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法去猜測(cè)，去推斷。 （三）閱讀時(shí)要注意培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感。所謂語(yǔ)感是指人們對(duì)語(yǔ)言中詞語(yǔ)搭配及句型結(jié)構(gòu)的熟練程度。 語(yǔ)感好的人，理解力就強(qiáng)，視讀的速度就快。 閱讀時(shí)要留心詞語(yǔ)的搭配，即慣用法。 必要時(shí)可用筆劃一劃或記下來(lái)。 讀完每一篇文章，都應(yīng)總結(jié)歸納一下，積累了多少

36、單詞，慣用法和句型，這樣語(yǔ)感自然就會(huì)好起來(lái)。 （四）讀完一篇文章后，要回味一下文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)、中心思想、人物事件，對(duì)論點(diǎn)論據(jù)要做到心中有數(shù)。 不清楚的地方可以再看幾次。 要留心關(guān)鍵詞句，注意弦外之音。 對(duì)文章的評(píng)價(jià)分析，一定要堅(jiān)持“詞不離句，句不離篇”，要理解文章作者的原意，而不能按你自己的意愿去想當(dāng)然。切記：一想當(dāng)然，就會(huì)出錯(cuò)。 如果文章太長(zhǎng)，可以先把文章后面的問(wèn)題看一遍，帶著問(wèn)題去看文章。 這樣可以幫助你去掉雜念，提高閱讀速度和解題的正確性。 要善于找出關(guān)鍵句，特別要注意，文章的第一段和最后一段的頭一句話往往就是關(guān)鍵句，可以幫助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主題。 此外，還應(yīng)該細(xì)讀文章，因?yàn)?/p>

37、有時(shí)的試題是考細(xì)節(jié)。 可以邊讀邊用鉛筆做點(diǎn)標(biāo)記，把有關(guān)的人物、事件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因即5個(gè)W劃出來(lái)。 凡是遇到人物就圈起來(lái)，看完一數(shù)，有幾個(gè)圈就是幾個(gè)人，一目了然。 要求學(xué)生在6分鐘內(nèi)完成下面的閱讀理解及相關(guān)的選擇題目 When you think of software, you probably think of application programs. They support end-user functions, allowing people to perform such tasks as playing a game, writing a paper, laying out（

38、設(shè)計(jì)）a spreadsheet（電子表格）, or generating paychecks（付薪金用的支票）. Exercises of Such Skill Another type of software, called system software, perform its assigned（分配的,指派的）tasks behind the scenes. An excellent example is the operating system found on most computers. An operating system serves as an interface,

39、bridging the gap between hardware and application software. Thus, as we move from hardware to software, its appropriate that we consider the operating system first. What exactly does an operating system do? Basically, it performs a number of support functions. For example, picture an application pro

40、gram stored on disk. Before the program can be executed, it must first be copied into main memory, because the program that controls a computer must be in main memory. The process of copying a program from disk to memory involves considerable（重要的、很多的）logic. The source of a computers logic is softwar

41、e. Thus, if the application program is to be loaded（裝入,裝載）, there must be a program in memory to control the loading process. That program is the operating system. Perhaps the best known microcomputer OS is MS-DOS, developed by Microsoft Corporation for the IBM-PC and compatible（兼容的）machines. It has

42、 become an industry standard. Microsoft Windows is a system software that works hand in hand With MS-DOS to create what is commonly called a graphical operating environment, or graphical user interface (GUI). Working with your computer in this environment offers（提供）many advantages over working with

43、it in “normal” MS-DOS. Here are some of those advantages: Windows replaces the DOD commands. Windows makes more efficient use of all your computers memory and provides a standard mechanism（機(jī)構(gòu)，機(jī)制）for copying or moving information from one program to another. Windows also includes a facility called dy

44、namic data exchange（交換）(DDE)that allows certain programs to exchange information automatically. In short, Windows is a system software that makes your computer easier to use, allowing you to be more productive（生產(chǎn)的，多產(chǎn)的）and get the maximum（最大）value from your hardware and software investment（投資）. （1）Wh

45、ich of the following is wrong? AApplication programs bridge the gap between hardware and application software. BApplication programs can support end-user functions. CApplication programs allow people to play a game, write a paper, lay out a spreadsheet or generate paychecks. DSystem software perform

46、s its tasks behind the scenes. （2）Which of the systems should we consider first when we move from hardware to software? AMenu. BApplication programs. CFile systems. DOperating systems. （3）Whats the source of a computers logic? AHardware. BMain memory. CSoftware. DDisk. （4）Which of the following is i

47、ncorrect? AMicrosoft Windows is a hardware system. BMicrosoft Windows works hand in hand with MS-DOS. CMicrosoft Windows creates a graphical operating environment. DMicrosoft Windows creates a graphical user interface. （5）Which of the following isnt the advantage of windows? AIt can replace the DOS

48、command. BIt lets you run one program at a time. CIt allows certain programs to exchange information automatically. DIt serves as an interface between the user and the software.Skills of Translation定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯 定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯是英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句翻譯中的一大難點(diǎn)。 在翻譯定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，以下幾種處理手法較為常見，且很實(shí)用。 把英語(yǔ)限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯成帶“的”的定語(yǔ)詞組，放在被修飾詞之前，從而將復(fù)合句譯成漢語(yǔ)單句

49、。 例如：There will come a day when computers will enter every household of the country. 計(jì)算機(jī)走進(jìn)每個(gè)家庭的一天是會(huì)到來(lái)的。 Objects that do not transfer light cause shadows. 不透光的物體會(huì)造成陰影。1前置譯法譯成帶“的”的短語(yǔ) 當(dāng)英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜時(shí)，譯成漢語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)顯得太長(zhǎng)而又不符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣時(shí)，往往可以譯成后置的并列分句。例如： There are also great advantages that come from the variety o

50、f culture brought by settlers from other lands. 移民從各地帶來(lái)了多種文化，也產(chǎn)生了極大的好處。 A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一種物質(zhì)，在適當(dāng)溫度下能夠燃燒并放出熱量。 2后置譯法譯成后置的并列分句 融合法是將原句中的主句和定語(yǔ)從句融合在一起譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立句子的翻譯方法。 由于限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句關(guān)系密切，所以融合法比較適用于翻譯限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 英語(yǔ)中的There be句型譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)往往采用這種方法。 3融

51、合譯法將主句與定語(yǔ)從句融合成一體 This is the way that Americans themselves become familiar with one another. 美國(guó)人自己也是這樣相識(shí)的。 In countries where people remain in one town or city for most of their lives, the social customs are quite different. 有些國(guó)家的人民幾乎終生未離開一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)，所以社會(huì)風(fēng)俗頗為不同。 英語(yǔ)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞不起限制作用，只對(duì)它加以描寫、敘述或解釋。 翻譯這類定語(yǔ)從句

52、時(shí)，往往定語(yǔ)從句譯成獨(dú)立句。 John, whose wife is ill, cannot come to the party. 約翰不能來(lái)參加聚會(huì)，他妻子病了。 He had talked to Vice-President Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和副總統(tǒng)尼克松談過(guò)話。 副總統(tǒng)向他擔(dān)保，凡是能夠做到的都竭盡全力去做。 4獨(dú)立譯法多用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 按要求將下列句子譯成漢語(yǔ)。 1He was an old man who hunted wild animals a

53、ll his life in the mountains.（前置譯法） 2I went round the village saying good-by to the simple folk who had become my friends.（前置譯法） 3Man cannot live on the moon, where there is no air and water.（后置譯法）Exercises of Such Skill 4Metal has many useful properties, of which strength is the most important.（后置譯

54、法） 5Her hair is the same color as her mothers.（融合譯法） 6Whats the time you usually go to bed?（融合譯法） 7She has two brothers, who are both doctors.（獨(dú)立譯法） 8We will put off the party until next week, when we wont be so busy.（獨(dú)立譯法）Skills of Business E-mail Writing用郵件發(fā)起邀約 Sometimes we write E-mails to make a

55、ppointments. This kind of message is often not very formal, but politeness is still required. Please read the following sample E-mails. 有些時(shí)候我們通過(guò)E-mail來(lái)發(fā)起邀約。 這類信息一般不是非常正式，但是也需要注意禮貌。 首先來(lái)閱讀下面的電子郵件范文。From: JTo: TCc:BCC:Subject: Appointment Confirmation.Date: Sat, Mar 19, 2009AConfirming an appointment確認(rèn)約會(huì)Dear Teddy, I would like to confirm（確認(rèn)）that we will meet at the meeting room at