專八英譯漢翻譯技巧解讀

1、專八英譯漢翻譯技巧解讀考試須知時(shí)間分布：60 mins (E2C) + (C2E)文章類型：短文翻譯/文章節(jié)選題量大?。?50-200字分值比例：共20分，各占10分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)優(yōu)秀作品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)9-10分翻譯能夠忠實(shí)地再現(xiàn)原文，在詞匯、句法、標(biāo)點(diǎn)或拼寫上無錯(cuò)誤或者錯(cuò)誤很小1-2個(gè)，能夠充分再現(xiàn)原文的風(fēng)格和口吻，文筆優(yōu)雅，選詞得當(dāng)，句式多變。良好作品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)7-8分翻譯能夠再現(xiàn)原文大意，在理解單詞、短語、句子和觀點(diǎn)時(shí)幾乎沒有重大的錯(cuò)誤。翻譯俱備可讀性，清晰、流暢、連貫。及格作品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)5-6分翻譯足夠充分地再現(xiàn)原文大意，在理解單詞、短語、句子和觀點(diǎn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)局部較大錯(cuò)誤，行文整體上可讀。較差作品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)3-4分翻譯僅能

2、再現(xiàn)原文一半的大意，在理解單詞、短語、句子和觀點(diǎn)時(shí)頻繁出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，行文局部可讀。很差作品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1-2分翻譯所再現(xiàn)的原文大意不及一半，幾乎所有的句子在理解單詞、短語、句子和觀點(diǎn)時(shí)均存在錯(cuò)誤，行文幾乎不可讀。拆分重組根本原那么：1. 主干與從句拆分2. 主干與其他修飾成分拆分長句拆分五步走宏觀拆分微觀拆分第一步：看標(biāo)點(diǎn)：逗號(hào)，冒號(hào)：破折號(hào)分號(hào)；第二步：看從句引導(dǎo)詞：“wh-所有 + how/that第三步：看連詞： and, but, or, yet第四步：看非謂語動(dòng)詞：to do, doing第五步：看介詞：on, in, for, of, at, with名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系連詞+關(guān)系代詞+關(guān)系

3、副詞關(guān)系連詞：that, whether/if關(guān)系代詞：what, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why, how主語從句根本構(gòu)造：引導(dǎo)詞+從句+謂語+其他成份What he told me is only a lie.Where we can begin the journey is a question.Whether he comes or not makes no difference.形式主語根本構(gòu)造It + 系動(dòng)詞+ 形容詞/名詞短語+引導(dǎo)詞+從句/to do sthIt is no surprise that our team

4、won the game.我們的球隊(duì)能夠贏得比賽實(shí)在缺乏為奇。It seems unbelievable that pilot could survive the crash.飛行員能夠從墜機(jī)中幸存似乎是難以置信。While comment and reaction from the lawyers may enhance the stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own their own notion of significance and make their own judgment.While com

5、ment and reaction from the lawyers may enhance the stories,/ it is preferable for journalists /【to rely on their own their own notion of significance /and make their own judgment.】When flying over Nepal, its easy to soar in your imagination and pretend youre tiny-a butterfly and drifting above one o

6、f those three-dimensional topographical maps architects use, the circling contour lines replaced by the terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge.When flying over Nepal, / its easy 【to soar in your imagination and pretend youre tiny-a butterfly】 / and drifting above one of those three-dime

7、nsional topographical maps 【architects use】, / the circling contour lines replaced by the terraced rice paddies / 【that surround each high ridge.】賓語從句根本構(gòu)造：主語+謂語+引導(dǎo)詞+從句Can you hear what I say?I dont know that he swam across the river. I dont know how he swam across the river.He has informed me when t

8、hey are to discuss my proposal.形式賓語構(gòu)造：主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)引導(dǎo)詞+從句/to do Environment where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life.表語從句：主語+系動(dòng)詞+引導(dǎo)詞+從句 Weather seems that it is going to rain. That is why we are late for the meeting. The question remains whether we can win the fina

9、l game. His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.同位語從句：We know the fact that the earth is round.判斷：1. 在名詞后，名詞為抽象名詞。2. 找到從句引導(dǎo)詞。3. 蓋上引導(dǎo)詞，看從句是否完整。belief信念，信仰, fact事實(shí), hope希望, idea主意，觀點(diǎn), doubt猜疑，質(zhì)疑, news消息, rumor謠言, conclusion結(jié)論, evidence證據(jù), suggestion意見, problem問題

10、, decision決策, discovery重大發(fā)現(xiàn), explanation借口，解釋, information信息, knowledge知識(shí)，見聞, order命令，秩序, law法律, opinion觀點(diǎn), truth真相，事實(shí), promise許諾，諾言, report報(bào)告, thought想法，主意，思想, statement聲明，陳述, rule法規(guī)，制度, possibility可能性，theory理論，assumption 假設(shè)，假想，charge指責(zé)Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, W

11、horf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. 【Being interested in the relationship of language and thought,】 / Whorf developed the idea / 【that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought / in many societ

12、y.】 Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control themScientists jumped to the rescue /with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect /【that insects would eat us up /if birds failed to control them】定語從句標(biāo)志：

13、跟在名詞之后，從句修飾名詞。先行詞物體關(guān)系代詞：which, thatPuma is the animal which is found in America.先行詞人關(guān)系代詞: who, whom, whoseThis is the girl whom I like.關(guān)系副詞： when, where, whyI cant forget the day when I met my girlfriend.前置法：The man who never taste bitterness doesnt know what sweat is. 譯文：沒吃過苦的人不知道什么是甜。He adds humbl

14、y that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.He adds humbly / that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things /which easily escape attention, /and in observing them carefully.后置法：

15、I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 譯文：我把這個(gè)故事告訴給了約翰，約翰把它告訴了他弟弟。The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.The Greeks assumed / that the struc

16、ture of language had some connection with the process of thought, / which took root in Europe long before people realized / how diverse languages could be.During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugsAs fields are burned and contraband (

17、違禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplaceDuring recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugsAs fields are burned and contraband (違禁品) confiscated, /

18、 the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point /where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace.融合法： Downstairs there is a man who wants to see you. 譯文：樓下有人想見你。In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together televisi

19、on, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: / groups /which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses /that work in relation to one another

20、.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.In fact, it is difficult / to see /how journalists /who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Consti

21、tution /can do a competent job on political stories.In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.In Europe, /where forestry is ecologically more advanced, /the non

22、-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, /to be preserved as such, within reason. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜總會(huì),酒吧等保安人員) (not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses) n

23、ow retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behavior - or their drinking Some college students /who previously drank in bars and lounges /under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜總會(huì),酒吧等保安人員) (not to mention owners eager to keep their l

24、iquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, / where they no longer control their behavior - or their drinking狀譯法譯成時(shí)間狀語The driver who is driving bus mustnt talk with other or mind-absent.譯成原因狀語He showed no wish for the conversation with Ms Smith, who was no

25、w more than usually disagreeable. 譯成條件狀語Men becomes desperate for works, any works, which will help them to keep alive.譯成讓步狀語He insists on buying that house which had no use for.譯成目的狀語He wishes to write an novel that will attract far more public attention.譯成結(jié)果狀語He tried to crack down revolt which sp

26、read more furiously throughout the country.被動(dòng)語態(tài)一：主賓顛倒 She was given a new pen by her father. 譯文：她的父親送給她一桿新的鋼筆 原文賓語主語， 原文主語賓語。有by被動(dòng)However, too many of the worlds leaders are still best described in the words of Churchill applied to those who ignored Hitlers threat.However, / too many of the worlds l

27、eaders are still best described / in the words of Churchill applied to those / who ignored Hitlers threat. 二：增加主語 The problem has not yet been solved. 譯文：人們尚未徹底解決這個(gè)問題。 增加模糊主語“我們“有人“大家Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 911, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smalle

28、r, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.2007Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. /Still, 911, avian flu, / and Iran remind us / that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.2007State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking a

29、ge back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence三：無主句Water can be shown as containing impurity.譯文：可以證明，水含有雜質(zhì)。Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from

30、spreading quickly.譯文：已經(jīng)采取相關(guān)措施來預(yù)防傳染病快速蔓延。But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical. But, as has been true in many other cases, / when they were at last married, / the most ideal of situa

31、tions was found to have been changed to the most practical. 四：漢語被動(dòng)A school boy was knocked down by a bus when crossing the street.譯文：學(xué)生在過馬路時(shí)，被一輛中巴撞倒了。增加漢語被動(dòng)詞“被“由“給“遭 五：“It + be + done + that構(gòu)造： It should be pointed out that his plan seems too important. 譯文：我們應(yīng)該指出他的方案似乎更重要。 復(fù)原人稱主語“人們“我們“大家It may be s

32、aid that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive.It may be said / that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, / but th

33、is effect is not a part of its original motive.倒裝構(gòu)造1. 全部倒裝構(gòu)造 正常語序：主語+謂語+其他成分 An old man sits under the tree. 倒裝語序：其他成分+謂語+主語 Under the tree sits an old man.I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May; that it was Easter Sunday，and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing，as it seemed to me

34、，at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation，but exalted, as was usual，and solemnized by the power of dreams. (2021)2. 局部倒裝構(gòu)造1否認(rèn)詞句首倒裝Never, By no means, No longer, In no account, Not onlybut, Neither, Nor, He can not only spea

35、k English, but also speak French.Not only can he speak English, but also speak French.2含有否認(rèn)意味的詞 Hardly, Seldom, Scarcely, Rarely, Little, FewI seldom read book before going to bedSeldom do I read books before going to bed.二：“Only + 狀語倒裝：Only + 時(shí)間狀語-We can only see stars at night.-Only at night can we see stars.Only + 地點(diǎn)狀語-We have bought only this kind of car in big city.-Only in big city have we bought this kind of car.Only + 原因狀語-We can only