《診斷學(xué)》課程教學(xué)大綱(五年制英文班臨床醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè))教學(xué)文案

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。診斷學(xué)課程教學(xué)大綱(五年制英文班臨床醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè))-OutlineofDiagnostics課程名稱：Diagnostics授課專業(yè)：五年制英文班臨床醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)學(xué)分與學(xué)時(shí)：理論課66學(xué)時(shí)，見習(xí)課68學(xué)時(shí)理論課教學(xué)內(nèi)容及基本要求Introduction【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1TomasterthebasiccontentsofDiagnostics掌握診斷學(xué)的基本內(nèi)容2Tounderstandthewaysoflearning理解診斷學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)方法【Instructioncontent

2、s教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1DefinitionofDiagnostics診斷學(xué)的定義2TheimportanceoflearningDiagnostics學(xué)習(xí)診斷學(xué)的重要性3BasiccontentsofDiagnostics診斷學(xué)的基本內(nèi)容4Thewaysoflearning學(xué)習(xí)方法【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】0.5hour，0.5小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,multiplemediapresenting,講授,多媒體Historycollection(Inquisition)病史采集【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Tomasterthec

3、ontentsofinquistion掌握問診的內(nèi)容2Tounderstandtheinquisitionskill理解問診技巧【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】generaldata,chiefcomplaint,historyofthepresentillness,pasthistory,reviewofsystems,personalhistory,Maritalhistory,Menstrualandreproductivehistory=9*GB3familyhistory.一般項(xiàng)目主訴現(xiàn)病史既往史系統(tǒng)回顧個(gè)人史婚姻史月經(jīng)和生育史家族史【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】1.

4、5hour，1.5小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,multiplemediapresenting,case-presenting講授，多媒體，臨床實(shí)習(xí)Historyrecord病史記錄【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1.Tomasterhowtomakeahistoryrecord掌握怎樣記錄病史2.Tounderstandthebasicrequirementforthehistoryrecord理解病史記錄的基本要求【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】（一）Outlineofcaserecord病史記錄提綱1.Biog

5、raphicaldata一般資料2.chiefcomplaint主訴3.Historyofpresentillness(HPI)現(xiàn)病史4.Pasthistory(PH)既往史6.Personalhistory個(gè)人史7.Maritalhistory婚姻史8.Menstrualhistory(forfemalepatients)月經(jīng)史9.Childbearing(reproductive)history生育史10.Familyhistory(FH)家族史11.Physicalexamination(PE)體格檢查12.Laboratorytestsandinstrumentalexaminatio

6、n實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查和儀器檢查13.Primarydiagnosis初步診斷（二）Exampleofcaserecord病歷示范【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】2hours，2小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,powerpointshowing,case-presenting講授,多媒體，臨床實(shí)習(xí)Commonsymptoms常見癥狀Fever發(fā)熱【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Tomasterthetypeoffeverandclinicalclassification掌握發(fā)熱的類型和臨床分類2Tounderstandthemechanismoff

7、everandetiology理解發(fā)熱的機(jī)制和病因【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1Physiology生理機(jī)制2Mechanismoffever發(fā)熱的機(jī)制3Etiology病因4Clinicalclassification:臨床分類5Clinicalmanifestation臨床癥狀6Typeoffever熱型（1）Continuous(continued)fever稽留熱（2）Remittentfever弛張熱（3）Intermittent(periodic)fever周期性發(fā)熱（4）Undulantfever波狀熱（5）Relapsing(recurrent)fever

8、間歇熱（6）Irregularfever不規(guī)則發(fā)熱7Symptomsandsignsoffever發(fā)熱的癥狀和體征【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】2hour2小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,multiplemediapresenting,講授,多媒體Abdominalpain腹痛【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Tomasterthecontentsofabdominalpain掌握腹痛的內(nèi)容2Tounderstandthesignificanceofabdominalpain了解腹痛的意義【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】

9、1Inquisitiontechnique問診技巧2Contentsofinquisitionforabdominalpain腹痛問診的內(nèi)容（1）Whereisthepainlocated?(Site)疼痛的部位?（2）Wheredoesthepainradiateto(referredpain),ordoesitoriginateelsewhereandmovetotheabdomen?疼痛放射到哪里?或疼痛原發(fā)于別的部位然后轉(zhuǎn)移至腹部?（3）wharkindofpainisit?(Character)疼痛的性質(zhì)?（4）Howseverisit?(Severity)疼痛的程度?（5）What

10、othersymptomsaccompanythepain?疼痛伴隨哪些癥狀?（6）Whatfactorsbringitabout?什麼原因?qū)е绿弁吹陌l(fā)生?（7）Whatfactorscausereliefofpain?(AggravatingandRelievingfactors)什麼原因可減輕疼痛?（8）Inchronicabdominalpaininquireaboutthepatientsday.慢性腹痛的病人要問診疼痛時(shí)間（9）Againinchronicpainitisusefultoinquireabouttheperiodicityofthepain.慢性腹痛的病人問診疼痛的周

11、期性3ClinicalSignificance臨床意義【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】2hours2小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,multiplemediapresenting，講授，多媒體Cough,sputumproductionanddyspnea咳嗽,咳痰和呼吸困難【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Tomasterthecausesandmechanismofsputumproductionanddyspnea掌握痰液產(chǎn)生和呼吸西困難的機(jī)制和原因2Tounderstandtheclinicalsignificanceofsputu

12、manddyspnea理解痰液產(chǎn)生和呼吸西困難的臨床表現(xiàn)【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1Definitionofcoughanddyspnea咳嗽和呼吸困難的定義2Causesandmechanism病因和機(jī)制respiratorydisorders呼吸疾病pleuraldiseases胸膜疾病cardiovasculardisorders心血管疾病centralnervoussystemdisorders中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病3Sputumproduction痰液產(chǎn)生Transudates漏出液Exudates滲出液Mucus黏液Dustsaspirated吸入灰塵Infrac

13、tedtissues壞死組織4Causesandsignificanceofdyspnea呼吸困難的病因和臨床表現(xiàn)【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】2hours教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)2小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,powerpointshowing,case-presenting講授,幻燈片,病例分析CHAPTER1.Basicmethodsforphysicalexamination體檢的基本方法【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Tomasterthebasicmethodsofphysicalexamination掌握體格檢查的基本方法2Tounde

14、rstandthesignificanceofthesephysicalexamination理解體格檢查的意義【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1Inspection:thedefinitionofinspectionandgivesomeexamples視診:視診的定義并舉例2Palpation:thedefinitionofpalpationandthekindsofpalpation,tomasterthemaneuverofpalpationandtheirsignificance.觸診:觸診的定義和分類,掌握觸診的方法和意義3Percussion:thedefini

15、tionofpercussionandthekindsofpercussion,tomasterthemaneuverandthedifferentsoundsproducedbypercussion.叩診：叩診的定義和分類,掌握叩診的方法和意義4Auscultation:thedefinitionandthesignificanceofauscultation.Knowhowtousestethoscope.聽診:聽診的定義意義.掌握怎樣使用聽診器5Olfactoryexamination:knowsomespecialodorsthatcouldprovidevaluablecluesin

16、clinic.嗅診：掌握一些在臨床上提供有意義線索的特殊氣味.【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】2hours2小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,powerpointshowing講授,幻燈片CHAPTER2.Generalexamination一般檢查【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Tomasterthebasicmethodsandthecontentsofgeneralexamination掌握一般檢查的基本方法和內(nèi)容2Tomastermeasurementofthetemperature,bloodpressureandexaminat

17、ionofsequenceandmaneuveroflymphnodes掌握體溫測(cè)量,血壓測(cè)量的方法和淋巴結(jié)檢查的順序和方法3Tounderstandthesignificanceofthephysicalexaminationandmasterthenormalandabnormalsignsandclinicalsignificance理解體格檢查的意義,掌握正常和異常體征及臨床意義【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】Vitalsigns:thenormalrangeandabnormalconditionsofTemperature,Bloodpressure,Pulse,

18、Respiration.Tomastermeasurementofthetemperature,bloodpressure.生命體征：正常范圍,體溫血壓,脈搏,呼吸的異常情況.掌握體溫血壓的測(cè)量方法Sex：knowsomesex-relateddiseasesuchashemophilia,systemiclupuserythematous.性別：知道哪些性別相關(guān)性疾病,如血友病,系統(tǒng)猩紅斑狼瘡Age年齡Developmentandhabitus:knowthejudgmentsaboutthenormaldevelopmentandthreetypesofhabitus.發(fā)育和姿勢(shì):掌握正常

19、發(fā)育和三種姿勢(shì)Nutrition:howtojudgethestateofnutrition.營(yíng)養(yǎng):怎樣判定營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)Stateofconsciousness:thedefinitionoftheSomnolence,Confusion,Stupor,Coma.意識(shí)狀態(tài):嗜睡,昏睡,木僵和昏迷的定義Positionandposture:thethreetypesofpositionincludingactiveposition,passivepositionandcompulsiveposition.體位和體態(tài):主動(dòng)體位,被動(dòng)體位,強(qiáng)迫體位Gait步態(tài)Facial(features)charac

20、teristics:knowtheabnormalsignandclinicalsignificanceaboutthefacial面容特征:掌握異常面容的體征和臨床意義如急性面容,慢性面容,肝病面容,甲狀腺功能減低面容,滿月臉,二尖瓣面容featuresuchasAcutefacialfeature,Chronicfacialfeature,Hepaticface,Hyperthyroidismface,Moonface,Mitralface.Skin:tomasterthedefinitionofspiderangiomaanditsclinicalsignificance.皮膚:掌握蜘蛛

21、痣的定義和臨床意義Edema:thedefinitionandkindsofedemaanditssignificance.水腫:水腫的定義和意義Subcutaneousnodulesandhair皮下結(jié)節(jié)和毛發(fā)Lymphaticnode:tomasterexaminationofsequenceandmaneuveroflymphnode.Significanceoflymphaticnodeifbepalpated.淋巴結(jié):掌握淋巴結(jié)檢查順序和方法,可觸到的淋巴結(jié)的意義【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】2hours2小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,power

22、pointshowing講授,幻燈片CHAPTER3.Headandneck頭頸【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Tomasterthemethodsandthecontentsofheadandneckexamination掌握頭頸檢查的方法和內(nèi)容2Tomasterthesignificanceofthephysicalexamination:especiallymeasurementofsequenceandmaneuverofcarotidartery,jugularvein,thyroidandtrachea掌握體格檢查的意義:頸動(dòng)脈,頸靜脈甲狀腺和氣管檢查的順序和

23、方法3Tounderstandtheexaminationofsequenceandmaneuverofhead理解頭部檢查的順序和方法【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1Head:tomasterthecontentsofexaminationoftheheadandthemaneuverofthedetectionofthecranium,toknowcertaindeformitiesoftheskull,suchas頭部：掌握頭部檢查的內(nèi)容和顱部檢查的方法,知道頭顱畸形,例如Microcephalus頭顱過小Squaredskull方型顱Deformingskull畸形

24、顱Oxycephalia(towerskull,steepleskull)尖顱Macrocephalus頭顱過大2Eyes：tomasterthenormalandabnormalsignsandtheirsignificanceinclinic眼：掌握正常和異常體征及其臨床意義（1）Eyebrow:眉毛（2）Eyelids眼瞼1）Disturbanceofclosureoftheeyelids:眼瞼關(guān)閉異常2）Ectropion瞼外翻3）Entropin瞼內(nèi)翻4）Eyelidedema眼瞼水腫5）Eyelidptosis瞼下垂（3）Conjunctiva：結(jié)膜（4）Eyeball:眼球l）E

25、xophthalmos：眼球突出2）Enophthalmos：眼球內(nèi)陷3）Eyeballmovements眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)（5）Sclera：yellowscleraoftenwasseeninjaundice鞏膜:鞏膜黃染常見于黃疸（6）Cornea：角膜（7）Irisandpupil：虹膜和瞳孔l）Pupillaryshape：瞳孔形狀2）Pupillarydirectandconsensualresponsetolight:tomasterthecontentsofexamination,themaneuverandsignificance瞳孔光反射：掌握檢查的內(nèi)容,方法和意義3）Converg

26、enceandaccommodation集合反射4）Functionalocularexaminations,includingvision(acuity),colorsensation:.眼功能檢查，包括視力，色覺3Ears耳4Nose：tomastertheexaminationscontents,themaneuverandsignificanceofparanasalsinuses鼻：掌握檢查內(nèi)容,方法和意義5Mouth(Oralcavity)口腔1）Inspectthelips:toknowtheabnormalsignssuchasPallor,Redness,Cyanosisan

27、dpigmentation視診口唇：異常的體征如蒼白,紫紺和色素沉著2）Inspectoralmucousmembrane:toknowtheabnormalsignssuchasPallor,Redness,Cyanosisandpigmentation視診口黏膜：掌握異常體征如蒼白,紅潤(rùn),紫紺和色素沉著3）Examinetheteethandgingiva(gum):Methodforcountingtheteeth檢查牙齒和牙齦:牙齒的計(jì)數(shù)方法4）Thetongue:舌5）Pharynxandlarynx:MethodforexaminingthePharynxandlarynx.Tom

28、astertheDegreeoftheenlargedtonsil咽喉：咽喉的檢查方法.掌握扁桃體腫大的程度6.Neck:tolearntheanatomyoftheneckandthecontentsofphysicalexaminations.頸部：掌握頸部的解剖和檢查內(nèi)容1）Cervicalvessels:tomasterthedefinitionandsignificanceofdistendedcervicalvein頸部血管：掌握頸靜脈擴(kuò)張的定義和意義2）Thyroidgland:tomasterthepalpationofthethyroidglandandthedegreeof

29、thyroidglandenlargement.Knowhowtodescribethethyroidglandwhenyoupalpateandauscultatethethyroidgland甲狀腺：掌握甲狀腺的觸診方法和腫大程度.掌握甲狀腺觸診和聽診的描述3）Trachea:tomasterthecontentsofexamination,themaneuverandsignificance氣管：掌握檢查的內(nèi)容,方法的意義【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】2hours2小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,powerpointshowing,case-prese

30、nting.講授，幻燈片，臨床實(shí)習(xí)CHAPTER4.Abdominalexamination腹部檢查【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Tomasterthemarkersandthelinesofbodysurface,theareasandimportantvisceraunderlyingtheseregions.掌握體表線和體表標(biāo)志，分區(qū)和這些區(qū)域的重要內(nèi)臟器官2Tomasterinspection,palpation,percussion,auscultationofabdomen.Especiallypalpationofliverandspleen.掌握腹部的視

31、,觸,叩聽方法,特別是肝脾觸診3Tounderstandthesymptomsandsignsofcommonabdominaldiseases理解常見腹部疾病的癥狀和體征【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1.themarkersandthelinesofbodysurface,theareasandinoportantvisceraunderlyingtheseregions.掌握體表線和體表標(biāo)志,分區(qū)和這些區(qū)域的重要內(nèi)臟器官2.examinationofabdomen腹部檢查(1)Inspection:symmetry,abdominalpulsation,shape,sc

32、ars,sinuses,fistuas,engorgedvein,flankhaemorrhages,Visibleperistalsis.視診:對(duì)稱性,腹部搏動(dòng),形狀,瘢痕,竇道,瘺管,擴(kuò)張的靜脈,脅腹出血，胃腸蠕動(dòng)波(2)Palpation:directtendernessandresistanceofmuscle,reboundtenderness,palpationofliver,spleen,gallbladder,kidney,atrtributesofmasse,fluidtrills,succusionsplash,tenderspotsofkidneyandureter.觸診

33、:直接壓痛和腹壁緊張度,反跳痛,肝臟,脾臟,膽囊,腎臟,包塊,液波震顫，振水音,腎臟和輸尿管壓痛點(diǎn)(3)Percussion:Traubesspace,regionsofliver,spleen,bladderandkidney.叩診:胃泡鼓音區(qū)，肝脾，膀胱和腎臟的區(qū)域(4)Ascultation:bowelsoundabdominalbruits,frictionrubs.聽診:腸鳴音和摩擦音3.Thesymptomandsingsofcommonabdominaldiseases:Pepticulcerdiseasesandthecomplications,hepaticcirrhosis

34、andportalhypertention,intestinalobstruction,acuteperitonitis,appendicitis.常見腹部疾病的癥狀和體征:消化性潰瘍和并發(fā)癥,肝硬化和門脈高壓,腸梗阻,急性腹膜炎,闌尾炎【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】14hours(Instruction6hours,practice8hours)14小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,powerpointshowing,case-presenting.講授,幻燈片,臨床實(shí)習(xí)CHAPTER5.Physicalexaminationofthethorax胸部體檢【

35、Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Tomasterthemethodsandthecontentsofthoraxexamination掌握胸部體檢的方法和內(nèi)容2Tomasterthemechanismandclinicalsignificanceoftactilefremitusandabnormalpercussion掌握觸覺語顫的機(jī)制和臨床意義3Tounderstandthephysicalexaminationandpositivesignsofsomecommonpulmonarydiseases了解常見肺部疾病體格檢查和陽性體征【Instructionconten

36、ts教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1themarkersandthelinesofbodysurface,theareasandimoportantvisceraunderlyingtheseregions.掌握體表線和體表標(biāo)志，分區(qū)和這些區(qū)域的重要內(nèi)臟器官2examinationofthorax胸部檢查（1）Inspectionofthelungandpleura肺和胸膜的視診（2）Palpationofthelungandpleura肺和胸膜的觸診（3）Percussionofthelungandpleura肺和胸膜的叩診（4）Auscultationofthelungandpleura肺和胸膜的聽診3The

37、symptomandsingsofcommonrespiratorydiseases:pneumothorax,emphysema,Pleuraleffusion,pneumonia常見胸部疾病的癥狀和體征【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】14hours（Instruction6hours,practice8hours）14小時(shí)（講授6小時(shí),實(shí)習(xí)8小時(shí)）【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,powerpointshowing,case-presenting.講授,幻燈片,臨床實(shí)習(xí)CHAPTER6.Cardiovascularsystem心血管系統(tǒng)【Objectiveand

38、emphasis目的要求】1Tomastertheexaminingsequenceandmethodsofheart，includinginspection,palpation,percussionandauscultation.掌握心臟的檢查順序和方法包括:視,觸,叩,聽方法2Tomastertheproducingmechanismofheartmurmursandtheirclinicalsignificance.Masteringthekeypointsofauscultationofheartmurmursanddifferentialdiagnosisofphysicalandp

39、athologicalheartmurmurs.掌握心臟雜音的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制和他們的臨床意義.掌握雜音聽診的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)和生理性雜音和病理性雜音的鑒別診斷3understandthesymptomsandsingsofcommonheartdiseases.理解常見心臟疾病的癥狀和體征【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1Heart心臟Inspection視診1）Observingprecordium觀察心前區(qū)2）Thelocation,intensityandscopeofnormalapicalimpulseandclinicalvalueofitsdisplacement.正常心尖搏動(dòng)

40、的部位,強(qiáng)度和范圍,異常的臨床意義3）Abnormalpulsationsintheotherareasandtheirclinicalvalues其他區(qū)域的異常搏動(dòng)和臨床意義Palpation觸診1）Thelocation,intensityandscopeofnormalapicalimpulseandclinicalvalueofitsdisplacement.正常心尖搏動(dòng)的部位,強(qiáng)度和范圍.異常的臨床意義2）Theprecordialpulsationslocationanditsamplitude,durationandintensity.心前區(qū)搏動(dòng)的部位,強(qiáng)度,持續(xù)時(shí)間和強(qiáng)度.3）

41、Theproducingmechanismofthrillsandlocation,intensityandqualityofthrills.震顫的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制和部位強(qiáng)度和性質(zhì)4）Pericardialfrictionrub心包摩擦感Percussion叩診1）Thepercussionmethodoftheheart.心臟的叩診方法2）Theheartbordersandtheirconstituents.心界大小3）Normalrelativedullnessoftheheartandchangingcardiacdullness.心臟的相對(duì)濁音界和絕對(duì)濁音界Auscultation聽診Iti

42、ncludesrate,rhythm,heartsound,murmurandpericardialfrictionsound.包括心率,心律,心音,雜音和心包摩擦音1）AuscultatoryValveAreas聽診瓣膜區(qū)2）Theproducingmechanismofheartsoundanddifferentialdiagnosisofnormalheartsounds（S1andS2）.心音產(chǎn)生的機(jī)制和正常心音的鑒別診斷3）Heartrateandheartrhythm.心率和節(jié)律4）Theproducingmechanismandcharacteristicsofheartmurm

43、urs(Location,timing,quality,radiation,andintensity).心臟雜音的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制和性質(zhì)(部位,時(shí)期,性質(zhì),放射和強(qiáng)度)5）Theproducingmechanismanditsclinicalvaluesofpericardialfrictionrub.心包摩擦音的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制和臨床意義2BloodVessels血壓1）Thearterialpulseanditsrate,rhythm,intensityandtension.動(dòng)脈脈搏和頻率,節(jié)律,強(qiáng)度和張力2）Theproducingmechanismandcharacteristicsofwavefor

44、ms(Waterhammerpulse,Pulsusalternans,Dicroticpulse,Paradoxicalpulse)波形的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制和性質(zhì)(水沖脈,交替脈,重搏波,奇脈)3）Themeasurementofarterialpressureanditssignificance.血壓測(cè)量的方法和意義4）Pistol-shotsoundandDuroziezssign.槍擊音和Duroziezs征3Commonsymptomsandsignsofcardiovasculardiseases:mitralstenosis,mitralimcompetece,aorticincompet

45、ence,aorticstenosis,pericardicaleffusion.心血管疾病的常見癥狀和體征:二尖瓣狹窄,二尖瓣關(guān)閉不全,主動(dòng)脈瓣狹窄,主動(dòng)脈瓣關(guān)閉不全【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】14hours.（Instruction6hours,practice8hours）14小時(shí)（講授6小時(shí),實(shí)習(xí)8小時(shí)）【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,powerpointshowing，case-presenting.講授,幻燈片，臨床實(shí)習(xí)CHAPTER7.Physiologicalandpathologicalreflex生理和病理反射【Objectiveandem

46、phasis目的要求】1Tomasterthemethodsofphysiologicalandpathologicalreflex掌握生理和病理反射的方法2Tounderstandthesignificanceofthephysicalexamination理解體格檢查的意義【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1Superficialreflex:淺反射（1）cornealreflex,角膜反射（2）plantarreflex,跖反射（3）abdominalreflex,腹壁反射（4）cremasteriereflex:提睪反射（5）Eanalreflex2Deepreflex

47、es:深反射（1）bicepsreflex,肱二頭肌反射（2）tricepsreflex,肱三頭肌反射（3）brachioradialisreflex,橈骨膜反射（4）anklejerk.跟腱反射（5）kneejerk.膝腱反射3Clonus:陣攣（1）Ankleclonus:踝陣攣（2）Patellarclonus:髕陣攣4Pathologicalreflex病理反射（1）Babinskissign:.巴氏征（2）Oppenheimssign:奧本海姆征（3）Hoffmannssign:.霍夫曼征5.Signsofmeningealirritation腦膜刺激征（1）Neckrigidity

48、:頸項(xiàng)強(qiáng)直（2）Kernigssign:克氏征（3）Brudzinskissign:布氏征【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】1.5hour1.5小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,powerpointshowing，case-presenting.講授,幻燈片，實(shí)習(xí)LaboratoryExamination實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查CHAPTER1.StoolRoutineTest大便常規(guī)【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Tomasterthemethodsofstoolroutinetest掌握大便常規(guī)的方法2Tomasterthesignificanceof

49、thechangesofstoolpropertyandtheoccultbloodtest掌握大便性狀改變的意義和隱血實(shí)驗(yàn)的意義3Tounderstandthesignificanceofmicroscopicexamination理解顯微鏡檢查的意義【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1Generalpropertyofstool大便的一般性狀（1）waterystool:水樣便（2）mucusstool:黏液便（3）pyohemocheziastool:膿血便（4）hematocheziastool:血便（5）melenaortarrystool:黑便或柏油樣便2Micro

50、scopicexamination顯微鏡檢查（1）Cells:細(xì)胞（2）WBC白細(xì)胞（3）RBC紅細(xì)胞（4）macrophage:normal巨噬細(xì)胞（5）tumorcell腫瘤細(xì)胞（6）Foodresidue:食物殘?jiān)?）Ovumofparasite寄生蟲卵3.Occoulbloodtest隱血實(shí)驗(yàn)【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】0.5hour0.5小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】Instruction,powerpointshowing.講授,幻燈片CHAPTER2.UrineRoutineTest小便常規(guī)【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Masterthe

51、methodsofurineroutinetest掌握尿常規(guī)的方法2Masterthesignificanceofthechangesofurineproperty掌握尿液性狀改變的意義3Understandthesignificanceofmicroscopicexamination理解顯微鏡檢查的意義.【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1Samplescollectionandsending標(biāo)本采集和送檢2Generalproperty一般性狀（1）Urinevolume尿量（2）Color顏色（3）Smell氣味（4）UrinePh尿PH（5）UrineSpecificG

52、ravity尿比重3Chemicaltests化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)（1）proteintest蛋白檢測(cè)（2）Glucose:糖（3）Ketones酮體（4）Bilirubin膽紅素（5）Urobilinogen尿膽原（6）Blood血（7）UrinaryNitrites尿硝酸鹽4.Microscopicexamination顯微鏡檢查（1）Cells細(xì)胞（2）Casts管形（3）Pathogenicorganism病原微生物（4）Addiscount愛迪計(jì)數(shù)（5）Cellexcretionperhour每小時(shí)細(xì)胞沉渣【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】2hours2小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】I

53、nstructionandpowerpointshowing.講授,幻燈片CHAPTER3.ExaminationofBlood血液檢查【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Tomasterthemethodsofredbloodcellcount(RBC)andhemoglobin(Hb)concentrationdetermination.掌握紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)和血紅蛋白濃度測(cè)定的方法2Tomaterthethemethodsofwhitebloodcellcount(WBC)anddifferentiatecount(DC).掌握白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)和分類的方法3Tomasterthere

54、ferencevaluesofRBC,Hb,WBCandDC.掌握RBC,Hb,WBCandDC.的參考值4TomasterthesingnificanceofchangesofRBC,Hb,WBCandDC.掌握RBC,Hb,WBCandDC.變化的意義5TounderstandthesignificanceofRBCandWBCinsomecommonhematologicaldiseases.理解常見血液疾病的意義【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1Bloodroutinetest(BRT)血常規(guī)檢測(cè)（1）Redbloodcellcount(RBC)andHemoglob

55、in(HB)concentrationdetermination紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)和血紅蛋白濃度測(cè)定1）ThephysiologicalfunctionsofRBCandHB紅細(xì)胞和血紅蛋白的生理功能2）ThereferentialvaluesofRBCandHB紅細(xì)胞和血紅蛋白的參考值3）TheclinicalsignificanceofRBCandHB紅細(xì)胞和血紅蛋白的臨床意義（2）.Totalwhitebloodcellcount(WBC)andLeukocytedifferentialcount(DC)白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)和分類計(jì)數(shù)4）ThemorphologyofWBC白細(xì)胞的形態(tài)5）Therefer

56、entialvaluesofWBCandDC白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)和分類計(jì)數(shù)的參考值6）TheclinicalsignificanceofWBCandDC白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)和分類計(jì)數(shù)臨床意義2SpecialInvestigationsinhematologicaldiseases血液病的特殊檢查（1）Reticulocytecount(RC)網(wǎng)幟紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)1）ThereferentialvaluesofRC網(wǎng)幟紅細(xì)胞參考值2）TheclinicalsignificanceofRC網(wǎng)幟紅細(xì)胞臨床意義（2）Hematocrit(Hct)紅細(xì)胞比容（3）Erythrocytesedimentationrate(ESR)

57、紅細(xì)胞沉降率1）ThereferentialvaluesofESR紅細(xì)胞沉降率參考值2）TheclinicalsignificanceofESR紅細(xì)胞沉降率臨床意義【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】4hours4小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instruction,powerpointshowing.講授,幻燈片CHAPTER4.LiverFunction肝功能【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Tomasterthecontentsofliverfunctiontest掌握肝功能檢測(cè)的內(nèi)容2Tomasterthesignificanceoftheliverfunc

58、tiontest掌握肝功能檢測(cè)的意義【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1Markersofhepaticsyntheticcapacity肝臟合成能力的指標(biāo)（1）Serumproteins:SerumtotalproteinA,G血清蛋白（2）Electrophoresisofserumprotein血清蛋白電泳（3）Prothrombintime(PT)凝血酶原時(shí)間2Testsofbilirubinmetabolism膽紅素代謝的檢測(cè)3Markersofcholestasis膽汁淤積的標(biāo)志（1）Alkalinephosphatase(ALP)堿性磷酸酶（2）Gamma-glu

59、tamyltranspeptidase(GGT)谷光酐酞轉(zhuǎn)移酶4Markersofhepatocellularnecrosis肝細(xì)胞壞死的（1）Hepaticenzymes:ALT,AST,肝細(xì)胞酶5Testforhepaticcarcinoma肝癌檢測(cè)（1）Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)6Detectiionofhepaticviruses肝病毒檢測(cè)（1）HepatitisA:甲（2）HepatitisB:乙（3）HepatitisC:丙7Caseanalysis病例分析【Thetimes教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】3.5hours3.5小時(shí)【Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法】instru

60、ction,powerpointshowing,case-presenting.講授,幻燈片CHAPTER5.Renalfunction腎功能【Objectiveandemphasis目的要求】1Masterthecontentsofrenalfunction掌握腎功能的內(nèi)容2Masterthesignificanceoftherenalfunctiontests掌握腎功能檢測(cè)的意義【Instructioncontents教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1Reviewoftherenalfunction腎功能2Endogenouscreatinineclearancerate內(nèi)源性肌酐清除率3plasmacreat