名詞性從句讓步狀語從句

1、關于名詞性從句讓步狀語從句第一張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Related Conception (相關概念)1.名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子當中一般可以作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。The boy is li Ming.主語表語Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主語同位語賓語第二張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月在英語的句子結構中，本來該由名詞充當的主語、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充當,這個句子就叫名詞性從句。什么是名詞性從句?名詞性從句主語從句 ( The

2、 Subject Clause)賓語從句 ( The Object Clause) 表語從句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位語從句 ( The Appositive Clause)第三張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do

3、you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.(主從)(同位語從句)(賓從)(表從)(同位語從句)(定從)(主從)第四張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主語從句在句中充當主語的從句叫做主語從句。他星期三來這里是肯定的。 That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.注意：從句作主語時，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上從屬連詞that他星期三是否來這里還

4、不肯定的。Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.注意：主語從句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”第五張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主語從句主語從句有時用“it”作形式主語，把真正的主語放在后面，以避免頭重腳輕。It is known to us that he will come here.第六張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月It + be + 形容詞 that從句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that . 重要的是It is obviou

5、s that 很明顯It + be + -ed分詞 that從句It is believed that 人們相信It is known to us/all that . 眾所周知It has been decided that 已經決定用it形式主語的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配：第七張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月It + be + 名詞 that從句It is common knowledge that 是常識It is a surprise that . 令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實是It + 不及物動詞 that從句It appears that 似

6、乎It happens that . 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起第八張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月表語從句在句中充當表語的從句(即放在be,look,seem,remain,appear等動詞后面)叫做表語從句。我們的目的是他能認識到錯誤。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引導表語從句的連接詞一般不省略。問題是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：表語從句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”第九張，PPT共

7、三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月試區(qū)分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：這種句子考試時一定要記住這句話：名詞前（尤其是單數可數名詞前）一定要有限定詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子是屬于哪種從句再完成。(表從)(定從)(定從)第十張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月賓語從句在句中充當及物動詞或介詞賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。我不知道你會來這里。I dont know （that） you will

8、come here.注意：that在從句中不充當任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常常被省去。第十一張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月我不知道他來不來。我想知道他來還是不來。你們是在談論著他來還是不來嗎？他不在乎天氣是否好。I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.注意：在賓語從句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether

9、,也可以用if.但是，whether常與or not連用；作介詞賓語只用whether; 從句是否定句時一般用if。第十二張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月賓語從句中的否定轉移我認為他不會來這里I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )注意：如果賓語從句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等詞引導的時候，要將從句中的否定形式轉移到主句中去。第十三張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月賓語從句中用it作形式賓語We think it our duty that we s

10、hould help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語時，一般用it來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補后面。第十四張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月同位語從句在句中用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。同位語從句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有豐富內涵的詞語后面，用來說明前面那個詞的具體內容。一般說來，同位語從句都用that來作連接詞，而且不能省略。也可用how,

11、 when, where等。他給了她一個承諾，他會在兩個月后回來。He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.第十五張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月試區(qū)分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：1. 如果是定語從句，它的從句肯定是不完整的，關系詞肯定在句中充當成分的；而同位語從句中的that只起連接作用。 2. 定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用，而同位

12、語從句則解釋說明先行詞的具體內容。(同從)(定從)第十六張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 主語從句that whether who whom whose what which when where why how從 句引導詞:1. That he knows Japanese is known to all. 他懂日語,這一點大家都知道令我驚訝的是在這兒見到他.3. When he will come is unknown .4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much. 他來不來沒什么要緊的他什么時候來不清楚.他們是怎么登上山頂的仍是個秘密.5

13、. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主語從句的位置 1.在句首 2.主語較長時通常放在后面,句首主語用 It 主語太長了!放到句尾That無詞義,不可省略What “什么”, “所.的”2. What surprised me was to see him here .When “什么時候”主語從句不用 if位于句首第十七張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月what在從句中表示“什么”或“所的”returnWhat he will do next is unknown . what 表示疑問 “什么”比如：他下一步做

14、什么我們不清楚。在那兒所看到的(事物)是無法描述的。我們怎么處理這些書與你無關。她會給我們帶些什么食物來還不清楚。明天會發(fā)生什么事還是個謎。她所買的只是一些蔬菜。What was seen there is beyond description.What we will do with the books has nothing to do with you.What food she will bring to us is not clear.What will happen tomorrow is still a mystery.What she has bought are only s

15、ome vegetables. what只用于名詞性從句中第十八張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Return when,where,why,how,who,whom,whose分別表示什么時候、什么地方、為什么、怎么、誰（主格/賓格）、誰的When we will have a meeting is unknown.Where we will have a meeting is unknown.Why we should have a meeting is unknown.我們什么時候開會不清楚。我們在什么地方開會不清楚。我們?yōu)槭裁匆_會不清楚。4. 他們是怎么發(fā)現那個秘密的令大家很感

16、興趣。5. 誰來當他們的班主任還沒有決定How they discovered that secret interested everyone.Who will be their class teacher has not been decided.Where did they go last week is of no importance. ( )錯凡是從句都必須用陳述語序went第十九張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月whether從句作主語時不能用 ifReturn我們是否要重新做這個實驗還沒有決定。這本書是否林先生寫的這一點很重要。他們是否能按時到達要看天氣。她是否能考上大學要

17、看她是否努力。Whether we should do the experiment again has not been decided.Whether the book was written by Mr. Lin is very important.Whether they can arrive in time depends on the weather.Whether she can pass the college entrance examination depends on whether she will work hard .Whether that she can com

18、e or not doesnt matter. ( )錯一個從句只能有一個引導詞第二十張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月讓步狀語從句專講第二十一張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 讓步狀語從句通常用 though, although, no matter, even if, if, even though, however, whatever等引起。 讓步狀語從句可以前置，也可以后置；前置時強調主句內容，后置時強調從句內容。有時也可以采取中位（插入句中）。1although 和though 引導的讓步狀語從句： 兩個詞同義，一般情況下可以互換使用，如：He didnt light

19、the fire though / although it was cold. although 比though 較正式，語氣較重，常用于強調讓步概念，如： He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to. though可以和even 連用，但although 不可以，如： Although (Even though) the traffic held us up, we got to the airport on time. 當讓步狀語從句是指一種假設的情況，不指事實時，通常用though，而不用although，如：He will

20、never do such a thing though he (should) be forced to.Though all the world were against me, I shall still hold to my opinion. though可以在非正式文體中用作連接性狀語，而although 則不行。（though 可以放在句中或句末，通常用逗號隔開），如： He said he would come; he didnt, though. though引導的從句可用倒裝語序（即把從句中的表語或狀語等放在though之前），而although 不能這樣用，如： Young

21、 though she is, yet she is fit for the job. (= Young as she is, ) 有時可用副詞yet, still, nevertheless (但不能用連詞but) 來配合連接詞though或although，以加強語氣，如： Though he is over seventy, yet / still / nevertheless he can ride the bike. though和although后面的主語和謂語動詞be 可以省略，如果這個主語和主句中的主語指同一個人或物時，如： Though (it was) cold, it w

22、as a fine winter morning. Though (he was) severely wounded, yet he refused to leave the battle field. Though (they were) very tired, they continued to march on.第二十二張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2even if, even though和 if 引導的讓步狀語從句： even if 與 even though同義，常用于強調讓步概念，如： Ill do it, even if it takes me all the aft

23、ernoon. He was there even if we didnt see him. Even if you fail, you can try again. Ill help you, even if I dont sleep for a night. 注：if 有時也可以用于讓步含義，但要注意條件if 與讓步if 的區(qū)別，試比較： If he is poor, how can he buy the house? (條件) If he is poor, he is at least honest. (讓步) (= even if) If he is inexperienced, he

24、 wont be able to accomplish it. (條件) If he is inexperienced, he is at any rate eager to learn. (讓步) (= even if) If John had been there, I would have seen him. (條件) If John was there, I didnt see him. (讓步) (= even if) 第二十三張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3由as, that, though引導的特殊讓步狀語從句結構： 在正式文體或文學作品中，為了強調讓步的含義，可用as

25、引導讓步從句。但as一般不置于句首，而將從句中的表語或狀語置于句首。（though, that與as一樣，也可以用于這種結構），如下面幾種情況： 表語的倒裝： Tired as he was, he still went on with his work. Old as I am, I can still fight. Clever as you may be, you cannot do that. Tall as / though he was, he couldnt reach the top shelf. Difficult though the task was, they mana

26、ged to accomplish it in time. 狀語的倒裝：（這時不可在狀語之前加very, much等修飾語） Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them. 謂語動詞的倒裝： Try as he would, he could not remember a word of it. (= No mat

27、ter how he would try ) Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam. Hate him as we may, we must admit his greatness. Search as they would, they could find nothing in the room. Try as you may, you will never succeed.第二十四張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月注意事項： 如果是單數名詞或形容詞最高級作表語，不再用冠詞，如： Teacher as Michael is, he is not

28、 capable of teaching all subjects. Child as / that he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. Child as he is, he knows much. as從句可以置于主句前、主句后或句中，當as從句置于句首時，主句前可加yet ，如： Mary, brave as she is, is afraid of snakes. He was unable to make m

29、uch progress, hard as he tried. Rich as he is, (yet) I dont envy him. 當作表語的形容詞提前時，如果從句的主語是人稱代詞，那么它只能放在動詞之前；如果從句的主語是名詞，則可用倒裝語序，也可用陳述語序，如： Tired as were the workers, they did not stop. Clever though / as you may be, you cant do that. as 從句與主句在時態(tài)上可以不一致，如： Child as he is, he was brave. 注意區(qū)別as 引導的原因從句與讓步

30、從句，試比較： Lawyer as he is, he explains the reason clearly. (原因從句) Lawyer as he is, he cant explain the reason very clearly. (讓步從句)第二十五張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4even though和 though even though (= even if) 引導的從句指把握不大或假設的事情，意為“即使”、“縱然”； though 引導的從句指事實，意為“盡管”、“雖然”，例如： He will not reveal the secret, even thoug

31、h he knows it. (可能知道，也可能不知道。) He will not reveal the secret though he knows it. (雖然知道，卻不說出來。)5while引導的讓步狀語從句： while (= although),它引導的讓步狀語從句只能前置，位于句首，如： While you may be right, I cant altogether agree. While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.注意比較下列各句： Wh

32、ile I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. (讓步) While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. (讓步) While I was reading, the light went out. (時間) Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative. (轉折、對比) He is idle, while his brother is diligent. (轉折、對比)第二十六張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月

33、6whetheror引導的讓步狀語從句： 這種從句也稱“選擇條件-讓步狀語從句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如： Whether he drives or (whether he) flies, he will be here on time. Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it. Whether or not it rains, Im giving a party tomorrow. We hold that all countries, (whether they are) big or small, (whether they ar

34、e) rich or poor, should be equal. Whether it rains or snows, I will go tonight. She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.第二十七張，PPT共三十頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7由連接代詞whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引導的讓步狀語從句： Whoever (= no matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go. (whoever 既相當于連接詞短語no matter 連接主句與從句，又相當于疑問代詞who) Whomever (= no matter whom) you are dealing with, t