網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程師-6-管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備

1、Chapter 6管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境CDP協(xié)議Cisco Discovery Protocol Cisco私有協(xié)議可通告直連的 Cisco 設(shè)備。如： switches, routers, and other。CDP 與上層協(xié)議無關(guān) 物理介質(zhì)支持SNAP封裝Upper-Layer Entry AddressesCisco ProprietaryData-Link ProtocolMedia Supporting SNAPTCP/IPNovell IPXCDP discovers and shows information about directly connected Cisco devicesA

2、TMOthersLANsFrameRelayAppleTalkOthersRuns on routers with Cisco IOS 10.3 or later and Cisco switches and hubsSummary information includes:設(shè)備標(biāo)識地址列表接口標(biāo)識設(shè)備類型 CDPshow cdpCDPCDP經(jīng)過 CDP 發(fā)現(xiàn)鄰居運用 CDPSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1RouterA#sh cdp ? entry Information for specific neighbor entry interface CDP in

3、terface status and configuration neighbors CDP neighbor entries traffic CDP statistics RouterA(config)#no cdp run RouterA(config)#interface serial0 RouterA(config-if)#no cdp enable SwitchA also provides its Mac addressshow cdp neighbor CommandRouterA#sh cdp neighborsCapability Codes: R - Router, T -

4、 Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - RepeaterDevice ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDRouterB Ser 0 148 R 2522 Ser 1SwitchA0050BD855780 Eth 0 167 T S 1900 2 SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1show cdp entry CommandRouterA#sh cdp entry *-Device ID:

5、 RouterB Entry address(es): IP address: Platform: cisco 2522, Capabilities: Router Interface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1Holdtime : 168 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fci)Copyright (c) 198

6、6-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1其它CDP CommandsRouterA#sh cdp trafficCDP counters :Packets output: 56, Input: 38Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 3No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0RouterA#sh cdp interface B

7、RI0 is administratively down, line protocol is down Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 secondsSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1運用Telnet命令銜接遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)備Remote deviceSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1RouterA#telnet Trying . Open-Catalyst 1900 Management ConsoleCopyright (c) C

8、isco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998All rights reserved.Enterprise Edition SoftwareEthernet Address: 00-90-86-73-33-40PCA Number: 73-2239-06PCA Serial Number: FAA02359H8KModel Number: WS-C1924-ENSystem Serial Number: FAA0237X0FQ.SwitchB查看Telnet銜接SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1RouterA#sh sessionConn Host Ad

9、dress Byte Idle Conn Name 1 0 1 * 2 0 0 RouterA#sh user Line User Host(s) Idle Location* 0 con 0 3 2 11 vty 0 idle 1 掛起 Telnet 會話SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1RouterB#xRouterA#sh sessionConn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 0 1 RouterA#resume 1RouterB#RouterA#disconnect Closing connection to con

10、firmRouterA#clear line 11confirm OK封鎖 Telnet會話Closing a session opened by a remote deviceClosing the current session opened by youSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1ping and trace 命令 Test connectivity and path to a remote deviceRouter#ping 0 Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos

11、to 0, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 msRouter#trace 0 Type escape sequence to abort.Tracing the route to 0 1 0 4 msec 4 msec 4 msecRouter#Cisco Router 啟動過程加電自檢 (POST)導(dǎo)入并運轉(zhuǎn) bootstrap 代碼尋覓 IOS加載 IOS尋覓配置文件configuration加載配置文件configuration運轉(zhuǎn)Router

12、內(nèi)部組件RAMConfig registerROMFlashNVRAMInterfacesROM FunctionsROMContains microcode for basic functionsBootstrapMini IOSROMmonitorPOSTshow versionConsole查找 IOSFlashshowversionshow startup-configIOSOrder of search:1. Check configuration register 2. Parse config in NVRAM3. Default to first file in Flash4.

13、 Attempt net boot5. RXBOOT6. ROMMONConsoleConfig registerNVRAMRouter Start-up Flow ChartUse IOS fromFlashAttempt to getIOS from networkUse IOS in ROM(RXBoot mode)Check start-upconfigBoot field =00 x0Boot field =10 x1Boot systemcommands?Config regbit 13=1? 5 failures?Valid IOS inFlash?Do whatthey say

14、RunROM MonitorSTARTYesYesNoNoYesNoNoYesYesNoNoYesSuccess?NoYesUse file fromNetworkLoad IOSValid config?Config regbit 6=1?YesNoYes SETUPDIALOG NORMAL START UPCOMPLETENo查看當(dāng)前配置存放器的值wg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), REL

15、EASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0 x03050C84, data-base: 0 x00001000ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)wg_

16、ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin-More-Configuration register is 0 x2102Configuration register value in show version配置存放器的值Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot optionRouter#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-registe

17、r 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload配置存放器的值Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot optionConfiguration Register Boot Field Value0 x0MeaningUse ROM monitor mode(Manually boot using the b command)Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload配置存放器的值Configuration

18、 register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot optionConfiguration Register Boot Field Value0 x00 x1MeaningUse ROM monitor mode(Manually boot using the b command)Automatically boot from ROM(Provides IOS subset)Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reloadConfiguration re

19、gister bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot optionCheck configuration register value with show version配置存放器的值Configuration Register Boot Field Value0 x00 x2 to 0 xF0 x1MeaningUse ROM monitor mode(Manually boot using the b command)Examine NVRAM for boot system commands (0 x2 default if router has Flash)Autom

20、atically boot from ROM(Provides IOS subset)Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reloadLoading the IOS from FlashFlashIOSIOSshow flashFlash file is decompressed into RAMConsoleRAMshow flash Commandwg_ro_a#sh flash System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1

21、 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin 10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Loading the ConfigurationConsoleIOSSetup utilityshowstartup-configshowrunning-configLoad and execute config from NVRAMIf no config in NVRAM, enter setup modeC

22、onfigConfigRAMNVRAMshow running and show startup Commandswg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 9 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!- More -wg_ro_c#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!version 12.0!- More -In NVRAMIn RAMDisplay current and saved configuration修正配置ConfigConfigRAMNV

23、RAMNVRAMcopy running startupcopy startup running (合并)修正配置ConfigConfigRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalcopy running startupcopy startup running (合并)config term(合并)ConfigConfigConsoleRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalTFTP servercopy running startupcopy startup running (合并)TFTPservercopy start tftpcopy tftp startcopy run tftpc

24、opy tftp run (合并)config term(合并)修正配置修正配置ConfigConfigConsoleRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalTFTP serverErase Startcopy running startupcopy startup running (合并)TFTPserverBlank000000000000erasestartconfig term(合并)copy tftp run (合并)copy tftp startcopy start tftpcopy run tftpcopy run tftp and copy tftp run Commands

25、wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host ? Destination filename running-config? wgroa.cfg .!1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host ? Source filename ? wgroa.cfg Destination filename running-config? Acces

26、sing tftp/wgroa.cfg. Loading wgroa.cfg from (via Ethernet0): !OK - 1684/3072 bytes1684 bytes copied in 17.692 secs (99 bytes/sec)Cisco IOS File Systems and DevicesRAMNVRAMTFTPserverFlashflash:system:nvram:tftp:管理 IOS ImagesNetworkserverFLASHRouterc2500-js-l_120-3.binNetworkserver備份IOS的預(yù)備任務(wù)Check acce

27、ss to the serverRouterNetworkserver備份IOS的預(yù)備任務(wù)Check access to the serverCheck space available on the serverRouterNetworkserver備份IOS的預(yù)備任務(wù)Check access to the serverCheck space available on the serverCheck file naming conventionRouterc2500-js-l_120-3.binNetworkserver備份IOS的預(yù)備任務(wù)Routerc2500-js-l_120-3.binN

28、etworkserverCheck access to the serverCheck space available on the serverCheck file naming conventionCreate file on server if requiredwg_ro_a#show flashSystem flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin 10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)驗證Flash容量及文件名Verify Flash memory has room fo