香港的空氣質(zhì)量管理工作

1、AQM Efforts in Hong Kong: Integrated Approaches香港的空氣質(zhì)量管理工作 ：綜合措施 CAI-Asia China Project Inception Workshop 亞洲城市清潔空氣行動(dòng)中國項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)研討會(huì) Beijing, China中國北京27 10 2005Ha KongEnvironmental Protection DepartmentThe Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region香港特別行政區(qū)環(huán)境保護(hù)署 1Where comes the pollution?污染

2、來自何方？ Two distinct sources demand different strategies兩種不同的污染源需要不同的防治策略 Local mobile sources 本地流動(dòng)污染源Regional economic activities 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)8/25/202221 Director1 位署長4 Deputy Directors4 位副署長9 Divisions9 個(gè)科Organizational Structure ofEnvironmental Protection Department(After Merging with Policy Bureau on 1

3、April 2005)環(huán)境保護(hù)署組織架構(gòu)(與決策局於2005年4月1日合併後) &8/25/20223Air Pollution Control Ordinance空氣污染管制條例Water Pollution Control Ordinance水污染管制條例Noise Control Ordinance噪音管制條例Waste Disposal Ordinance廢物處置條例Dumping at Sea Ordinance海上傾倒物料條例Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance環(huán)境影響評(píng)估條例Ozone Layer Protection Ordinan

4、ce保護(hù)臭氧層條例Environmental Legislation環(huán)境法例8/25/20224Cleaner Air改善空氣質(zhì)素Visible emissions before control未有管制前，廢氣處處可見Sulphur dioxide level and smoke emission improved after the introduction of Fuel Restriction Regulation in 1990自空氣污染管制(燃料限制)規(guī)例于 1990年制定后，廢氣中二氧化硫的水平和煙霧排放得到改善8/25/20225Sulphur Dioxide Emission

5、Reduced (Industrial Areas)廢氣中二氧化硫的水平減少 (工業(yè)區(qū))AQO: 80g/m3-禁止使用含高硫量的燃料空氣質(zhì)素指標(biāo)：每立方米含80微克年份濃度(微克/立方米)8/25/20226Open burning of this kind has been banned since 1996本港自 1996 年起已禁止這類露天焚燒活動(dòng)Cleaner Air改善空氣質(zhì)素8/25/20227Dusty construction activities in the past過去的建造工程塵土飛揚(yáng)Construction dust reduced with the introdu

6、ction of Construction Dust Regulation in 1997自空氣污染管制(建造工程塵埃)規(guī)例於 1997年制定後，建造工程的塵埃已見減少Cleaner Air改善空氣質(zhì)素8/25/20228A Two-pronged Strategy combating local pollution 雙管齊下對(duì)付本地污染源8/25/20229Illustration I: Particulate Matters on a Normal Day圖 I： 正常日子的懸浮粒子情況 Air Pollution Index空氣污染指數(shù) GZ 穗 65SZ 深圳 89 HK 香港 72

7、GZSZHK8/25/202210Illustration II: Particulate Matters on 1 Nov 2003圖II： 二零零三年十一月一日的懸浮粒子情況 GZSZHKAir Pollution Index空氣污染指數(shù) GZ 穗 154SZ 深圳 87 HK 香港 86 8/25/202211Air Pollution Index空氣污染指數(shù) GZ 穗 303SZ 深圳 92 HK 香港 126GZSZHKIllustration III: Particulate Matters on 2 Nov 2003圖III： 二零零三年十一月二日的懸浮粒子情況 8/25/202

8、212A Two-pronged Strategy working with Guangdong雙管齊下與廣東省政府合作 Joint Study Report on Air Quality in the Pearl River Delta in collaboration with the Guangdong Environmental Protection Bureau (1999-2002) 與廣東省環(huán)境保護(hù)局合編的珠江三角洲空氣質(zhì)素聯(lián)合研究報(bào)告 (1999 至 2002 年) 8/25/202213.Electricity demand and vehicle mileage in th

9、e PRD Region will grow by 130% and 180% respectively from 1997 to 2010. 由1997 至 2010 年間，珠三角地區(qū)的電力需求和行車哩數(shù)會(huì)分別增加 130% 和 180% .Hong Kong accounts for about 5% to 20% of regional air pollution while the PRD accounts for 80% to 95%. 香港在區(qū)域空氣污染約占 5% 至 20%，而珠三角則占 80% 至 95% Findings of Study 報(bào)告結(jié)果8/25/202214Con

10、sensus reached between HKSAR and GD to reduce by 2010 : 香港特區(qū)政府與廣東省政府達(dá)成共識(shí)，在 2010年或以前，減少 SO2 by 40% 二氧化硫 40%NOx by 20%氮氧化物 20%RSP by 55% 可吸入懸浮粒子 55%VOCs by 55% 揮化性有機(jī)物 55%8/25/202215A Two-pronged Strategy working with Guangdong雙管齊下與廣東省政府合作A Pearl River Delta Air Quality Management and Monitoring Specia

11、l Panel has been set up under the HK-GD Joint Working Group on Sustainable Development and Env. Protection to take forward actions 在粵港可持續(xù)發(fā)展及環(huán)境保護(hù)合作小組下設(shè)立珠江三角洲空氣質(zhì)素監(jiān)察及管理專責(zé)小組，跟進(jìn)各項(xiàng)工作 8/25/202216A Two-pronged Strategy working with Guangdong雙管齊下與廣東省政府合作Regional Air Quality Management Plan Developed in Decem

12、ber 2003 -于 2003年 12月 制訂地區(qū)空氣質(zhì)素管理計(jì)劃 -8/25/202217Plan includes 計(jì)劃包括:A joint regional air quality monitoring network 共同建立區(qū)域性空氣質(zhì)素監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò) Compilation of air emission inventories for PRD region 編制珠江三角洲地區(qū)空氣污染物排放清單 Pilot Emissions Trading Scheme 排污交易試驗(yàn)計(jì)劃 8/25/202218A Two-pronged Strategy Further Efforts at Hom

13、e雙管齊下 - 香港的新措施 Already 已實(shí)行 No more new coal-burning units 再無新建的燃煤發(fā)電機(jī)組 Lower sulphur coal 使用低硫煤 Installation of vapour recovery system at petrol stations 在油站裝設(shè)汽體回收系統(tǒng) 8/25/202219More Measures at Home本港其它措施 Emission cap on power plants 發(fā)電廠排放上限 :More gas, less coal 多用氣，少用煤Renewable energy 再生能源Flue gas d

14、esulphurization 煙氣脫硫 Energy saving 節(jié)約能源 : Eco-labeling 環(huán)保標(biāo)簽25.5 degrees 攝氏25.5度8/25/202220More Measures at Home本港其它措施Motor vehicles - 汽車 Higher emissions standard 更嚴(yán)格的廢氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Cleaner fuels 更潔凈的燃料 Cap or labeling on stationary VOC sources - 就揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物的固定排放源實(shí)施上限管制或標(biāo)簽 -Consumer goods 消費(fèi)品Paints 涂料Printing

15、印刷8/25/202221Air Pollution Problem Caused By Diesel Vehicles柴油車輛引致的空氣污染問題98% of vehicle particulateemissions 占車輛粒子排放量98%100% of excessive smoky vehicles所有排放過量黑煙均為柴油車輛Cause of record high Air Pollution Index導(dǎo)致空氣污染指數(shù)創(chuàng)出新高API空氣污染指數(shù)75% of vehicle NOx emissions占車輛氮氧化物排放量75%8/25/202222New comprehensive pro

16、gramme introduced in 2000在二零零零年實(shí)施新的綜合計(jì)劃HK$1.4 billion earmarked for the new programme 用14億港元實(shí)施新綜合計(jì)劃 Controlling Vehicle Emissions管制車輛廢氣排放Target By end-2005 :目標(biāo) - 在二零零五年或之前：reduce particulates by 80% 粒子排放量減少80% reduce nitrogen oxides by 30% 氮氧化物排放量減少30%8/25/202223低污染燃料 Cleaner Fuels: 無鉛汽油 Unleaded Pe

17、trol石油氣 LPG 超低含硫柴油 Ultra-Low Sulphur Diesel 策略 Strategies:歐盟III型 EURO III先進(jìn)引擎 Advanced Engine以其它低污染燃料車輛代替柴油車輛 Clean alternatives to diesel vehicles對(duì)新車輛實(shí)施嚴(yán)格的廢氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及燃料規(guī)格 Stringent new vehicle emission standards and fuel specificationControl Measures for Vehicle Emissions (1)管制汽車廢氣排放量的措施 (1)8/25/202224

18、低污染燃料 Cleaner Fuels: 無鉛汽油 Unleaded Petrol石油氣 LPG 超低含硫柴油 Ultra-Low Sulphur Diesel 策略 Strategies:歐盟III型 EURO III先進(jìn)引擎 Advanced EngineControl Measures for Vehicle Emissions (2)管制汽車廢氣排放量的措施 (2)檢舉人員 Spotter警察 Police功率測(cè)試 Dynamometer Testing加強(qiáng)對(duì)在用柴油/汽油車輛的廢氣排放檢查 Strengthen in-use diesel/petrol vehicle emissio

19、n inspection加強(qiáng)檢控排放過量黑煙的車輛 Strengthen enforcement against smoky vehicles8/25/202225低污染燃料 Cleaner Fuels: 無鉛汽油 Unleaded Petrol石油氣 LPG 超低含硫柴油 Ultra-Low Sulphur Diesel 策略 Strategies:歐盟III型 EURO III先進(jìn)引擎 Advanced EngineControl Measures for Vehicle Emissions (3)管制汽車廢氣排放量的措施 (3)檢舉人員 Spotter警察 Police功率測(cè)試 Dyna

20、mometer Testing為舊車加裝柴油催化器/過濾器 Retrofitting in-use vehicles with diesel catalyst / trap推廣環(huán)保駕駛及提高公眾對(duì)妥善車輛維修保養(yǎng)的意識(shí) Promote environmentally friendly driving andawareness of proper vehicles maintenance過濾器/柴油催化器Trap /DOC汽油催化變換器 Petrol Catalytic Converter維修員 Mechanic8/25/202226Current Emission Standard現(xiàn)行廢氣排放

21、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)The worlds most stringent new vehicle smoke standards對(duì)新車實(shí)施全球最嚴(yán)格的煙霧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)New vehicles emission standard equals to USA and EU stringency對(duì)新車實(shí)施的廢氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與美國和歐盟看齊 catalyzed petrol private cars 1992汽油私家車加裝催化器 EURO I (appr. USA 1991) 1995 歐盟 I 型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(與美國一九九一年實(shí)施的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相若) EURO II (appr. USA 1998) 1997歐盟 II 型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(與美國一九九八年

22、實(shí)施的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相若) EURO III (appr. US California LEV) 2001歐盟 III 型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(與美國加州 LEV 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相若) 8/25/202227Emission Standards for 2000 +二零零零年之后的廢氣排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Euro III Euro IV (Proposed)歐盟III型標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 歐盟IV型標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (擬議) Goods Vehicle 3.5 ton1-10-2001 1-10-20063.5公噸以上貨車 8/25/202228Diesel Fuel Specifications柴油燃料規(guī)格 In phase with EU, progressi

23、vely tighten fuel specification跟隨歐盟逐步收緊燃料規(guī)格 Sulphur content含硫量Implementation date實(shí)施日期0.2%April 1995一九九五年四月0.05%April 1997 一九九七年四月 0.035%January 2001二零零一年一月0.005%April 2002二零零二年四月0.001%no later than January 2009 (tentative) 二零零九年一月之前(暫定)8/25/202229Implementation of Retrofit Technologies on buses使用排放加

24、裝技術(shù)于巴士Started Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) trial in 1995已在一九九五年開展柴油催化器試驗(yàn)計(jì)劃DOC reduces PM, HC and CO柴油催化器可減少粒子、碳?xì)浠衔锛耙谎趸嫉呐欧帕?Voluntarily installing DOC on Pre-Euro and Euro I buses ( 2,600 units)巴士公司自動(dòng)為歐盟前期及I期巴士安裝柴油催化器(2,600部) Facilitated the trial of passive particulate trap ( appr. 700 buses )協(xié)

25、調(diào)安裝不動(dòng)式粒子過濾器的試驗(yàn)計(jì)劃亦已展開( 約700部巴士 ) 8/25/202230Implementation of Retrofit Technologieson Pre-Euro Diesel Vehicles安裝微粒消減裝置于歐盟前期柴油車輛Government actions:- (1)政府采取的行動(dòng)： (一)Light Diesel Vehicle (below 4 tonnes) Low Cost Retrofitting Program輕型柴油車輛(4公噸以下)加裝微粒消減裝置計(jì)劃 2 approved devices with over 30% PM reduction a

26、nd 3 years warranty 兩類認(rèn)可裝置，有效減低粒子排放量逾30%，三年保用 Mandatory cleaning required trap需要清潔過濾器 Catalyst催化器 Completed on October 2001 (about 24,000 vehicles retrofitted)二零零一年十月完成 (約有24,000部車輛裝上有關(guān)裝置) Dec 2003- Installation of approved emission reduction devices are mandatory for pre-Euro 4 tonnes diesel vehicles在2003年12月所有歐盟前期四公噸以下柴油車輛必須規(guī)定加裝廢氣消減裝置8/25/202231安裝微粒消減裝置于歐盟前期柴油車輛政府采取的行動(dòng)： (二)重型柴油車輛(4公噸以上)資助加裝廢氣消減裝置計(jì)劃于2002年12月底展開共 34,000車輛完成