中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題二 代詞講義

1、專題二代詞專題二 代詞1 分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出,代詞是每年的必考點(diǎn)，考查點(diǎn)包括：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、普通不定代詞、復(fù)合不定代詞、指示代詞和疑問代詞。考查的題型主要涉及語法與情景對話、完形填空。人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞 甘肅近3年中考對人稱代詞和物主代詞的考查多為人稱不變形式變；反身代詞主要考查固定搭配。人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞一覽表人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves類別數(shù)人稱第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyo

2、urselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves人稱代詞的用法類別作用例句主格作主語（2015蘭州26題）We have never been abroad. 我們從未出過國。賓格 作賓語，用在動(dòng)詞、介詞后Can you look after her while Im away? 我不在時(shí)，你能照看一下她嗎？(介詞之后)Lets go and find him. 讓我們?nèi)フ宜?動(dòng)詞之后)作表語，用在系動(dòng)詞之后Whos the boy in th

3、e photo? 照片中的男孩是誰？Its me. 是我。(表語)巧記口訣：人稱代詞分兩格，分為主格和賓格；主格句中作主語，賓語用的是賓格；句首、動(dòng)前用主格，動(dòng)后介后用賓格。類別作用例句形容詞性物主代詞作定語This is his computer. 這是他的電腦。名詞性物主代詞(2016省卷23題)作主語This isnt your pen. Yours is on the table. 這不是你的鋼筆，你的在桌子上。作賓語I cant find my ruler. Can I use yours?我找不到我的尺子了，我可以用你的嗎？作表語This coat is hers. 這件大衣是她的

4、。物主代詞的用法注意：形容詞性物主代詞不能單獨(dú)使用，用于名詞前作定語，相當(dāng)于形容詞的作用。名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。具有名詞的特征，后面不跟名詞，須單獨(dú)使用。如：This is her computer.=This computer is hers. 這是她的電腦。巧記口訣： 形物代詞能力差，自己不能來當(dāng)家；句子當(dāng)中作定語，后面要把名詞加；名物代詞能力強(qiáng)，自己獨(dú)來又獨(dú)往；句子成分主表賓，后面名詞不再加。反身代詞的用法類別作用例句作賓語動(dòng)詞或介詞之后He can take care of himself. 他可以照顧自己。作表語系動(dòng)詞之后The poor boy in the st

5、ory was myself. 故事里的可憐孩子就是我自己。作同位語(2017省卷24題)名詞或代詞之后或句末I myself did it.=I did it myself. 我自己做到了。拓展反身代詞的相關(guān)搭配dress oneself 自己穿衣服 by oneself 單獨(dú)地，獨(dú)自地keep sth. to oneself 保密 prove oneself 證明自己enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 hurt oneself 傷害自己teach oneself 自學(xué) learn by oneself 自學(xué)for oneself 為自己，親自 come to oneself 恢復(fù)，蘇醒l

6、ose oneself 失去自我 devote oneself (to) 獻(xiàn)身于help oneself (to) 自用(食物等)考點(diǎn)小練1.My brother likes painting. Its one of hobbies. A. my B. her C. his D. yourC2.Sally, may I use your iPad? is broken. OK, here you are. A. Your B. Yours C. Mine D. MyC3.Let me help you carry the books. No, thank you. We can do it b

7、y . A. we B. us C. our D. ourselvesD4.Sonia, is this your dictionary? No, its not . Ask Alan. Maybe it belongs to . A. my; him B. my; his C. mine; him D. mine; hisC5.He is my brother, and name is Tom. A. her B. his C. he D. himB2普通不定代詞(2017省卷28題) 甘肅近3年中考重點(diǎn)考查普通不定代詞，尤以both, other, the other, others, a

8、nother， neither的考查頻率較高，偶爾涉及對either, none, all 等詞的考查。學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)過程中應(yīng)掌握普通不定代詞的基本用法。 1.常見的普通不定代詞some, any(a)few, (a) littleone, other, another, others, the other, the othersmany, muchneither, noneeach, eitherboth, all2.常見普通不定代詞辨析both, either, neither, all和none的辨析：代詞意義及用法常用短語例句both“兩者都”, 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)bothand和

9、都；both of兩者都Both of the two boys are clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。either“（兩者中）任何一個(gè)”， 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)eitheror或者或者；要么要么Either of the twins is able to come, the other has to look after their sick mother.雙胞胎中的一個(gè)能來，另一個(gè)必須照顧他們生病的母親。neither（兩者）都不”, 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)neithernor既不也不；neither of兩者都不Neither of the two boys is brav

10、e. 兩個(gè)男孩都不勇敢。all“（三者或三者以上）全部都”, 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)all of（三者或三者以上）都All of the flowers are gone. 所有的花都謝了。none“（三者或三者以上中）沒有一個(gè)”none of （三者或三者以上中）沒有一個(gè)I like none of the books. 這些書我都不喜歡。some 與any代詞意義及用法例句some“一些”, 既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞, 又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞；多用在肯定句中；還可以用在表示邀請、請求或期待得到肯定回答的疑問句中You must be thirsty. Can I get you some te

11、a？你一定渴了, 我給你拿點(diǎn)茶水，好嗎？Thanks. 謝謝。any“一些”, 既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞, 又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞；多用在否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中；用在肯定句中表示“任何一個(gè)/些This is the last chance for any of us. 對于我們中的任何人來說, 這都是最后一次機(jī)會。each與every代詞用法each用作形容詞或代詞，可單獨(dú)使用“each/every+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體強(qiáng)指兩者或兩者以上的人或事物中的“每一個(gè)”后可加of短語every僅作定語，不可單獨(dú)使用強(qiáng)調(diào)整體指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一個(gè)”后不可加of短

12、語a few, few, a little和little的辨析詳解見本書第一部分講解。考點(diǎn)小練6.Lynn has two skirts. One is yellow, and is black. A. other B. others C. the other D. anotherC7.My uncle has two children. But of them lives with him. A. each B. neither C. either D. bothB8.Which would you like, rice or noodles? is OK. Im hungry. A. Ei

13、ther B. Both C. Neither D. AllA9.The task is so difficult that of the students can finish it alone. A. both B. neither C. all D. noneD10.I tried two bookshops for the dictionary I wanted, but of them had it. A. either B. both C. neither D. noneC11.If you have new messages about it, please call me. A

14、. any B. few C. each D. littleA12.The question is so difficult that students can answer it. A. few B. many C. most D. muchA3復(fù)合不定代詞 甘肅近3年中考真題考查復(fù)合不定代詞的情況主要分為兩種：復(fù)合不定代詞的詞義辨析；形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的位置及something與anything的區(qū)別。詞根-one（指人）-body（指人）-thing（指物）some（肯定）someone(某人）somebody(某人）something(某事，某物)any（否定/肯定）anyone（

15、任何人）anybody（任何人）anything（任何事）every（肯定）everyone（每個(gè)人）everybody（每個(gè)人）everything（每件事，一切）no（否定）no one（沒有人）nobody（沒有人）nothing(什么都沒有)1.初中階段常見的復(fù)合不定代詞(2017省卷51題)2.復(fù)合不定代詞的用法(1)由some和any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞的區(qū)別與some和any的區(qū)別基本相同。someone, somebody, something通常用于肯定句中；anyone, anybody, anything通常用于否定句、疑 問句或條件狀語從句中。(2)當(dāng)形容詞或else(另

16、外)修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，形容詞或else必須放在復(fù)合不定代詞之后。如： There is something interesting in the book. 這本書里有一些有趣的東西。(3)復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語、賓語和表語，不能作定語。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： Somebody is speaking in the empty house. 有人在那個(gè)空房子里說話。3.復(fù)合不定代詞常用句型(1)There is something wrong with意為“出問題了”。如：There is something wrong with the car. 這輛汽車出問題了。(2)has s

17、omething/nothing to do with意為“與有/無關(guān)”。如：The case has nothing to do with me. 這件事與我無關(guān)。(3)sb. can do nothing but意為“某人什么都不能做只能”。如：We can do nothing but wait. 我們什么都不能做，只能等待?？键c(diǎn)小練13.Taobao is a very popular shopping website. People can buy almost on it. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everythingD14.P

18、lease hurry up, Peter. is waiting for you outside. A. Nobody B. Somebody C. Anybody D. EverybodyB15.This is really bad news. Our teacher is too angry to say . A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everythingC16.The room is empty. I cant find in it. A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybodyC17.W

19、ho lives together with that old woman? . She lives alone. Li Jing and I come to see her every Saturday. A. Nobody B. Somebody C. Anybody D. Everybody18. is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is. OK, Mom. A. Someone B. Anyone C. Everyone D. No one19.Is there in todays newspaper? Yes, quite a lot

20、. A. anything interesting B. nothing interesting C. interested anything D. interested somethingAAA4指示代詞1.常見指示代詞的基本用法代詞用法例句it特指上下文提到的對象是同一事物The book is mine. Its very interesting. 這本書是我的。它很有趣。one泛指上下文提及的同類事物中的一個(gè)，同類而不同一Who has a novel named Tiny Times? 誰有小時(shí)代這本小說？I have one. 我有一本。that（復(fù)數(shù)those）（復(fù)數(shù)those）

21、常用來指代離自己較遠(yuǎn)的人或物Is that a panda over there? 在那邊的是一只熊貓嗎？常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞，以避免重復(fù)The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shenzhen. 北京的天氣比深圳冷。this（復(fù)數(shù)these）常用來指代離自己較近的人或物This is my friend Jane. 這是我的朋友簡。2.it 的常見用法(1)指代上文已經(jīng)提到或下文將要提到的事或物。(2)指自然現(xiàn)象、時(shí)間、距離和溫度等。(3)作形式主語，代替由不定代詞或從句等所表示的真正主語。常用于以下六種句型中：Its

22、+adj.(+for/of sb.)to do sth. 做某事(對某人來說)是的/(某人)做 某事是的。如： Its very important for us to eat breakfast every day. 對我們而言每天吃早餐很重要。Its time to do/for/that是(做)的時(shí)間了。如： Its time to get up. 該起床了。It seems that好像。如： It seems that the boy is very interested in Chinese paintings. 這個(gè)男孩好像對中國畫很感興趣。Its ones turn to do

23、 sth. 輪到某人做某事。如： Its your turn to clean the classroom. 輪到你打掃教室了。Its+adj.+that從句,是的。如： Its impossible that we finish the work in two days. 我們在兩天之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是不可能的。It takes(sb.)+一段時(shí)間+to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)(某人)多長時(shí)間。如： It took him three hours to get to the train station. 到火車站花了他三個(gè)小時(shí)。(4)it作形式賓語, 代替由動(dòng)詞不定式或從句等表示的真正賓語

24、, 常用在 動(dòng)詞find, think, make, consider, feel等之后。如： I find it important to learn history. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)歷史很重要。 I think it necessary that we drink plenty of water every day. 我認(rèn)為我們每天喝大量的水是很有必要的。考點(diǎn)小練20.Your hometown is really nice! The air quality is as good as of Sanya. A. it B. one C. that D. this21.Have you learned the new words? I think are very useful to you. A. this B. it C. that D. these22.Hello, Linda speaking. Whos that? Hello, is Martin. A. one B. that C. this D. it23.Bill thought necessary to work with friends an