高考英語（牛津譯林版）一輪總復(fù)習(xí)配套課件：語法專題突破 專題四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（共56張）

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的意義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，往往和后面的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語部分，在不同的語境中表達(dá)不同的情感和語氣，從而突出語言在交流中的作用和魅力。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在高考中所占的比分也比較大，往往出現(xiàn)在單選，完形以及改錯(cuò)題中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是每年高考必出到考點(diǎn)之一。試題的立意不偏不怪，但是有效信息越來越隱蔽，情景越來越生動(dòng)、真實(shí)，考查角度越來越細(xì)微化、綜合化。 一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法(1)能、會(huì)(表示能力)He can speak English better than you.注意：be able to強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過努力、克服困難等完成某事；則was/were able to表示過去經(jīng)過努力等成功的作成了某事；

2、could表示原來具備某種能力，現(xiàn)在沒有這種能力了(2)能夠、可以(表示可能、許可)“May I use your telephone”Yes，you can./You cant park your car in this street.注意：此時(shí)，can可以表示理論上的或邏輯上的可能性，或偶爾發(fā)生的事情，或一時(shí)的事情或特有的事情。It can be windy on the top of the mountain./She can be forgettable sometimes./Tigers can be dangerous./Jogging can be harmful for the

3、 health.The temperature can fall to60.(氣溫可降至零下60)(3)請(qǐng)作、得(表示溫和的命令)I will do the cooking，and you can do the washing.我來作飯，請(qǐng)你去洗衣服。 (4)能不能，要不要。(用于疑問句，表示客氣的請(qǐng)求、提議)Can you give me a lift to the station?Cant you lend me 10 dollars？請(qǐng)你借給我10美元吧？高考體驗(yàn)1(2013江西卷)When I was a child, I_ watch TV whenever I wanted to.

4、Ashould Bcould Cmust Dneed答案B考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，我什么時(shí)候想看電視就可以看。根據(jù)題干中的whenever I wanted to可知，此空應(yīng)填could，表示一般的能力，指想作就能作到。2(2013湖南卷)He _sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.Awouldnt BshouldntCcouldnt Dmustnt答案C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：盡管他想睡，但仍睡不著，(因?yàn)?當(dāng)時(shí)他拼命想著一個(gè)主意，一

5、直到想出來為止他才睡去。此處couldnt表示“不可能”，符合句意。(5)表請(qǐng)求、建議、命令、允許、允諾、禁止、義務(wù)、責(zé)任高考體驗(yàn)3(2012上海卷)The new law states that people_ drive after drinking alcohol.Awouldnt BneedntCwont Dmustnt答案D句意：新法律聲明人們不準(zhǔn)酒后駕車。mustnt“不準(zhǔn)”，表示禁止。4(2012遼寧卷)One of our rules is that every student _wear school uniform while at school. Amight Bcoul

6、d Cshall Dwill答案C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我們的一條規(guī)定是學(xué)生在校時(shí)都必須要穿校服。shall用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。5(2010遼寧卷)Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it_be regular exercise.Acan Bwill Cmust Dmay答案C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：醫(yī)生說，鍛煉對(duì)于健康很重要，但是必須是有規(guī)律的鍛煉。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must表示“必須”，符合語意。 (6)表必要性must do sth表示“必須作某事”neednt/dont have to表示“

7、不必”You dont have to buy a gift, but you can if you want to.(2010湖南卷)你沒必要買一個(gè)禮物，但是如果你想的話可以買一個(gè)。高考體驗(yàn)6(2012全國(guó)卷)I _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.Acouldnt BmustntCshouldnt Dneednt答案D考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我不需要用鬧鐘叫我起床，因?yàn)槊刻煸缟狭c(diǎn)都會(huì)有一列火車經(jīng)過我家門口。應(yīng)選“不需要”，即neednt。7(2011

8、福建卷)Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _， in case he comes late for the meeting.Awill Bmust Cmay Dcan答案B考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。依據(jù) in case he comes late for the meeting 可知，這里用 must 表示“必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)提醒時(shí)間安排的變化的“必要性”。(7)表意愿、決心will/would可與各種人稱連用，表示主語的意志或決心。will表示意愿時(shí)其否定形式wont通常用于有生命體，但有時(shí)也

9、用于無生命體，這時(shí)把無生命體擬人化了。Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.(2011重慶卷)你昨晚為什么沒有參加Simon的聚會(huì)？我想去，但是媽媽不愿意讓我自己在這么晚的時(shí)間出去。I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.我已再三告訴他戒煙，但是他就是不聽。高考體驗(yàn)8(2013新課標(biāo)卷)The door

10、 _open, no matter how hard she pushed.Ashouldnt BcouldntCwouldnt Dmightnt答案C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：無論她怎么努力去推，這扇門就是打不開。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will表示事物的傾向和特性，意為“總是，會(huì)”。因后半句用的是一般過去時(shí)，因此空處應(yīng)用will的過去式would。9(2012江蘇卷)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _say where he was.Amustnt BshouldntCwouldnt Dmightnt答案C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：

11、幾天后，我哥哥打 說他一切都好，但不愿意說他在哪兒。mustnt意為“禁止”；shouldnt意為“不應(yīng)該”；wouldnt在此意為“不愿意”；mightnt意為“或許不”。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的三種句式 (1)在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may(可能)，might / could(也許，或許)。He must/may/might know the answer to this question他一定/可能/也許知道這個(gè)問題的答案。 It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷，他們肯

12、定把暖氣關(guān)了。 (2)否定句中用cant / couldnt(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。 It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家鄉(xiāng)在三月份通常很暖和，但有時(shí)候也會(huì)相當(dāng)冷。Lets visit Tom together, Stephen.Theres no need to do so. He cant be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this mornin

13、g.Stephen，咱們一起拜訪湯姆吧。沒必要這樣作。他一定不在家，因?yàn)榻裉煸绯课铱匆娝巧狭孙w往北京的航班。 (3)疑問句中用can/could (能)。Could he have finished the task?他可能把任務(wù)完成了嗎？ Mr.Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生作什么事情都很準(zhǔn)時(shí)，他怎么可能開會(huì)遲到呢？ 注意：以上三種句式中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。might, could并非may, can的過去式，而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小

14、。 【點(diǎn)津】 mustnt不表推測(cè)，而是表示禁止。Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh, sorry.(2009湖南卷)這是辦公室！所以你一定知道這里不許吃東西。噢，對(duì)不起。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的三種時(shí)態(tài) (1)對(duì)將來情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞原形”。 ：00前她一定/可能/也許到。 She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 她一定/可能/也許會(huì)在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個(gè)人。

15、 (2)對(duì)現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be”，“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be doing”或“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞原形”。 He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機(jī)。 He cant ( couldnt ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 這個(gè)時(shí)候他不可能/可能不在家。 Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can (could) he be late for the opening ceremo

16、ny? 布什先生一向準(zhǔn)時(shí)，這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢？ (3)對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have 過去分詞”。 It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地濕了，昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。 The door was locked.He can (could) not / may (might) not have been at home . 門鎖著，他不可能/可能不在家。 Can / Could he have gotten the book?難道他找到書了嗎？ 高考體驗(yàn)1(2013

17、重慶卷)What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure, but I_ go to the Rolling Stones concert.Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight答案D考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。由答語中的“Im not sure”可知，答話人對(duì)自己的安排還不能確定，因此用might，表示“可能，或許”。must表示肯定的推測(cè)，意為“必須，一定”；would表示意愿；should表示“應(yīng)該”。2(2013安徽卷)It_ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exerci

18、se because you know a lot of words.Amay BcouldntCshould Dneednt答案B考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：你難以完成那道練習(xí)題不可能是詞匯量的原因，因?yàn)槟阏莆樟舜罅康脑~匯。根據(jù)原因狀語從句because you know a lot of words可知，主句應(yīng)該是否定的，A和C可排除；neednt表示“不必”，不符合題意。此處表示可能性，故選B。3(2010北京卷)Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah, good

19、 morning. You _ be Mrs. Peters.Amight Bmust Cwould Dcan答案B考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。第一句說明和史密斯女士有約定，所以秘書判斷一定是。must在此表示推測(cè)，意為“一定”，符合語境。三、虛擬語氣在虛擬條件句中的應(yīng)用 類別從句謂語動(dòng)詞主句謂語動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式(be用were)should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反had過去分詞should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞 與將來事實(shí)相反過去式(be用were)should/ would/could/ might動(dòng)詞原形should動(dòng)詞原形wer

20、e to動(dòng)詞原形if省略句如果虛擬條件句中含有were/had/should，有時(shí)可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主語之前形成倒裝，若為否定形式，not不可提前?；旌蠗l件句有時(shí)條件句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它們各自表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。含蓄條件句有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表達(dá)，而是用but for，without等介詞(短語)或上下文來表示條件。用連詞otherwise，or等暗示后文與前面的情況相反，從而引出后文的虛擬語氣。虛擬條件通過but暗示出來，模式為“虛擬情況but真實(shí)情況”。I should not have laughed if I

21、had thought you were serious.(2013江蘇卷)如果我當(dāng)時(shí)認(rèn)為你是認(rèn)真的，我就不會(huì)笑了。I would have come sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.(2011天津卷)我本該早一些到，但我不知道他們?cè)诘任?。高考體驗(yàn)1(2013福建卷)Do you think George has passed the driving test?No. If so, he _his car to our college yesterday.Awould drive BdroveCwould have d

22、riven Dhad driven答案C考查虛擬語氣。句意：“你認(rèn)為喬治通過駕照考試了嗎？”“沒有。如果通過的話，昨天他就會(huì)開車來我們大學(xué)了?！苯Y(jié)合語境可知，此處是對(duì)過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，主句應(yīng)用would/should/might/could have done結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。2(2013重慶卷)It rained cats and dogs this morning.Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _.Ahadnt BhaventCdidnt Ddont答案A考查虛擬語氣。此處表示與過

23、去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，故從句謂語動(dòng)詞用had done形式。從句補(bǔ)充完整為“if we hadnt taken an umbrella”。3(2013天津卷)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he_able to speak it much better now.Awill be Bwould beChas been Dwould have been答案B考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果他以前花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間練習(xí)英語口語的話，他現(xiàn)在就能說得更好。此題考查混合條件句中的虛擬語氣，根據(jù)語境和時(shí)間狀語可知，從句是對(duì)過去情況的

24、虛擬，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，故選B。一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的其他常見用法(1)can的否定式與比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)(2)can的否定式與enough或too(much)連用表示“再也不為過”(3)must可表示“偏要，硬要”，常用于疑問句式條件狀語從句(4)may as well表示“最好；不妨”(5)would可表示過去的習(xí)慣，與used to相比，前者常表示過去反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，后者常表示過去的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在 (6)should有時(shí)表示說話人對(duì)某事感到意外、驚奇、意為“竟然會(huì)”You cant be too careful while driving.開車時(shí)越小心越好。If you think

25、 the price of beef is too high, you may as well buy some pork. It depends on you.如果你認(rèn)為牛肉太貴的話，你不妨買些豬肉。你自己決定。If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.(2011遼寧卷)如果你非要走的話，至少等到暴風(fēng)雨結(jié)束。高考體驗(yàn)1(2013天津卷)No one _be more generous; he has a heart of gold.Acould Bmust Cdare Dneed答案A考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：沒有人比他更慷慨；他有

26、一顆金子般的心。could“可能”，用在否定句中表示推測(cè)；must“必須”；dare“膽敢，敢于”；need“需要”。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A。2(2012陜西卷)I_thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.Awont Bcant Ccan Dwill 答案B考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：當(dāng)我們不在家時(shí)，你對(duì)我兒子的幫助，我對(duì)你怎樣感謝也不過分。cant . too much 表示“怎樣也不過分”。3(2012重慶卷)_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on

27、 the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.ACan BShould CMust DWould答案C考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：“你偏要現(xiàn)在打擾我嗎？難道你沒有看到我正在打 嗎？”“對(duì)不起，先生，但是情況太緊急了。”must表示“偏要，硬要”。故選C項(xiàng)。二、虛擬語氣在其他從句中的應(yīng)用(1)虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用wish后面的賓語從句與現(xiàn)在相反從句用一般過去時(shí)與過去相反從句用過去完成時(shí)與將來相反從句用would動(dòng)詞原形I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鳥，能在天空自

28、由飛翔。表示主張、命令、建議、要求等詞后的賓語從句和同位語從句中常用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)?！军c(diǎn)津】 當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為；堅(jiān)持說”；suggest表示“暗示，表明”時(shí)后面的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and should be set free at once.這個(gè)年輕人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他沒有作錯(cuò)，應(yīng)該馬上被釋放。The girls pale face suggested that she was ill and I suggested that she go to see the doct

29、or at once. 這個(gè)女孩蒼白的臉色表明她病了，我建議她馬上去看醫(yī)生。My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend.(2013陜西卷)我母親建議我們換換口味，本周出去吃飯。Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(2010福建卷)老師們建議父母，為了安全不要讓他們12歲以下的孩子騎車上學(xué)。would rather后面的賓語從句，表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾磿r(shí)

30、從句用一般過去時(shí)；表示與過去相反時(shí)從句用過去完成時(shí)。George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he focused more on its culture.(2010江蘇卷)喬治將要談?wù)撽P(guān)于他的國(guó)家的地理情況，但是我寧愿他更多地談它的文化(方面的情況)。 (2)虛擬語氣在定語從句中的應(yīng)用Its (high/about) time (that) .句型中，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)或should動(dòng)詞原形(其中should不可省略)，句意為“確實(shí)到了的時(shí)候了”。Its high time th

31、at measures should be taken to prevent air pollution.是時(shí)候采取措施防止空氣污染了。 (3)虛擬語氣在as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的應(yīng)用表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時(shí)；表示與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind.他站起來給她讓座，他好像讀懂了她的心思。(4)虛擬語氣在if only感嘆句中的應(yīng)用if only 句子 I wish (that)從句。If only I were a bird and could fly freel

32、y in the sky!我要是一只小鳥能夠在天空自由飛翔該有多好！Look at the trouble we are in. If only we had taken our teachers advice!看看我們所處的困境，要是我們當(dāng)初聽從老師的建議該有多好！ 高考體驗(yàn)1(2013浙江卷)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _at the age of six months old.Awas Bbe Cwere Dis答案B考查虛擬語氣。此處考查的是recommend后面賓語從句中的虛擬語氣，根據(jù)語法規(guī)則可知，從句中謂語

33、動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should可以省略，故選B項(xiàng)。2(2012遼寧卷)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _something instead of just talking. Awill do Bhas doneCdo Ddid 答案D考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。在句型 “Its high time that .”中， 從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)或should do，所以選D項(xiàng)。3(2012北京卷)Dont handle the vase as if it_made of steel.Ais BwereChas been Dha

34、d been答案B考查虛擬語氣。句意：不要把花瓶像它似乎是鋼制的一樣來拿。as if表示“似乎，好像”，引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語氣，再結(jié)合主句的時(shí)態(tài)可知是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬，所以用一般過去時(shí)were。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done用法must have done一定作過某事，其否定形式為cant/couldnt have donecan/could have done(1)本來能夠作但卻未作(2)可能作過某事cant/couldnt have done不可能作過某事may/might have done或許/可能作過某事should/ought to have done本該作但卻未作，其否定形式表示本不該作但卻作了neednt have done作了本沒有必要作的事情Wang Yaping was the second woman to be sent into space in China.She must have gone through tough training.王亞平成為第二名被送入太空的中國(guó)女性。她肯定受過艱苦的訓(xùn)練。Mark neednt have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.(201