畜牧英語整套課件完整版PPT教學(xué)教程最全電子講義教案(最新)

1、Poultry Farming ManagementUnit OneIn this unit, you will learn: how to understand basic concepts and skills of hatching chicken eggs; how to talk about jobs in this field; how to be a poultry farmer.Poultry Farming ManagementUnit OnePart 1Lead-inPart 2Profession Zoom InPart 3Career Zoom InPart 4Real

2、-life PracticeLead-inPart 1Lead-inPart 1Task 1 Work in pairs. Watch a short video about how an egg becomes a chick. Work with your partner and try to fill in the following blanks.Chicken eggs require _ days to hatch. During the first three days, we can see the tissue development starts, the _ forms

3、and begins to beat from day 4 to day 6. Some joints, such as knees and elbows start forming and the wings can now bend. On the 8th day, a ridge of glands is formed where the feathers will appear on the tail and thighs. The head turns towards the _ end of the egg on the 14th day, the air cell becomes

4、 much smaller, and the yolk sac is _. On day 20, the yolk finishes being fully absorbed into the chick. This is what makes it possible for a hatchling to be able to survive without food or water for several hours. Its at this point that you may start to see a hole in the shell as the chick begins to

5、 _ through its egg tooth.21heartlargeabsorbedbreakLead-inPart 1Task 2 Put the following statements in the correct order according to what youve heard.A. They will be unable to produce strong egg shells.B. If the shells are weak and cracked when a hen sits or steps on them,C. If your chickens have a

6、calcium deficiency,D. And the shells provide the calcium she needs,E. Other hens will observe her behavior and follow her lead.F. She will begin cracking and eating them intentionally.G. Once she discovers they contain proteins and fats,H. The hen will eat the broken eggs.12345678Lead-inPart 1Words

7、& Expressionshatch v. 孵出；出殼joint n. 關(guān)節(jié)elbow n. 肘，肘部thigh n. 大腿absorb into 吸收，并入at this point 此時此刻Profession Zoom InPart 2ReadingHatching Chicken Eggs in an Incubator Hatching chicken eggs is an extremely rewarding experience, which requires good planning, dedication, flexibility and observation skil

8、ls. Chicken eggs have an incubation period of about 21 days and can be hatched in a specialized incubator under carefully monitored conditions.Selecting Eggs for HatchingTake the size of the eggs, their shape, the cleanness and condition of the shells into account, and the breed of hen you wish to o

9、btain. Large eggs hatch poorly and small eggs produce small chicks. The eggs with cracked or thin shells have difficulty retaining the moisture needed for proper chick development，and also make it easier for disease to penetrate.The eggs should be selected from breeding hens that are well developed,

10、 mature and healthy; and they should produce a high percentage of fertile eggs.Preparing the IncubatorBefore starting to hatch the chicken eggs, be sure the incubator is working properly, and you know how to operate it.Do not place it near a window where it will be exposed to sunlight. The suns heat

11、 can raise the temperature high enough to kill the developing embryos.ChineseProfession Zoom InPart 2孵化箱孵化小雞孵化雞蛋是一個需要妥善規(guī)劃、細(xì)心照料、靈活機(jī)動和仔細(xì)觀察技巧的非常有意義的過程。通過孵化箱嚴(yán)控溫濕度，經(jīng)大約21天，雞蛋成功孵化為小雞。雞蛋的選擇要考慮雞蛋的蛋形指數(shù)、清潔衛(wèi)生、蛋殼質(zhì)量和雞品種。過大雞蛋孵化率差，過小雞蛋易產(chǎn)生弱雛；破殼或薄殼蛋不能保持小雞正常生長所需的水分，也是疾病的誘因。應(yīng)選取健康雞群所生的蛋，這樣易提高蛋的受精率。準(zhǔn)備孵化物孵化前，首先確保孵化箱的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和

12、知道如何操作。不要將孵化箱放在靠近陽光照射的窗戶附近。太陽的熱量可以提高溫度到足以殺死發(fā)育中的胚胎。EnglishProfession Zoom InPart 2ReadingTemperatureThe most crucial factor during incubation (especially during the first week) is the temperature. The optimal temperature in the first two weeks is 38.9. An increase in temperature at the same time as a

13、 drop in humidity can have disastrous results. Drops in temperature will delay hatching but are less harmful than increases in temperature. From day 19 onward, the temperature should be reduced to 36.1 because the chicks will be producing their own heat.HumidityThe moisture level in the incubator sh

14、ould be about 50 to 65 percent relative humidity (60 percent is often considered ideal). Moisture is provided by a pan of water under the egg tray. The water surface should be at least half as large as the surface of the egg tray. Add warm water to the pan as necessary. If more humidity is needed, i

15、ncrease the size of the pan or add a wet sponge. Humidity adjustment can also be made by increasing or decreasing ventilation.VentilationVentilation is adjusted by increasing or decreasing openings in the sides or top of the incubator. Normal air exchange is needed during the embryos development and

16、 should be increased as the chicks begin to hatch. The embryos need oxygen and produce carbon dioxide. However, the correct relative humidity must be maintained until most of the chicks are out of their shells. Do not open the incubator unless necessary during the last 3 days of incubation.ChinesePr

17、ofession Zoom InPart 2溫度在整個孵化期（尤其是第一周），溫度是至關(guān)重要的因素。前兩周的最佳溫度是38.9。溫度過高過低都可能對胚胎產(chǎn)生毀滅性的打擊，溫度過低會延長孵化期，但較之溫度升高而言，危害要小一些。從第19天起，溫度應(yīng)該降低到36.1，因?yàn)樾‰u會產(chǎn)生自己的熱量。濕度孵化器應(yīng)保持50%60%的相對濕度（通常認(rèn)為60%是理想值）。水分由蛋盤下面的一鍋水提供。水面應(yīng)至少是蛋盤表面的一半大小，根據(jù)需要向鍋中加入溫水，如果需要更多的濕度，請?jiān)黾渝伒某叽缁蛱砑訚窈＞d。也可以通過增加或減少通風(fēng)來進(jìn)行濕度調(diào)節(jié)。通風(fēng)通風(fēng)是通過增加或減少孵化器兩側(cè)或頂部的開口來調(diào)節(jié)的。在胚胎發(fā)育過程中

18、需要正常的空氣交換，并且隨著雛鳥開始孵化而增加。胚胎需要氧氣，產(chǎn)生二氧化碳。然而，必須保持正確的相對濕度，直到大多數(shù)小雞離開蛋殼。在孵化的最后3天內(nèi)，除非必要，否則不要打開孵化箱。 EnglishProfession Zoom InPart 2ReadingTurning the EggsMake sure that the eggs are turned 3 times a day for the first 19 days. After that, it is no longer necessary to turn the eggs. It is the most important th

19、at you turn the eggs within regular time. Turning the eggs is very easy with an automatic egg turner. You can also turn the eggs by hand. It should be done gently but you should not lose time. To prevent the incubator from cooling down, leave the door of the incubator closed as much as possible when

20、 you turn the eggs.Candling the EggsCandling is best started on the 9th day of incubation, and remove any infertile eggs or eggs containing dead chicks from the incubator. A second candling should be done after 14 to 18 days of incubation. Once again remove all the dead embryos and check the humidit

21、y levels. Do not candle the eggs after the 18th day so as not to disturb the growing chicks.Keeping RecordsIt is very important to write down the date on which the eggs are put into the incubator. Note the temperature and humidity twice a day. If hatching results are poor at the end of the incubatio

22、n periods, your records will tell you whether the temperature or the humidity is to blame. Normally hatching rates vary from 50% to 70%.ChineseProfession Zoom InPart 2翻蛋確保雞蛋在頭19天每天翻3次。在那之后，再也不需要把雞蛋翻過來了。這是最重要的，你把雞蛋在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)。用自動翻蛋器轉(zhuǎn)動雞蛋很容易。你也可以用手把雞蛋翻過來。這件事應(yīng)該做得很輕，但你不能浪費(fèi)時間。為了防止孵化器冷卻，當(dāng)你打開雞蛋時，盡可能地關(guān)閉孵化器的門。照蛋孵

23、化第9 天開始進(jìn)行光照，剔除無精蛋、死精蛋。孵化1418 天后應(yīng)進(jìn)行二次照蛋。再次清除所有死胚蛋，檢查濕度水平。18 天后建議不照蛋，以免擾亂正在生長的小雞。做記錄記錄入孵時間很重要。注意每天記錄溫度濕度兩次。如果在孵化期結(jié)束時，孵化率低，你的記錄將告訴你溫度或濕度水平是否出現(xiàn)了問題。小雞的正常的孵化率一般介于50%70%之間。EnglishProfession Zoom InPart 2VocabularyProfession Zoom InPart 2Phrases and Expressionstake . into account 考慮；重視carbon dioxide 二氧化碳aut

24、omatic egg turner 自動翻蛋機(jī)incubation period 孵化期Profession Zoom InPart 2Language Points & Cultural Tipsincubator: it is a device which artificially stimulates the egg-laying animals living conditions, such as the temperature, humidity and egg turning, through which the fertilized eggs can develop into c

25、hicks after a certain period of time. It is mainly used in egg hatching, embryonic development, etc. 孵化箱是指通過人工模擬卵生動物的生存環(huán)境，如溫度、濕度、翻蛋，使受精蛋發(fā)育成生命的機(jī)箱，主要用于種蛋孵化、胚胎發(fā)育等。Profession Zoom InPart 2Text Understanding Hints1122Hatching chicken eggs is an extremely rewarding experience, which requires good planning

26、,dedication, flexibility and observation skills. 孵化雞蛋是一個需要妥善規(guī)劃、細(xì)心照料、靈活機(jī)動和仔細(xì)觀察技巧的非常有意義的過程。which 在這里引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾前面整個句子。Ventilation is adjusted by increasing or decreasing openings in the sides or top of the incubator.風(fēng)可以通過增減孵化箱四周及頂部的開放次數(shù)來進(jìn)行調(diào)整。Profession Zoom InPart 2Text Understanding Hints33Candling

27、 is best started on the 9th day of incubation, and remove any infertile eggs or eggs containing dead chicks from the incubator.孵化第9天開始進(jìn)行光照，并從孵化箱中剔除無精蛋、死精蛋。containing dead chicks from the incubator 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語，在這里做后置定語修飾前面的先行詞eggs。Profession Zoom InPart 2Exercises1.crackeda. 空氣流通2. ventilationb. 孵化3. fer

28、tilec. 殼4. automatic egg turnerd. 光照5. candlee. 濕度6. moisturef. 胚胎7. humidityg. 破裂的8. shellh. 自動翻蛋機(jī)9. incubationi. 濕度10. embryoj. 能生育的gajhdiecTask 1 Match the words or phrases on the left with their corresponding Chinese meanings on the right.bfProfession Zoom InPart 2ExercisesTask 2 Complete the fo

29、llowing sentences with the given words and phrases in the following box. Change the form if necessary.expose take . into account blame removemake sure delay prevent . from oxygen1. You didnt _ our different backgrounds _.2. We now have to _ by controlling the temperature that they do not reproduce.3

30、. Nothing can _ me _ studying English4. Do not _ this medicine to the sun.takeinto accountmake surepreventfromexposeProfession Zoom InPart 2ExercisesTask 2 Complete the following sentences with the given words and phrases in the following box. Change the form if necessary.expose take . into account

31、blame removemake sure delay prevent . from oxygen5. The dense fog _ the planes start.6. Anderson _ his father for his failure.7. All plants and animals need _ to live.8. If we have fear and despair in us, we cannot _ the suffering in society.delayedblamedoxygenremoveProfession Zoom InPart 2Exercises

32、Task 3 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.1. Large eggs produce big chicks and small eggs hatch poorly.2. The eggs should be selected from breeding hens that are well developed, mature and healthy; and they should produce a high percentage of fert

33、ile eggs.3. The suns heat can increase the temperature and kill the developing embryos.4. The most crucial factor during incubation is the humidity.5. A second candling should be done after 14 to 18 days of incubation.6. If hatching results are poor at the end of the incubation periods, your records

34、 will tell you nothing.FTTFTFProfession Zoom InPart 2ListeningListen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks with what youve heard.Kid: Should the eggs be washed before putting into the incubator?Guide:Absolutely not. There are _ on the eggs. If these coatings are washed off, they can affect the eggs

35、 development.Kid: Why is the _ end of each egg higher than the pointy end?Guide: It is very important. If the pointy end is higher, the chick may have difficulty _.Kid: Oh, look！A little chick is breaking the egg shell. Its coming out. It seems difficult. Can we help it?Guide: Better not. Let it alo

36、ne. _ the shell is a good exercise for it. Trying to break it out of its shell can hurt the chick or even cause fatal injuries.Kid: OK. _ should they be kept in the incubator after the egg hatches?Guide: 24 hours. It needs time to absorb the rest of its nutrient and dry off.Kid:What will it eat?Guid

37、e: We can serve it some warm water and ground rice, and then it can survive.coatingslargerpipingprocessHow longProfession Zoom InPart 2SpeakingMake a similar dialogue based on the listening material above with the help of the useful expressions given below.Useful expressions you may use：There are .T

38、he process of .How long should . been done?Career Zoom InPart 3ReadingWhat Is a Poultry Farmer? A poultry farmer is someone who raises domesticated birds such as geese, ducks, turkeys or chickens for the purpose of farming meat or eggs for sale and consumption. A poultry farmer typically raises a si

39、ngle type of poultry, with more than half of the poultry farming industry raising chickens.What Does a Poultry Farmer DoChickens may be farmed for their eggs or meat. Chicken farmers are in charge of making sure their coops are regularly cleaned of all fecal matters to reduce the risk of spreading d

40、isease among the chickens. They also make sure that the chickens have fresh feed and water in the morning. Farmers will take a walk through the chicken coops a few times a day for two reasons: they want the chickens to become accustomed to people, and it allows the farmers to check for any chickens

41、that seem sick or injured. They also ensure that the ventilation and temperature of the coops are at ideal levels for the chickens.Some chickens may spend their whole lives in a warehouse. Here, they are fed, watered, and then shipped to the production plant for slaughter. On some farms, chickens ar

42、e classified as free range, which means they are free to roam outside in enclosed space like a field. In the past few years, there has been an increase in demand for ethically farmed poultry, whichincludes adequate health care and enough space to roam where the chickens can interact with each other,

43、 perch, and peck at objects happily. Its important that chickens are able to express their normal behavior. Many poultry consumers no longer want to support large commercial farms that are overcrowded with birds or mistreat them.ChineseCareer Zoom InPart 3English什么是家禽養(yǎng)殖戶？家禽養(yǎng)殖戶就是飼養(yǎng)鵝，鴨，火雞或雞等家禽，并以出售和消費(fèi)

44、其肉和蛋為目的的人。一個家禽養(yǎng)殖戶通常飼養(yǎng)一種類型的家禽，50%以上是養(yǎng)雞。家禽養(yǎng)殖戶做什么？雞分為蛋用型和肉用型兩個品種。為了減少疾病在雞群中傳播的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，雞養(yǎng)殖戶通常會定期清除籠內(nèi)的排泄物，同時確保每天清晨讓雞群得到新鮮的飼料和水。為了能及時查看雞群有無異常狀況(生病或受傷)，飼養(yǎng)者會在籠間來回巡查，同時保證籠內(nèi)通風(fēng)、溫度達(dá)到理想狀態(tài)。一些雞群可能會一直采用籠養(yǎng)模式。他們在在雞籠內(nèi)采食、飲水,最后被裝御到屠宰點(diǎn)。而有些雞群卻采用散養(yǎng)模式，即讓雞群在一個封閉的戶外空間內(nèi)自由活動。在過去的幾年里，人性化飼養(yǎng)禽類呼聲高漲，其中包括要提供足夠的衛(wèi)生保健和運(yùn)動空間，以保障雞群間能夠快樂地相互交流、自由

45、棲息和覓食，雞群能夠行為正常非常重要。許多禽類消費(fèi)者不再希望看到過度擁擠或者受虐的大型商業(yè)農(nóng)場。Career Zoom InPart 3ReadingHow to Become a Poultry FarmerThere is no formal education required for becoming a poultry farmer, but there are a lot to learn before jumping into the role. Poultry farmers typically raise one single type of poultry (chicken

46、s, turkeys, geese or ducks). Once you determine the type of poultry that you would like to try your hand at, you need to get a job working on that type of farm, as the best way to train for this career is by learning the trade from experienced farmers. This will give you an idea of what is involved

47、in the work and how the lifecycle of the birds work.What is the Workplace of a Poultry Farmer LikeMany poultry farmers own their own farms, especially small-scale farms with only a few hundred birds. The bigger facilities that house thousands of birds will have more farmers on hand to raise them.Pou

48、ltry farmers work seven days a week, sometimes all day to ensure that their birds are taken care of. Its very important that a farmer is very clean before stepping into the poultry house to prevent the spread of diseases. Much of their work takes place outside or within the poultry residence.Chinese

49、Career Zoom InPart 3English如何成為養(yǎng)殖戶？成為養(yǎng)殖戶不一定要有正規(guī)的教育，但在從事這個行業(yè)之前須加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)。通常養(yǎng)殖戶只飼養(yǎng)一種禽類（如雞，火雞，鵝或鴨），一旦確定了想要飼養(yǎng)的家禽類型，那么養(yǎng)殖戶需要從事這類養(yǎng)殖場工作，向有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的養(yǎng)殖戶學(xué)習(xí)，是從事家禽飼養(yǎng)工作的最佳方式。這將使養(yǎng)殖戶了解養(yǎng)殖工作的特點(diǎn)及禽類的生命周期。家禽養(yǎng)殖者的工作環(huán)境是怎么樣的？許多養(yǎng)殖者都擁有自己的養(yǎng)殖場，特別是幾百只雞群的小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場。若要飼養(yǎng)上千只則需要更多的設(shè)施和飼養(yǎng)者。養(yǎng)殖者每周工作七天，有時候可能需要花費(fèi)一整天的時間照顧雞群。養(yǎng)殖者在進(jìn)入場內(nèi)時需換洗消毒，以防止疾病蔓延，這個尤其重要，

50、因?yàn)樗麄兊拇蟛糠謺r間都是在禽場內(nèi)外度過。Career Zoom InPart 3VocabularyCareer Zoom InPart 3Phrases and Expressionstry ones hand at 嘗試著做Career Zoom InPart 3Text Understanding Hints1122A poultry farmer typically raises a single type of poultry, with more than half of the poultry farming industry raising chickens.一個家禽養(yǎng)殖戶通常

51、飼養(yǎng)一種類型的家禽，50%以上是養(yǎng)雞。Chicken farmers are in charge of making sure their coops are regularly cleaned of all fecal matters to reduce the risk of spreading disease among the chickens. 為了減少疾病在雞群中傳播的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，雞養(yǎng)殖戶通常會定期清除籠內(nèi)的排泄物。in charge of 意為“負(fù)責(zé)，主管”。Career Zoom InPart 3Text Understanding Hints33In the past few ye

52、ars, there has been an increase in demand for ethically farmed poultry, which includes adequate health care and enough space to roam where the chickens can interact with each other, perch, and peck at objects happily. Its important that chickens are able to express their normal behavior.在過去的幾年里，人性化飼

53、養(yǎng)禽類呼聲高漲，其中包括要提供足夠的衛(wèi)生保健和運(yùn)動空間，以保障雞群間能夠快樂地相互交流、自由棲息和覓食，雞群能夠行為正常非常重要。Career Zoom InPart 3ExercisesTask 1 Answer the following questions according to the text.12What does a poultry farmer do?A poultry famer should clean the coops and have the fresh feed and water for the poultry; also they should walk th

54、rough the chicken coops a few times a day to ensure the ventilation and temperature of the coop.How to become a poultry farmer?They should get a job working on that type of farm.Career Zoom InPart 3ExercisesTask 1 Answer the following questions according to the text.3What is the workplace of a poult

55、ry farmer like?They like the farms with only a few hundred birds; They should be clean before they step into the poultry farms; much of their work takes place outside or within the poultry residence.Career Zoom InPart 3ExercisesTask 2 Fill in the blanks with proper information according to the text.

56、1Chicken farmers are _ making sure their coops are regularly cleaned of all fecal matters to reduce the risk of spreading disease among the chickens.2They also ensure that _ of the coops are at ideal levels for the chickens.3They are fed, watered, and then shipped to _ for slaughter.4This will give

57、you an idea of _ and how the lifecycle of the birds works.5Much of their work takes place _ the poultry residence.in charge ofthe ventilation and temperatureproduction plantwhat is involved in the workoutside or withinCareer Zoom InPart 3Career TipsWhat Makes a Successful Poultry FarmerTo be a succe

58、ssful poultry farmer, one needs a good understanding of poultry production, business practice, and management techniques.Work experience can give one the background needed to become a farm manager or to run ones own farm. Valuable training in poultry production is also available from high schools, t

59、echnical institutes , and colleges.Advancement Possibilities and Employment OutlooksThe financial risks are high in poultry farming, and farmers must invest a great deal of money, but the profit is small. In general, the chances for success are best for those who obtain the backing of an investment

60、group.Increasing productivity will contribute to the decline of poultry farmers in recent years, despite the high demand for poultry and eggs.Working ConditionsPoultry farmers set their own hours, which depend on the size of the farm and the number of laborers they employ. Poultry farmers who run sm