2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專(zhuān)項(xiàng)沖刺專(zhuān)題07動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)含解析

1、2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專(zhuān)項(xiàng)沖刺專(zhuān)題07動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)含解析2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專(zhuān)項(xiàng)沖刺專(zhuān)題07動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)含解析2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專(zhuān)項(xiàng)沖刺專(zhuān)題07動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)含解析專(zhuān)題07 【動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)】解題指導(dǎo)觸類(lèi)旁通尋方法，求策略，掌握“套路”準(zhǔn)確確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的“四個(gè)依據(jù)”依據(jù)一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),顧名思義就是指動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在不同時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式，因此時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的最直接的決定因素。依據(jù)二參照動(dòng)詞當(dāng)題干中沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不能完全決定所填動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)由其參照動(dòng)詞來(lái)決定。依據(jù)三句意或語(yǔ)境當(dāng)題干中無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及參照動(dòng)詞，或

2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和參照動(dòng)詞都不能確定所填動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),所填動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)由題干的具體意思或動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的語(yǔ)境來(lái)決定。依據(jù)四固定句式英語(yǔ)中有一些句式的時(shí)態(tài)常常很固定，如果題干中出現(xiàn)這類(lèi)句式，考生應(yīng)注意根據(jù)規(guī)則選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài).1It is the first/second/.。time that sb。 has/have done.。2It was the first/second/.time that sb。 had done.。.3Sb。 was/were doing sth。 when。did.4Hardly/Scarcely had sb. done sth. when.。.did.。5Sb。 be a

3、bout to do sth. when.。.did。.6Its （high) time that sb。 did sth。/should do sth。準(zhǔn)確確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的“八項(xiàng)注意1注意上下文中時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致：若上文是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則下文一般用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；若上文是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則下文一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2注意看主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,確定語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式：a.一般時(shí)：be done; b進(jìn)行時(shí):be being done; c完成時(shí)：has/have/had been done?！扒閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中be動(dòng)詞不可遺漏.及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ))之后若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；不及物動(dòng)詞（

4、短語(yǔ)）無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3。 注意解題時(shí)要首先找出句子的主語(yǔ)，然后確定主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系,如主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，動(dòng)詞則用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。只有及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。系動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).注意牢記常考的幾種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are done;一般過(guò)去時(shí):was/were done；一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will be done；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would be done；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are being done;過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being done；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：has/have been done；過(guò)去

5、完成時(shí)：had been done。(2）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be done。(3)牢記常考的不及物動(dòng)詞，如：happen、 occur、 belong to等。5. 注意熟用技巧1慧眼識(shí)別標(biāo)識(shí)詞在高考語(yǔ)法填空中，有時(shí)會(huì)給出時(shí)間標(biāo)志,考生可根據(jù)所給標(biāo)識(shí)詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)輕松得出答案。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：sometimes、 every week/day/year/morning等。一般過(guò)去時(shí):yesterday、 last week/night/year/month、 the other day、 in過(guò)去的年份、時(shí)間段ago、 時(shí)間段later等?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：look、 listen、 n

6、ow、 at present、 at this moment/time等.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：at that time/moment等.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：tomorrow、 next week/year、 in時(shí)間段、 in the future等。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):at six/this time tomorrow等?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：since時(shí)間點(diǎn)、 recently、 lately already、 so far、 ever since、 until now、 up to/until/by now、 now、 during/over/in the last/past時(shí)間段、 in/over recent時(shí)間段等

7、.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：by then、 until then、 by/before/till the end of過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)等。6。注意熟用技巧2參考語(yǔ)境和并列謂語(yǔ)(1）語(yǔ)境理解少不了：題干中沒(méi)給出具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)仔細(xì)分析設(shè)空處所在句前后句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，弄清動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間及順序，確定所填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).(2）瞻前顧后找并列:可根據(jù)并列連詞and、 but、 or、 as well as、 rather than、 both .。. and 。.、 neither .。 nor 。.、 either 。. or .。、 not only .。 but also .。.等前后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式確定

8、所填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)； 同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要一致。7.注意熟用技巧3主從句時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí).在賓語(yǔ)從句中，如主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)；從句表客觀事實(shí)或真理,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。8。注意熟用技巧4固定句式要牢記,祈使句and/or/otherwise陳述句，陳述句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。This/It/That isthe序數(shù)詞time（that)從句，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This/It/That wasthe序數(shù)詞time(that）從句，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí).It is/has

9、been時(shí)間段since sb。/sth. did 。.It is （high） time sb./sth。 did 。.。was/were doing sth。 when sb./sth。didno sooner/hardly had sb.done sth。than/when sb。/sth. didby the timesb。/sth。 did,主語(yǔ)had done考點(diǎn)突破針對(duì)提能明考點(diǎn)，攻重難，有效提升 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)一各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法考點(diǎn)一 一般時(shí)態(tài) (一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞（詞組)always, every time, now

10、 and then, occasionally， often, seldom， never, sometimes， usually， every day/night等連用。(陜西卷）On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles。周一早晨開(kāi)車(chē)上班我一般要花費(fèi)一個(gè)小時(shí)，雖然實(shí)際距離只有20英里。2按時(shí)間表、時(shí)刻表、日程表等安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。只限于go， arrive， leave, start， stay， r

11、eturn, begin， come， close等動(dòng)詞。The shop closes at 11：00 pm。every day.這家商店每天晚上11點(diǎn)關(guān)門(mén)。3如果主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),那么在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái).（江蘇卷）The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started。這位總統(tǒng)希望人民在他離任時(shí)比他剛上任時(shí)更富有.【名師點(diǎn)津】動(dòng)詞第三人稱的構(gòu)成一般情況直接加.sworkworks getgetssaysays readreads結(jié)尾為

12、s， 。x, 。sh, 。ch或。o,在詞尾加。esdiscussdiscusseswashwashesfixfixesteachteaches gogoes結(jié)尾為“輔音字母y”，變y為i再加。escarrycarriesstudystudiestrytriesflyfliescrycries（二)一般過(guò)去時(shí)1表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與often， usually， seldom 等表示頻度的副詞連用。還可以表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系，常與yesterday, the other day， last week, the day before y

13、esterday等過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.(2019江蘇卷） A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr.Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.史密斯先生到中國(guó)幾個(gè)月后，就喜歡上了那里的人和文化.2. 有些句子，雖然沒(méi)有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),但實(shí)際上指的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有know， think， expect, want等。(全國(guó)卷)Edward， you play so well.But I didnt know you played

14、the piano.愛(ài)德華，你彈得真好.但是我原來(lái)不知道你會(huì)彈鋼琴?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成一般情況在動(dòng)詞后加。edworkworkedplayplayedwantwanted以不發(fā)音的.e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加.dhopehopedlikeliked以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y為i再加edstudystudiedtrytried以重讀閉音節(jié)或/r/音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔音字母再加edstopstoppedpreferpreferredadmitadmittedpermitpermitted(三）一般將來(lái)時(shí)1“shall/will動(dòng)詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來(lái)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存

15、在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow， next year, in一段時(shí)間等連用。其中shall通常用于第一人稱，will通常用于各種人稱?！皐ill動(dòng)詞原形”還可以表示說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)做出的決定。(北京卷）The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.學(xué)生們一直在刻苦學(xué)習(xí)功課，他們的努力（將來(lái))一定會(huì)得到回報(bào).(北京卷)What time is it? -幾點(diǎn)了?I have no idea。But just

16、a minute, I will check it for you。我不知道。但是請(qǐng)稍等，我給您查查.2“be going to動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。(陜西卷)Dr。Smith, together with his wife and daughters， is going to visit Beijing this summer。史密斯博士將在今年夏天與他的妻子和女兒們一起游覽北京.Look， dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon, I think.瞧，烏云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了.3“

17、be to動(dòng)詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;也可表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、意圖、禁止等。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.到10點(diǎn)你必須得上交試卷。A meeting is to be held at 3 oclock this afternoon。會(huì)議將于今天下午3點(diǎn)舉行。4“be about to動(dòng)詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事,該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,可以和并列連詞when(and at this/that time）引導(dǎo)的從句連用。(全國(guó)卷）Tom was about to close the windows when

18、his attention was caught by a bird。湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶，就在這時(shí)一只鳥(niǎo)引起了他的注意?？键c(diǎn)二 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)（一)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，雖然此時(shí)此刻該動(dòng)作不一定正在進(jìn)行。（江蘇卷）We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.我們今天面對(duì)的是一個(gè)陌生的新世界，并且我們都在想我們將要怎么對(duì)待它.2表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如go, come, leave, start, arrive, retu

19、rn, work， sleep， stay， have， wear, run out等，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生或計(jì)劃要做的事。（重慶卷)Food supplies in the flood。stricken area are running out。We must act immediately before theres none left。洪災(zāi)區(qū)的食物供給快要用完了。我們必須在食物吃完前立刻行動(dòng)。（二)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at that time, at that moment， at this time ye

20、sterday, at ten oclock yesterday等連用。（北京卷） Susan had quit her well.paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year。蘇珊已經(jīng)辭去了高薪的工作.去年當(dāng)我探望她的時(shí)候,她正在一個(gè)社區(qū)里做志愿者。2表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，常與when， while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。(北京卷）Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occ

21、urred.突然斷電時(shí)，杰克正在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里工作。(三）將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如at this time tomorrow， by then， from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。（天津卷）Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time。簡(jiǎn)不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會(huì),因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)間段她有課?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般情況在詞尾直接加。ingwork

22、workingstudystudying以不發(fā)音的。e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加。ingwritewritingtaketakingfacefacing“輔音元音輔音”結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞, 且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)詞尾輔音字母，再加。ingcutcuttingbeginbeginningswimswimmingrunrunningputputtingplanplanningsitsitting以。ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變。ie為y再加。inglielyingdiedying考點(diǎn)三 完成時(shí)態(tài)（一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)到說(shuō)話時(shí)剛剛完成或結(jié)束,而對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有alr

23、eady, just， yet， never, before， lately， recently, in the last(past) few days/years， up to now, till now, so far等.（2019江蘇卷)The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months。在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里,這位音樂(lè)家和他的樂(lè)隊(duì)成員們已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了十場(chǎng)演出。2表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始而延續(xù)至今（可能還要延續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與since時(shí)間點(diǎn), for時(shí)間段等表示

24、一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。I remember you were a talented pianist at college。Can you play the piano for me?-我記得你在大學(xué)時(shí)是一位極有才華的鋼琴師。你能為我彈鋼琴嗎?Sorry， I havent played the piano for years.抱歉,我已經(jīng)好多年沒(méi)有彈鋼琴了。（陜西卷）His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.他的第一部小說(shuō)自上個(gè)月出版以來(lái)就獲得了很好的評(píng)價(jià)。3在條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表

25、示將來(lái)某時(shí)間前已完成的動(dòng)作。Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我辦公室來(lái)一下，好嗎?【名師點(diǎn)津】一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)用于敘述過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所敘述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)或某段時(shí)間，該動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，可能對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，也可能一直持續(xù)下去Mr。Smith has lived in Beijing for 5 years。(現(xiàn)在還在北京住著)Mr。Smith lived in Beijing for 5 years.（現(xiàn)在已不在北京）(二）過(guò)去完成時(shí)1表示在過(guò)去某

26、一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去。句中一般有明確的表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（從句)。但在語(yǔ)法填空題中很多時(shí)候需要通過(guò)上下文來(lái)判斷。(遼寧卷）By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college。杰克從英國(guó)回到家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。2表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去的另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有before, by then, by that time， by the end of， by the time從句等。(北京卷）It took

27、me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me。過(guò)了好久我才能夠完全理解他們?yōu)槲易瞿切┦隆?表示“愿望，打算”的動(dòng)詞（如hope, want， expect, think， mean, suppose, plan, intend）用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或計(jì)劃。(2019天津卷）I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldnt manage it。

28、我本希望送給彼得一個(gè)禮物祝賀他結(jié)婚了，但我沒(méi)能做到?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】常使用完成時(shí)的句型(1）This/It/That is the first/。.timethat sb.has/have done；This/It/That was the first/.。timethat sb。had done 這是某人第幾次做某事。(2）It/This is/was the最高級(jí)名詞（that)定語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)用完成時(shí).(3)It is/has been一段時(shí)間since sb。did；It was/had been一段時(shí)間since sb.had done sth。自從某人做某事以來(lái)多久了。(4)ha

29、rdly/scarcely。.when。./no sooner。.than。.。 一就。主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí).考點(diǎn)四 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)考綱對(duì)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的要求為考生須掌握現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。1表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或產(chǎn)生的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去，常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有all this morning， this month, these few days， since和for引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句等。(湖南卷)Im tired out。I have been shopping all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anythin

30、g.我累壞了。我整個(gè)下午都在購(gòu)物，我好像什么事也沒(méi)完成。(北京卷）Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months。在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里，湯姆每天晚上都在圖書(shū)館工作。2所表示的動(dòng)作有時(shí)并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。（北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end。學(xué)生們一直在刻苦學(xué)習(xí)功課,他們的努力（將

31、來(lái)）一定會(huì)得到回報(bào).謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要點(diǎn)二被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)一 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成,be動(dòng)詞有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化?！癵et過(guò)去分詞”也可以表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語(yǔ)化?？键c(diǎn)二 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用場(chǎng)合：1不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；2需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。（江蘇卷）They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics。他們正在努力確保到2022年時(shí)為北京冬奧會(huì)安裝5G信號(hào)

32、終端.（北京卷) A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days。一個(gè)救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)挽救了兩個(gè)被困在山里兩天的旅游者?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】（1)有些及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：have有；cost花費(fèi)；lack缺少；own擁有；belong to屬于；take part in參加。(2)不及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ))不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：happen/take place/occur發(fā)生;remain剩下；break out爆發(fā);

33、last持續(xù)；come out出版;come up提出;lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完.考點(diǎn)三 主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)意義1“系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste， look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay， become， get， grow， keep等形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),常常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.這種羊毛衫摸起來(lái)很軟，賣(mài)得很好。2當(dāng)sell, read， cut， wash， write，

34、open， wear, run， burn等不及物動(dòng)詞后帶狀語(yǔ)(well,easily等）修飾，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的屬性、特征或功能時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Have you bought the book that sells well these days？ I think it is suitable for us teenagers.你買(mǎi)最近賣(mài)得很好的那本書(shū)了嗎?我認(rèn)為它非常適合我們青少年。跟蹤檢測(cè)遷移應(yīng)用練模擬，練規(guī)范，夯基提能 I.高考真題診斷單句語(yǔ)法填空1。（2020全國(guó)II） Chinese New Year ia a celebration marking the end of t

35、he winter season and the beginning of spring.This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers_(carry）special significance2。（2019全國(guó)III）On the last day of our week-long stay ，we _ （invite） to attend aprivate concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， listening to musicians an

36、d meeting interesting locals.（2019全國(guó)卷I) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut_ (report) increasesin bear sightings around human settlements， leading to a belief that populations are increasing.(2019全國(guó)卷) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _ （recommend） wonderful places to eat, shop

37、, and visit.(2019全國(guó)卷） Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award， proud Irene _ （declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36year。old business。【答案詳解】1.答案：carries 解析 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處做從句的謂語(yǔ),且此處描述的是客觀事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).2。 答案：were invited解析 設(shè)空處在句中做謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) “On the last day of our week.long stay可知，此處表發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，且

38、主語(yǔ)we與invite之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且主語(yǔ)為we,故填were invited.3。 答案：have reported解析 句意：近年來(lái)，一些因紐特人報(bào)告說(shuō)，在人類(lèi)居住地附近看到北極熊的次數(shù)有所增加,這讓人們以為熊的數(shù)量正在增加。根據(jù)該句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In recent years可知,本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填have reported。4。 答案：recommended解析 句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了他們的很多經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些吃喝、購(gòu)物和游玩的地方。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“and”連接的是兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填recommended。5。

39、 答案：declared解析 本句為主從復(fù)合句，設(shè)空后的“she had no plans to retire from her 36.year。old business”為賓語(yǔ)從句,設(shè)空處在句子中做主句的謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)一致,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，填declared。 II.精選典題動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)題對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練單句語(yǔ)法填空6。 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _ （start) a soil.testing programme that gives specific

40、 fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011， fertilizer use dropped by 7。7 million tons.7。 Silk _(become） one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 B.C.8. On the first day of my grade ， I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I _ (voice） my biggest concern to my

41、 mother， “How will I make friends？”9. In the last few years， China _(make) great achievements in environmental protection.10. Steam engines_ （use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers， with all the smoke and noise。11. Sarah_ （tell) that she could be Britai

42、ns new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.12。 Truly elegant chopsticks might _ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.13。 My washing machine_ （repair) this week， so I have to wash my clothes by hand。14. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development pl

43、an _ (carry） out in the past two years。15。 Albert Einstein was born in 1879。 As a child， few people guessed that he_（be） a famous scientist whose theories would change the world?！敬鸢冈斀狻?. 答案：started解析 句意:中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部發(fā)現(xiàn)，從2005年當(dāng)時(shí)政府啟動(dòng)了一項(xiàng)向農(nóng)民提供具體的化肥使用建議的土壤測(cè)試計(jì)劃到2011年之間,化肥的使用量減少了770萬(wàn)噸。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分可知，設(shè)空在句中作when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

44、的謂語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞when指代的是2005年,從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故填started.7. 答案：had become解析 句意：到大約公元前 100 年,絲綢已經(jīng)成為絲綢之路上交易的主要商品之一。題干中有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“about 100 BC.”，且當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由介詞by(不遲于，不晚于)引導(dǎo)時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。8。 答案：voiced解析 句意：我對(duì)媽媽說(shuō)出了我最擔(dān)心的事，“我該如何交朋友？”根據(jù)句中的On the first day of my first grade以及stood可知，此處敘述的是發(fā)生在一年級(jí)的事情，是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情,應(yīng)用一般

45、過(guò)去時(shí)。該句的voice是動(dòng)詞,意為“表達(dá)；吐露”，作謂語(yǔ)，填voiced。with butterflies in ones stomach “緊張;心里發(fā)慌。9。 答案:has made解析：題干中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是“In the last few years”,表示動(dòng)作“從過(guò)去一直到現(xiàn)在”，故所填詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。10。 答案：were used解析 句意：車(chē)廂由蒸汽機(jī)拉動(dòng),在濃煙和噪音下乘車(chē)，乘客肯定相當(dāng)不舒服。主語(yǔ)Steam engines和use是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);設(shè)空后一句中的must have been 是對(duì)過(guò)去的情況的肯定推測(cè),故此處敘述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)

46、語(yǔ)態(tài).又主語(yǔ)Steam engines是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，填were used.11。 答案：has been told/was told解析 句意：薩拉被告知她可以成為英國(guó)新的超模，第二年就可以收入一百萬(wàn)美元。Sarah與tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),表過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。12. 答案：be made解析 句意：真正雅致的筷子也許是由金銀做成帶有漢字的筷子。句子的主語(yǔ)chopsticks與動(dòng)詞make是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)設(shè)空前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might可知,此處是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be

47、及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，因此填be made。13. 答案：is being repaired解析:根據(jù)后句“我不得不用手洗衣服”可知“洗衣機(jī)正在維修中,故謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；主語(yǔ)My washing machine與repair是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),填is being repaired。14。 答案:had been carried解析 句意：上個(gè)月我被派到這個(gè)村子來(lái)檢查那個(gè)發(fā)展計(jì)劃在過(guò)去的兩年中的實(shí)施情況。設(shè)空處表示的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)was sent之前，表“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，且主語(yǔ)the development plan與carry out是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)

48、語(yǔ)態(tài)。15. 答案：was going to be解析：題干中雖然有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in 1879”，但這并非所填動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間.由“As a child可知，所填詞的參照時(shí)間是過(guò)去,而他成為一位著名的科學(xué)家不是在他“是個(gè)小孩子”時(shí)，而是以后的事，即將來(lái)，所以所填詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。III.精選典題動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)題對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練單句改錯(cuò)16。 It has been a long time since we meet in China last time。17。 Today Ive got wonderful news to tell you。I had been offered a job at

49、 a company in England for my good performance。Once I went to the market with my mum for a big dinner on Saturday. When we were walkingpast the stalls， a loud noise was caught my attention.To collect opinions from the public， an online survey has made these days.20。 Whats more， thousands of tourists

50、from the world came here every year, which is really splendid?！敬鸢冈斀狻?6。 答案：meetmet解析:It has been一段時(shí)間since。.句式中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。17。 答案：hadhave解析:根據(jù)句意可知,指過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。18. 答案:去掉was解析：考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài).主語(yǔ)a loud noise與catch之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，表主動(dòng)，故刪除was。19。 答案：在has后加been解析：an online survey與make之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。20。 答案：camecome解析：根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)every year及從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可知，主句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故將came改為come。IV。精選典題動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)題對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練短文語(yǔ)法填空My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 21。_（remi