2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題二句法篇第4講特殊句式學(xué)案含解析外研版

1、2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題二句法篇第4講特殊句式學(xué)案含解析外研版2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題二句法篇第4講特殊句式學(xué)案含解析外研版PAGE 2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二編專題二句法篇第4講特殊句式學(xué)案含解析外研版第4講特殊句式單句語(yǔ)法填空單句寫作1。（2019天津高考)The professor warned the students that on no account use mobile phones in his class。答案:should they表示否定含義的介詞短語(yǔ)on no account位于賓語(yǔ)從句句首，賓語(yǔ)從句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).2。(2018全國(guó)卷）

2、Diets have changed in Chinaand so too (have) its top crop。答案：has此處為so引導(dǎo)的倒裝句.3.(2018天津高考)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat。答案：that本題為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，強(qiáng)調(diào)的為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。4。（2017江蘇高考） it not for the support of the teachers， the student could not overcome her difficult

3、y。答案：Were本題為省略了if,將were提前,而構(gòu)成的倒裝句。5。(2016全國(guó)卷)It could be anything-gardening， cooking, music， sportsbut whatever it is, (make） sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about。答案：make此處為祈使句的表達(dá)。1.（2018北京高考)在任何不安全的情況下，只要按下按鈕就會(huì)有經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格培訓(xùn)的乘務(wù)員來幫助你。In any unsafe situation， simply a

4、nd a highly.trained agent will get you the help you need.答案：press the button2。(2017全國(guó)卷）教練一直重復(fù)著這些話?！凹铀佟薄皽p速“左轉(zhuǎn)。The instructor kept repeating the words, “ ！ “ ！” “ ！答案：Speed upSlow downTurn left3。(2015湖南高考）當(dāng)我們回家的時(shí)候，我意識(shí)到幫助有困難的人是多么美好的一種感覺。It was when we were returning home I realized a good feeling it wa

5、s to have helped someone in trouble。答案:thatwhat4。(2011陜西高考)我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信自己的好運(yùn)氣-不僅和他合了照，而且他還在我的襯衫上簽了名。I couldnt believe my luck my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt！答案：not only did I have5。（2010浙江高考)離開后，我說:“媽媽,你那樣做真得很好,但是我不覺得她看起來像姥姥。”“我也是呀，”媽媽高興地回答道。After we left， I said, “That was v

6、ery nice of you， mother. But I didnt think she looked like grandma.”“ ，” said mother cheerfully。答案:Neither did I考點(diǎn) 1 倒裝句1全部倒裝(1)表示方向/方位、地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如here, there， now, then， up, down， in， away, off, out, back, on the wall， over there， under the tree, in front of等置于句首，且主語(yǔ)是名詞而不是代詞時(shí)。John opened the do

7、or。There stood a girl he had never seen before。約翰打開門，那兒站著一位他從來沒見過的女孩。（2)代詞such放在句首,且在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Such are the facts; no one can deny them.這些就是事實(shí),沒有人可以否認(rèn)它們。（3)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或使上下文銜接緊密，常將作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、副詞、分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)提到句首，引起全部倒裝.Seated in the first row are some advanced workers。坐在第一排的是一些先進(jìn)工作者。Present at the meeting were some

8、scientists from China。一些來自中國(guó)的科學(xué)家出席了會(huì)議。注意上述情況中，若主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。Away they went。他們走開了。2部分倒裝(1）so/neither/nor置于句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。a“sobe動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”表示前面所說的肯定情況也適合于另一人或物,意為“也是如此.Ive got an enormous amount of work to do.So have I.我有大量的工作要做。我也如此。b“neither/norbe動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”表示前面所說的否定內(nèi)容也適用于另一人或物，意為“也不這樣”。I dont l

9、ike it, neither does Tom。我不喜歡它,湯姆也不喜歡它.(2）表示否定意義的副詞、連詞或短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)。此類詞有not， never, hardly, seldom, scarcely， barely, little， no， nowhere, not only， not until， at no time, by no means, in no way等.At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapons。中國(guó)決不會(huì)首先使用核武器.（3)在so/such 。. that . 句型中，若so/such

10、 .。. 提到句首時(shí).So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快，我們幾乎沒法想象它的速度。(4）當(dāng)“only狀語(yǔ)（副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或從句）”置于句首時(shí)。Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個(gè)問題。(5）“表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形as/though主語(yǔ)其他”時(shí)，句子要倒裝。Much as I like it, Ill not buy it。盡管我很喜歡它,但我不會(huì)買.Pretty as she is, she is not pr

11、oud。盡管她很漂亮，但她一點(diǎn)也不自負(fù)。Try as he would， he might fail again。盡管他要嘗試，但可能還會(huì)失敗.（6）hardly .。 when .。, no sooner .。 than 。., not only .。 but (also) 。. 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，把hardly， no sooner和not only提到句首時(shí)，其所在的主句要倒裝。Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry。他一聽到這個(gè)消息就哭了。The computer was used in teaching. As a

12、 result, not only was teachers energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons。電腦被應(yīng)用于教學(xué)中，結(jié)果，不僅節(jié)省了老師們的精力，學(xué)生們也對(duì)課堂更感興趣了。(7)在省略if的虛擬條件句中（當(dāng)條件從句中有were，had，should時(shí))。Had you reviewed your lessons， you might have passed the examination.要是早復(fù)習(xí)了功課，你有可能就通過考試了。Should it not rain tomorrow, we woul

13、d go for a picnic。要是明天不下雨,我們就可以去野餐?？键c(diǎn) 2 強(qiáng)調(diào)句1強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型是“It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who其他部分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.給我們工作帶來最大益處的不是我們做了多少而是我們將多少愛投入到我們所從事的事業(yè)中去.2強(qiáng)調(diào)句的幾種句式強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊句式構(gòu)成例句一般疑問句Is/Was it被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who句子其他部分？Was it To

14、m who was to blame?正是湯姆應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任嗎？特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞is/was itthat句子其他部分？The patient looks much better。What is it that has made him what he is today？那個(gè)病人看上去好多了。是什么讓他變成今天這樣的呢？not until句式It is/was not until 。 that句子其他部分 It was not until midnight that we got home because of traffic jams.因?yàn)榻煌ㄗ枞?，直到半夜我們才到家。not 。. but .

15、句式It is not .。 but 。. that .。 It is not quantity but quality that counts.重要的不是數(shù)量而是質(zhì)量。3用助動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)的肯定句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，我們?cè)谠搫?dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞do， does或did.Many of the films are from the USA， but we do give awards to films from other countries.許多電影來自于美國(guó)，但我們的確也給其他國(guó)家的影片頒獎(jiǎng)。注意1強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原句與該主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一

16、致。2強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的考點(diǎn)主要集中構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本元素that/who上，這兩個(gè)詞是不作成分的.3強(qiáng)調(diào)句型不用于強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ);強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)要用“助動(dòng)詞do/does/did動(dòng)詞原形”;但有時(shí)，為了表達(dá)的需要，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)表語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。4強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判斷方法判斷一個(gè)句子是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可采用還原法，即把it is/was和that/who去掉，如果剩下的部分仍然能組成一個(gè)完整的句子，該句就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則就不是。It was Wei Fang that/who met me in the park yesterday.昨天在公園遇見我的人是魏芳。(把It was和that/who去掉可以得到句子：

17、Wei Fang met me in the park yesterday。此句句意和結(jié)構(gòu)均完整,故原句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句.)It is a pity that we missed the wonderful film。遺憾的是我們錯(cuò)過了那部好電影。(把It is和that去掉之后，無論是將a pity放在句首還是句末，句子均不合理:A pity we missed the wonderful film。/We missed the wonderful film a pity.很顯然原句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。本句中，it作形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。）考點(diǎn) 3 省略句1在when, while, whenev

18、er, till， if， unless, as if， though, than， as等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若謂語(yǔ)部分含有be動(dòng)詞，而主語(yǔ)又與主句主語(yǔ)相同或主語(yǔ)是it時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞常被省略The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise， if carried out regularly， can improve our health.實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，如果有規(guī)律地進(jìn)行適量運(yùn)動(dòng),人們能強(qiáng)身健體。While walking along the street, I heard my name called。走在大街上時(shí)，我聽見有人叫我的名

19、字。注意特殊的省略結(jié)構(gòu)：if省略結(jié)構(gòu)，常作為插入語(yǔ)來處理.if so 如果這樣的話if not 若非如此if ever 如果曾經(jīng)有的話if necessary 如果有必要的話if possible 如果可能的話if any 如果有的話If necessary，ring me. 如有必要,給我打電話。If possible， let me know beforehand。 如有可能，事先通知我.Get up early tomorrow, if not （you dont get up early）, you will miss the first bus.明天早點(diǎn)起床，如果不的話，你將會(huì)錯(cuò)過頭

20、班公共汽車.Whenever （it is) possible， he will come to my help。 他會(huì)在任何可能的時(shí)候來幫助我。2Im afraid， I think， I believe， I hope， I guess等作答句，后面跟so與not分別相當(dāng)于肯定或否定，賓語(yǔ)從句可省去Do you think it will rain？I hope not.-你認(rèn)為會(huì)下雨嗎？我希望不要下。-Do you believe our team will win?I guess so。你相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏嗎？我猜會(huì)贏。3不定式省略，即單獨(dú)使用不定式符號(hào)to（1）用來代替動(dòng)詞不定式后被省略

21、的動(dòng)詞，常在be afraid/glad/happy， expect, forget, hope, intend， like， love, mean, prefer, refuse， seem, try， want， wish等的后面。I asked him to see a film， but he didnt want to。我請(qǐng)他去看電影，但他不想去。-Will you join in the game？Id be glad to。你愿意加入游戲嗎？-我很高興加入。(2)如果不定式中含有be, have， have been，通常保留be, have和have been.Are you

22、a sailor？No， but I used to be.你是海員嗎？-不，但我過去是。（3）省略不定式符號(hào)to的情況。a當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的不定式可省略to。The only thing you have to do is press the button。你唯一要做的事情就是按按鈕。b不定式作介詞but, except的賓語(yǔ)，前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，不定式常省略to.Brian had nothing to do but play computer games this afternoon.今天下午布萊恩除了玩電腦游戲外無事可做。c當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式

23、并列時(shí)，后面的不定式符號(hào)to可省略，但表示對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)則不能省略。Im really puzzled what to think and express.我真的不知道想什么和表達(dá)什么。It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.制訂計(jì)劃比執(zhí)行計(jì)劃容易.d在see, watch， hear， feel， observe, notice, look at， listen to等感官動(dòng)詞及使役動(dòng)詞let, make， have后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不加to，但當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式要加上to。She saw him walk into

24、 the house.她看到他走進(jìn)了那座房子。He was seen to walk into the house。有人看到他走進(jìn)了那座房子.He had two boys wash his car.他讓兩個(gè)男孩給他洗車。eYoud better/Why not后跟不帶to的不定式。Why not try it again？為什么不再試試？Youd better get up early when you want to keep up with others.當(dāng)你想追趕他人時(shí)，你最好起得早些?？键c(diǎn) 4 反意疑問句及其他1反意疑問句(1）祈使句式的反意疑問句a肯定的祈使句，簡(jiǎn)短問句用will

25、you/wont you.b否定的祈使句,簡(jiǎn)短問句用will you.clets和let us引導(dǎo)的祈使句：lets表“建議，征詢之意時(shí)，含聽話者在內(nèi),故簡(jiǎn)短問句用shall we；let us表“建議、征詢”之意時(shí)，不含聽話者在內(nèi)，故簡(jiǎn)短問句用will you.Lets go out for a walk after supper， shall we?晚飯后我們散散步，好嗎？(2）must表示猜測(cè)時(shí)的反意疑問句a“must be”對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)，按一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的附加疑問句進(jìn)行處理。He must be honest， isnt he?他肯定很誠(chéng)實(shí)，不是嗎？b“must完成時(shí)”

26、用來推測(cè)過去的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。句中沒有表示過去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí),按現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的附加疑問句來處理；如有明確的表過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，按一般過去時(shí)處理。They must have gone there last night, didnt they?昨天晚上他們肯定去那里了，不是嗎？He must have known the truth， hasnt he?他肯定知道了真相，不是嗎？（3）主從復(fù)合句中，反意疑問句應(yīng)與主句的主謂語(yǔ)保持一致。He left in a hurry because there was no time left， didnt he？他匆忙離開了，因?yàn)闆]有時(shí)間了,不是嗎？注意

27、主句中含有think/believe/suppose/consider/ 。. 賓語(yǔ)從句的情況：（1)若陳述部分為“I/We think/believe/suppose/consider/ 。.。 賓語(yǔ)從句”,簡(jiǎn)短問句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)分別保持一致,且簡(jiǎn)短問句用否定形式.I suppose that she is careful, isnt she？我認(rèn)為她很認(rèn)真,不是嗎？We believe she can do it better， cant she?我們相信她能做得更好，不是嗎？（2)若陳述部分為“I/We dont think/believe/suppose/consi

28、der/ .。 賓語(yǔ)從句”，簡(jiǎn)短問句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致,且簡(jiǎn)短問句用肯定形式.I dont think that you can do it, can you?我認(rèn)為這件事你做不了，你能嗎?We dont believe that the news is true, is it?我們認(rèn)為消息不實(shí)，是嗎?（3)若陳述部分為“主語(yǔ)(非第一人稱）think/believe/suppose/consider/ 。 賓語(yǔ)從句，簡(jiǎn)短問句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致，而且簡(jiǎn)短問句是用肯定形式還是否定形式由主句決定。They all think that English is

29、 very useful， dont they？他們都認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)很重要，是嗎？He doesnt think that I can make it, does he?他認(rèn)為我辦不到，是嗎？2祈使句and/or/otherwise簡(jiǎn)單句(多用將來時(shí))(1）祈使句/名詞短語(yǔ)and簡(jiǎn)單句表示“如果，就”“Only two centimeters higher， and you will break the world record，” encouraged the coach.“只要再高兩厘米,你將打破世界紀(jì)錄.教練鼓勵(lì)說。Bring the flowers into a warm room and

30、theyll soon come out。將花帶到暖和的房間里，它們將會(huì)很快開放。(2）祈使句or/otherwise簡(jiǎn)單句表示“，否則”Dont drive so fast， or/otherwise youll have an accident。不要開那么快，否則你會(huì)出事的。3感嘆句(1)what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句aWhata/anadj.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))!What a good heart you have!你的心腸真好！bWhatadj.不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)）!What interesting stories hes told us！他給我們講的故事真有趣！(2）how

31、引導(dǎo)的感嘆句aHowadj./adv.(主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))！How clever the boy is!這個(gè)男孩多么聰明??！bHowadj.a/an單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ))!How clever a boy he is！他是一個(gè)多么聰明的男孩啊！4There be句型There be 句型表示“有，there本身沒有詞義，be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，be后面的名詞/代詞是主語(yǔ)。be可以有不同的形式,而且可以和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。（1）There be句型中的beaThere be句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致。There is a flower in the bottle.瓶中有一朵花.Ther

32、e are five books on the desk.桌上有五本書。b若There be句型中主語(yǔ)為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，be的數(shù)和人稱遵循就近原則。There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house.房子里有一個(gè)男孩、一個(gè)女孩和兩個(gè)婦女。There are ten students and a teacher in the office。辦公室里有十個(gè)學(xué)生和一個(gè)老師.（2)There be句型的變體There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)可用remain， stand， lie, go, exist， follow， live， come， occur

33、等替換。Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.從前在海邊的一個(gè)村莊里住著一位老漁夫.誤區(qū)eq avs4al（一）倒裝句中助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的缺失或主謂一致的誤用（1)【誤】Only when he was 30 years old he begin to learn English.【正】Only when he was 30 years old did he begin to learn English。分析當(dāng)only和所修飾的狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，引起部分倒裝，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，主句應(yīng)用一般過

34、去時(shí),故倒裝后應(yīng)提取助動(dòng)詞did.（2）【誤】Next door to ours lives a foreign couple， who seem to have settled into life in China?！菊縉ext door to ours live a foreign couple, who seem to have settled into life in China.分析此句是完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的真正主語(yǔ)是a foreign couple，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式live。誤區(qū)eq avs4al(二）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與三大從句（名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句)的誤用【誤】Its m

35、ore than half a century that my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant of the people.【正】Its more than half a century since my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant of the people。分析此句是“It is一段時(shí)間since .?！本湫?注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與三大從句的區(qū)別：(1）與名詞性從句區(qū)別：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型去掉It is/was和that之后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整,語(yǔ)義通順，而名詞性從句卻不

36、能。It is there that accidents often happen.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句)正是在那兒經(jīng)常發(fā)生事故。It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language。(名詞性從句)英語(yǔ)作為一門國(guó)際語(yǔ)言正被廣為接受是個(gè)事實(shí)。（2)與定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別：強(qiáng)調(diào)句中that沒有語(yǔ)義，且不作任何成分，而定語(yǔ)從句中that為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句)威廉小姐喜歡讀的是小說。It is a questi

37、on that needs careful consideration.(定語(yǔ)從句）這是一個(gè)需認(rèn)真考慮的問題。(3)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別:強(qiáng)調(diào)句型去掉It is/was和that后，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，而It is .。. when .。. 中，it指代時(shí)間。It was at six oclock that I got up today。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)句)今天我是在六點(diǎn)起的床。It was six oclock when I got up today。 (時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)今天我起床時(shí)已六點(diǎn)了。誤區(qū)eq avs4al(三)省略句中to的缺失【誤】She was reading in bed， and her mother told her not.【正】She was reading in bed， and her mother told her not to。分析動(dòng)詞不定式在like， love， care, want, hope, wish, expect， prefer， refuse, decide, mean， intend, try， promise等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù),常常省略不定式后的內(nèi)容，但要保留不定式符號(hào)to。誤區(qū)eq avs4al（四)感嘆句中what與how的誤用【誤】You simply cant imagine how a wonderful