2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪創(chuàng)新復(fù)習(xí)專題一第一節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)理解題學(xué)案含解析

1、2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪創(chuàng)新復(fù)習(xí)專題一第一節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)理解題學(xué)案含解析2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪創(chuàng)新復(fù)習(xí)專題一第一節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)理解題學(xué)案含解析PAGE 2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪創(chuàng)新復(fù)習(xí)專題一第一節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)理解題學(xué)案含解析專題一 閱讀理解【題型總覽】試卷年份體裁考查類型細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大意詞句猜測(cè)全國(guó)卷2020年應(yīng)用文;議論文；說(shuō)明文；說(shuō)明文75212019年應(yīng)用文;記敘文；說(shuō)明文；議論文75212018年應(yīng)用文；說(shuō)明文；說(shuō)明文;說(shuō)明文7521全國(guó)卷2020年應(yīng)用文；說(shuō)明文；說(shuō)明文;記敘文92222019年應(yīng)用文；夾敘夾議文；說(shuō)明文；說(shuō)明文84212018年應(yīng)用文;說(shuō)明文；議論文；議論文9321全國(guó)卷2020年應(yīng)用

2、文；記敘文；說(shuō)明文；說(shuō)明文83312019年應(yīng)用文;議論文;說(shuō)明文；說(shuō)明文103112018年應(yīng)用文;說(shuō)明文；記敘文；夾敘夾議文9321【命題趨勢(shì)】1選材特點(diǎn):以社會(huì)文化、學(xué)習(xí)生活、藝術(shù)體育、認(rèn)識(shí)自我、科技發(fā)明為主；兼顧環(huán)境及生態(tài)保護(hù)、中國(guó)元素。所選材料語(yǔ)言地道、內(nèi)容豐富、貼近生活,富有很強(qiáng)的時(shí)代氣息。2體裁特點(diǎn)：體裁全面多樣，文章具有英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言特有的文化特征,信息量大，對(duì)考生的閱讀速度和快速處理信息的能力要求高。3題型特點(diǎn)：題型以細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主，主旨大意和詞句猜測(cè)為輔.4命題特點(diǎn)：命題體現(xiàn)“立德樹人的教育根本任務(wù),注重“五育并舉,將學(xué)科素養(yǎng)的考核融入對(duì)語(yǔ)言能力的考查,注重對(duì)思維品質(zhì)、學(xué)

3、習(xí)能力和文化品格的考查，更加注重傳統(tǒng)文化和核心價(jià)值的體現(xiàn)?！緜淇挤桨浮吭~匯層面：在閱讀過(guò)程中,對(duì)于無(wú)關(guān)緊要的詞匯要學(xué)著“跳過(guò)去”,比如人名、地名、組織名等。對(duì)語(yǔ)篇中適量詞匯意義的理解存在模糊甚至不知其意的狀況是正?，F(xiàn)象，大不必心生焦慮;對(duì)影響閱讀質(zhì)量、影響解題的關(guān)鍵生詞要“猜出來(lái)”，具體方法在后面“詞句猜測(cè)”部分進(jìn)行闡述；對(duì)于課標(biāo)要求的詞匯要“熟起來(lái)”,尤其要注意“一詞多義”和“熟詞生義”現(xiàn)象。句意層面：對(duì)于閱讀中設(shè)題處的長(zhǎng)難句要學(xué)會(huì)分析.分析長(zhǎng)難句的核心技法是根據(jù)五種基本句式摘出句子主干-主謂(賓)，其關(guān)注點(diǎn)有：1.一個(gè)句子有且只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)句子有了兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語(yǔ)，則必有連詞或

4、從句的出現(xiàn)（注意定語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句連詞的省略,而to do，doing在沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)都不是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)；2。去除所有修飾成分，包括介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、修飾語(yǔ)等；3.充分利用并列成分。語(yǔ)篇層次：學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)篇知識(shí)是發(fā)展語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力的基礎(chǔ),不同類型的語(yǔ)篇有不同的(命題）特點(diǎn).考慮語(yǔ)篇，要考慮語(yǔ)篇的體裁、發(fā)展線索、框架結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)篇的立論句等.這些信息不僅有助于加深對(duì)語(yǔ)篇意義的理解，還有助于使用不同類型的語(yǔ)篇進(jìn)行有效的表達(dá)與交流。除整體語(yǔ)篇外，還要考慮語(yǔ)篇的段落，明確各個(gè)段落的主題句、各段落在語(yǔ)篇中的作用及目的。第一節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)理解題常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)形式1特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。以when,where，what，which，wh

5、o，how much/many等疑問(wèn)詞引出的問(wèn)題。2判斷是非形式.含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT TRUE或EXCEPT等判斷是非的問(wèn)題.此時(shí)要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如not，never等.3以“According to.。.”開(kāi)頭的提問(wèn)形式。4填空形式。如：The biggest challenge for most mothers is from _正確選項(xiàng)特征1同義替換。替換關(guān)鍵詞，如把lose ones job換成了be out of work；變換詞性，如把important變換成of importance；改變語(yǔ)態(tài),如主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2信息歸納。用精練的語(yǔ)言來(lái)概括原文中

6、比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息,設(shè)置為正確答案。3正話反說(shuō).把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。干擾選項(xiàng)特征1張冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。2無(wú)中生有。符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。3曲解文義。與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動(dòng)。4顛倒是非。在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。5正誤參半.部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤.授課提示:對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第4頁(yè)題型1直接信息題（2020高考全國(guó)卷A片段）The Lake District Attractions GuideDalemain Mansion Historic GardensHistory，Culture Landscape（景觀)。Op

7、en:。.Town：。.。.Dove Cottage The Wordsworth MuseumDiscover William Wordsworths inspirational home.Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage,walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum.Visit the shop and relax in the caf。Exhibitions，events and family activities thr

8、oughout the year.Open：.Town： Grasmere23Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworths life?APenrith。BKendal.CCarlisle. DGrasmere。思維可視化技巧點(diǎn)撥利用平行結(jié)構(gòu)可快速定位信息。文中每一個(gè)湖區(qū)旅游指南的信息和位置具有一致性和對(duì)應(yīng)性，只要看清一個(gè)湖區(qū)景點(diǎn)指南中信息呈現(xiàn)的先后順序，其他幾個(gè)湖區(qū)景點(diǎn)指南中信息的呈現(xiàn)順序也就明了了。讀完題干后就可以根據(jù)這一特征快速地查找所需要的信息.如讀完23題題干后,直接到每個(gè)湖區(qū)景點(diǎn)指南下搜索即可，而且重點(diǎn)搜索含

9、discover(題干中explore的同義詞）的部分。題型2間接信息題(2020高考全國(guó)卷B片段）There are three books I reread annually。The first，which I take to reading every spring，is Ernest Hemingways A Moveable Feast.Published in 1964，its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉的），an aging writer looking ba

10、ck on an ambitious yet simpler time。Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm.25What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast？AIts a brief account of a trip.BIts about Hemingways life as a young man。CIts a record of a historic event。DIts about Hemingways friends in Paris。思維可視化技巧點(diǎn)撥細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確答案的選項(xiàng)通常不是文中的

11、原話,而是使用與文中詞語(yǔ)同義或近義的詞匯來(lái)表達(dá)，這增加了題目的難點(diǎn)，需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義的轉(zhuǎn)換，將確定的文章信息進(jìn)行加工,然后進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的辨別.上題中正確選項(xiàng)中的as a young man與文中an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time匹配。題型3綜合推斷題(2020高考全國(guó)卷C片段)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list，fur probably di

12、dnt cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion（時(shí)裝）enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海貍鼠）Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles?！癐t sounds crazy to talk about guilt。free furunless yo

13、u understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year，” says Cree McCree，project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters DS5 a tail。Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were

14、 brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild?！癟he ecosystem down there cant handle this non。native species（物種)Its destroying the environment.Its them or us， says Michael Massimi，an expert in this field。29Why are scientists concerned about nutria?ANutria damage the ecosystem

15、seriously.BNutria are an endangered species.CNutria hurt local catsized animals。DNutria are illegally hunted。思維可視化技巧點(diǎn)撥從文章中找到包含所需信息的段落,迅速確定關(guān)鍵詞所在的句子(句群)，然后重點(diǎn)解讀。對(duì)于離散的細(xì)節(jié)理解或數(shù)字運(yùn)算題,需要先找到與之相關(guān)的事實(shí)或數(shù)據(jù),然后再進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單分析及相應(yīng)整合。授課提示：對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第5頁(yè)A(2020永州三模)Modern architecture has brought many amazing buildings to the world。He

16、re are some of the strangest buildings in the world.Habitat 67,Montreal,CanadaHabitat 67 is a very interesting arrangement of cubes,which looks like the building blocks that children play with。It is pretty interesting how it was designed.In its material sense，the cube is a symbol of stability.It loo

17、ks so original and at the same time comfortable for living.It was created as a main attraction for Expo 67，one of the worlds largest universal expositions（博覽會(huì)），where housing was one of the main themes.The Basket Building，Ohio,United StatesThe Longaberger Basket Company building in Newark，Ohio might

18、just be a strangest office building in the world。The 180，000square。foot building,a copy of the companys famous market basket，cost 30 million and took two years to complete。Many experts tried to persuade Dave Longaberger to change his plans,but he wanted an exact copy of the real thing。The Crooked Ho

19、use，Sopot,PolandFinished in 2003,the Crooked House has an extraordinary and amazing structure.Its design was based on the pictures of Polish artist Jan Marcin Szancer and Swedish painter Per Dahlberg.It looks as if it had been taken from a cartoon： The building lines are not straight，but they are ba

20、lanced，so the house is not ugly at all，just strange！The interesting part is how builders managed to create this genius idea，but the house is a fact and everyone admires their creativity。La Pedrera，SpainIt is situated in the Eixample district of Barcelona，Catalonia,Spain.The story of the house is pre

21、tty interesting。The house was designed by Antoni Gaudi and built for a married couple。It is an extraordinary but stylish building considered to be highly unconventionalthere is not even one straight line！語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了四個(gè)令人驚奇的現(xiàn)代建筑.1Which of the buildings above is associated with a toy？AHabitat 67.BT

22、he Basket Building。CThe Crooked House。DLa Pedrera.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Habitat 67,Montreal，Canada中第一句“.which looks like the building blocks that children play with?！笨芍鸢?。答案：A2What can we learn about the Basket Building？AIt was built for exhibition。BIt was designed following the pictures。CIt was constructed ac

23、cording to its original design。DIt might be the strangest office building in the world。解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Basket Building,Ohio，United States中“Many experts tried to persuade Dave Longaberger to change his plans,but he wanted an exact copy of the real thing.可知這個(gè)建筑物是根據(jù)最初的設(shè)計(jì)建造的。答案:C3What do the Crooked Hous

24、e and La Pedrera have in common？AThey both look very ugly。BThey are built by Antoni Gaudi。CTheir design patterns are common.DTheir construction lines are bent。解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Crooked House，Sopot,Poland中的“The building lines are not straight”和La Pedrera，Spain中的“there is not even one straight line”可知這兩個(gè)

25、建筑物都沒(méi)有用直線設(shè)計(jì)。答案：DBReducing，reusing,and recycling is a way of life in Sweden。Recycling is required by law and garbage is sorted at home before it goes to a recycling center。Recyclables are sorted into seven categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas?！癛ecyclin

26、g almost everything is a must in Sweden now。It actually feels very uncomfortable when you visit another country and cant find easy ways to recycle， said Owen Gaffney，an expert at Stockholm Resilience Centre and Future Earth.But not all of its garbage is recycled。Sweden uses alternatives that include

27、 incinerating garbage to make electricity instead of using fossil fuels（化石燃料）to heat 1.2 million homes.About half of household garbage is sent to one of the 33 waste。toheat plants.Sweden is importing garbage from other countries to keep these plants running。Sweden is also a world leader in turning f

28、ood waste into eco。friendly biogas.It has made food waste collection compulsory beginning in 2021。There is a food waste biogas plant，which allows biogas to be used to run public buses and to heat apartment buildings。Sweden now wants to deal with those remaining items that cannot be recycled by using

29、 a circular（循環(huán)論證的）economy approach.It means that products can be reused and only recycled when absolutely necessary.The Swedish government formed an advisory group to find a way of making this part of its environmental policy.This will not work effectively unless people are taught to change their be

30、havior。Now the government is reforming its tax code so that people could get cheaper repairs or buy used things.The large Swedish clothing retailer(零售商)HM operates a recycling program that gives customers discounts when they bring back old clothing.Sweden is fighting climate change by doing all the

31、right stuff。Waste recycling and the plans to switch to a circular economy will go a long way in reducing its carbon footprint and will help stop global warming.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文講述了在瑞典，減少、再利用和回收是一種生活方式.瑞典政府鼓勵(lì)人們回收和使用二手商品，廢品先分類，再回收.4What do we know about Sweden？ASweden imports household garbage for biogas.BIt is convenient to recycle things in Sweden.CHalf of garbage in Sweden is used to produce heat.DEverything is recycled after being used in Sweden.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Recyclables are sorted into seven categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas?！笨芍?在瑞典回收