2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)42完形填空說(shuō)明文考點(diǎn)歸納

1、2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)42完形填空說(shuō)明文考點(diǎn)歸納2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)42完形填空說(shuō)明文考點(diǎn)歸納2021屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)42完形填空說(shuō)明文考點(diǎn)歸納考點(diǎn)42 完形填空說(shuō)明文高考頻度:說(shuō)明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析推理判斷的能力和語(yǔ)篇分析理解能力。檢測(cè)考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用的能力。說(shuō)明文一般采用簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)造、成因、關(guān)系或事物的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化、發(fā)展的過(guò)程及其規(guī)律。常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)明文有自我介紹、人物介紹(傳記)、地方介紹、習(xí)俗介紹、節(jié)日介紹、方法（步驟)介紹，產(chǎn)品說(shuō)

2、明、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告、科普小品、讀書(shū)報(bào)告、新聞報(bào)道等。說(shuō)明文類完形填空通常有以下命題特點(diǎn)：1。 開(kāi)頭點(diǎn)題在說(shuō)明文類完形填空題中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說(shuō)明的對(duì)象，這是掌握說(shuō)明細(xì)節(jié)的前提。2。 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰說(shuō)明文一般按一定的順序展開(kāi)。理清文章的說(shuō)明順序，對(duì)于正確把握文意和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系以及選擇正確答案具有重要意義。3。 文體特點(diǎn)說(shuō)明文往往采用比較正式的文體，表述準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，生詞術(shù)語(yǔ)較多，句子較長(zhǎng)，結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。4. 條理清楚說(shuō)明文十分講究條理性,一般采取時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)知順序等來(lái)說(shuō)明事物或事理.解答這類題目要遵循下列原則：1. 明白說(shuō)明對(duì)象文章的首句一般就明確了說(shuō)明對(duì)象。對(duì)文章要進(jìn)行粗

3、讀或略讀，對(duì)文章的大意要先有一個(gè)大體的了解。2. 弄清楚說(shuō)明的順序，利用好標(biāo)志語(yǔ)把握了說(shuō)明順序，就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò),加強(qiáng)對(duì)整篇文章的理解。語(yǔ)篇與語(yǔ)篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語(yǔ)，這些詞語(yǔ)被稱為語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志語(yǔ)。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志語(yǔ)firstly， secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示因果關(guān)系的thus, therefore, so等；表示改變?cè)掝}的by the way等；表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的besides, whats more等；表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的before， so far， yet, meanwhile， later等;表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but， while， on th

4、e other hand等。做題時(shí)如果能充分利用這些語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志語(yǔ)，就可以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文的關(guān)系。3。 把握文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，理清事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)把握語(yǔ)篇特征對(duì)理解文意與答題極為有利。說(shuō)明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表達(dá)清楚的、邏輯比較嚴(yán)密的短文。在閱讀這類文章時(shí)，我們一定要仔細(xì)研讀文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，從主題句著手，找出支持句，然后尋找文章的結(jié)論。這時(shí),不要被表面的一些細(xì)節(jié)所迷惑,我們?cè)诶斫饧?xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上，還要斟酌文字的內(nèi)涵意義,從而對(duì)文章進(jìn)行深層次的理解。4。 注重上下文語(yǔ)境應(yīng)逐句精讀短文，逐題分析選項(xiàng)，對(duì)特定的語(yǔ)境做深入的理解，克服思維定勢(shì)，根據(jù)全文大意和詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐項(xiàng)填空.

5、The Beginning of DramaThere are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the1that drama evolved from ritual（宗教儀式）. The argument for this view goes as follows。 In the beginning, human beings2the natural forces of the world-even the s

6、easonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to3these unknown and feared powers。 Those measures which appeared to4the desired results were then kept and repeated until they changed into5rituals. 6stories arose which explained or masked the mysteries of the rituals. As time

7、s passed， some rituals were7, but the stories， later called myths， continued to exist and provided material for art and drama。 Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rituals contained the8of theatre because music， dance， masks, and9were almost always used。 10， a su

8、itable site had to be provided for performances and11the entire community did not participate ， a（n)12division was usually made between the area of acting and theatre in which an audience sits . Besides， there were performers， and， since considerable importance was13to avoiding mistakes in the pract

9、ice of rituals, religious leaders usually14that task。 Wearing masks and costumes， they often imitated (模仿) other people, animals, or supernatural beings， and mimed (用啞劇表演出） the15effectsuccess in hunt or battle， the coming rain， the revival of the Sun16an actor might. Eventually such dramatic represe

10、ntatives were separated from17activities。 Another theory traces the theaters origin from the human interest in18. According to this view， tales about the hunt， war or other things are told and gradually spread。 19through the use of action and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of

11、 each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily gymnastic or that are20of animal movements and sounds. 1。A。 backgroundB。 assumptionC. evidenceD. theory2。A. viewedB. employedC. imaginedD。 dismissed3。A。 takeB. possessC。 guaranteeD。 c

12、ontrol4.A。 startB. showC. bringD. continue5。A. usualB. directC. convincingD. fixed6。A。 ApparentlyB。 ActuallyC. EventuallyD。 Naturally7。A。 spreadB. abandonedC。 followedD. celebrated8.A. seedB. contentC。 mythD. history9.A. costumesB. routinesC. instructionsD。 performances10。A。 As a resultB。 In factC。

13、On the contraryD。 In addition11.A. whenB. althoughC. unlessD。 while12。A。 deepB. equalC. clearD. extra13。A。 attachedB。 relatedC。 committedD。 tied14.A。 put upB. took upC. took onD. put on15。A。 unexpectedB. unpredictedC. preparedD。 desired16。A。 wheneverB。 asC. whateverD. so17.A。 socialB. politicalC。 ec

14、onomicD。 religious18。A。 accountsB。 story-tellingC。 descriptionsD。 dramawriting19。A。 at that timeB。 at a timeC。 at firstD. at once20。A。 imitationsB。 creaturesC。 presentationsD。 exhibitions【文章大意】文章介紹了關(guān)于古希臘戲劇的起源。1.B 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析.background背景；assumption假定,假設(shè);evidence證據(jù)；theory理論。句意：關(guān)于古希臘戲劇的開(kāi)始有許多理論.其中一個(gè)最普

15、遍為人接受的假設(shè)認(rèn)為戲劇是從宗教儀式演化而來(lái)。故選B。2.A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。view考慮，認(rèn)為；employ雇傭；imagine想象；dismiss解散，解雇.句意:人類認(rèn)為世界的自然力量，甚至季節(jié)性變化,是不可預(yù)測(cè)的,他們?cè)噲D通過(guò)各種方式去控制這些未知的、令人恐懼的力量。故選A。3。D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。take拿，占;possess擁有;guarantee保證;control控制。參看上一題解析。故選D。4.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。start開(kāi)始；show展示；bring帶來(lái);continue繼續(xù)。句意：這些措施似乎帶來(lái)了預(yù)期的效果，然后得到不斷重復(fù),直到它們變成

16、了固定的儀式。故選C.5.D 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。usual通常,經(jīng)常；direct徑直的；convincing令人信服的，有說(shuō)服力的；fixed固定的。參看上一題解析。故選D。6.C 【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。apparently明顯的；actually事實(shí)上；eventually最后地；naturally自然地。句意：最后解釋或掩蓋神秘的儀式的故事出現(xiàn)了。故選C.7.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。spread傳播；abandon放棄;follow跟著；celebrate慶祝。句意:隨著時(shí)間的流逝，一些儀式被拋棄，但這些故事，后來(lái)被稱為神話，繼續(xù)存在,并給藝術(shù)和戲劇提供了材料.故選B

17、.8.A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。seed種子；content內(nèi)容;myth神話，虛構(gòu)的人；history歷史。句意:那些認(rèn)為戲劇從儀式演化而來(lái)的人還認(rèn)為，這些儀式包含了戲劇的萌芽，因?yàn)槭褂昧艘魳?lè)、舞蹈、面具和服裝。故選A。9。A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。costume服裝；routine程序，日常工作;instruction指令,命令；performance表現(xiàn),表演。參看上一題解析.故選A。10。D 【解析】考查短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。as a result因此;in fact事實(shí)上；on the contrary相反；in addition另外。根據(jù)下文besides提示可知，此處表示遞進(jìn)。故

18、選D。11。A 【解析】考查連詞.句意：此外，必須為演出提供一個(gè)合適的場(chǎng)地.如果不是所有人共同參與，在表演的舞臺(tái)與觀眾就坐的地區(qū)之間有一個(gè)明顯的分界線。when如果引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，例如How can I get a job when I cant even read or write？如果我連讀和寫都不會(huì)，我怎么找到工作？符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。12。C 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析.deep深的；equal平等;clear清楚的；extra額外的。參看上一題解析.故選C。13。A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。be attached to附屬于；be related to與有聯(lián)系；be committ

19、ed to獻(xiàn)身于，致力于；be tied to束縛于,捆綁于。句意:此外,還有演員,而且因?yàn)楸苊庠趦x式出錯(cuò)相當(dāng)重要，宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)那項(xiàng)任務(wù).故選A。14.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。put up張貼，舉起；take up占據(jù),從事；take on呈現(xiàn)，承擔(dān)；put on穿上。參看上一題解析。故選C.15.D 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unexpected意外的；unpredicted未預(yù)測(cè)到的；prepared準(zhǔn)備好的；desired渴望的,想得到的.句意：戴著面具,穿著各種服裝，他們經(jīng)常模仿其他人、物、或超自然的生靈，還用動(dòng)作表演來(lái)表現(xiàn)出想要得到的效果打獵或戰(zhàn)斗的勝利，即將到來(lái)的雨，太

20、陽(yáng)的升起-就像演員做得一樣.故選D。16。B 【解析】考查連詞.whenever無(wú)論什么時(shí)候；as像一樣；whatever無(wú)論什么；so因此.參看上一題解析。故選B.17。D 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析.social社會(huì)的，社會(huì)上的，交際的，社交的；political政治的；economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的;religious宗教的。根據(jù)上文提示可知,后來(lái)，這種戲劇性的表演與宗教活動(dòng)分離了。故選D。18.B 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。account賬，賬目，存款，記錄；storytelling講故事；description描述;dramawriting寫戲劇。根據(jù)下一句話中tales about the

21、 hunt， war or other things are told提示可知，另一種理論認(rèn)為，戲劇的起源來(lái)自人類對(duì)講故事的興趣。故選B。19.C【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。at that time在那時(shí)；at a time一次；at first首先，開(kāi)始時(shí)，起初；at once立刻.根據(jù)本句中then提示可知，首先,講述者通過(guò)動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言,然后 故選C.20。A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。imitation模仿；creature生物;presentation呈現(xiàn),表現(xiàn)，展示；exhibition展覽。句意：另一個(gè)與之緊密相關(guān)的理論認(rèn)為戲劇追溯到那些主要是體操或是模仿動(dòng)物動(dòng)作和聲音的舞蹈上。故選A。題

22、組一(高考真題）Cloze 1 （2019上海6月高考）Were told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens 41 written communication today. Learning cursive(草書(shū)), joined-up handwriting was once 42 in schools. But now， not so much。 Countries such as Finland have dropped joinedup handwriting lessons in schools 43 typ

23、ing courses. And in the U。 S., the requirement to learn cursive has been left out of core standards since 2013. A few U。 S. states still place value on formative cursive education， such as Arizona, but theyre not the 44 。Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect 45 。 Anne Trubek，

24、 author of The History and Uncertain Future of Handwriting, argues that such lessons can reinforce a skill called automaticity. Thats when youve perfected a task， and can do it almost without thinking, 46 you extra mental bandwidth to think about or do other things while youre doing the task. In thi

25、s sense， Trubek likens handwriting to 47 ?！癘nce you have driven for a while, you dont 48 think。 Step on gas nowor Turn the steering wheel a bit，” she explains。 You just do it。 Thats what we want children to 49 when learning to write。 You and I dont think now make a loop going up for the 1-or now loo

26、k for the letter r on the keyboard. ” Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting, and she doesnt believe it will die out for a very long time, if ever。 But she believes students are learning automaticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting： students are learning how to type with

27、out looking at the keys at 50 ages, and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure. In a piece penned (if youll pardon the expression） for the New York Times last year， Trubek argued that due to the improved automaticity of keyboar

28、ds, todays children may well become better communicators in text as 51 takes up less of their education. This is a 52 that has attracted both criticism and support。She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding thedecline of handwriting is that not 53 it will

29、result in a loss of history” and a loss of personal touch On the former she 54 that 95% of handwritten manuscripts cant be read by the average person anyway- thars why we have paleographer,” she explains, paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing-while the latter refers to the warm 55

30、 we give to handwritten personal notes, such as thank。 you card. Some educators seem to agree， at least to an extent。41。 A。 abandons B. dominates C。 enters D。 absorbs42。 A。 compulsory B. opposite C。 crucial D。 relevant43。 A。 in want of B. in case of C. in favour of D. in addition to44. A. quantity B

31、。 minimum C。 quality D. majority45。 A. responsibility B。 benefits C. resources D. structure46。 A. granting B。 getting C。 bringing D。 coming47. A。 sleeping B。 driving C。 reviewing D. operating48。 A. eventually B。 constantly C。 equivalently D。 consciously49。 A. adopt B. reach C。 acquire D。 activate50。

32、 A。 slower B。 later C。 faster D. earlier51。 A. handwriting B。 adding C. forming D. understanding52. A。 trust B. look C. view D. smile53。 A。 containing B. spreading C。 choosing D. protecting54。 A. commits B. counters C. completes D. composes55. A。 associations B. resources C。 procedures D。 interactio

33、nsClose 2（2019上海1月高考真題） More people are travelling than ever before， and lower harriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for 1 periods.The rise of “city breaks” 48hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not t

34、heir 2 spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades， and visitors use the same infrastructure as residents to reach them。 “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time，” says Font。 “For 3 ， the city no longer belongs to them

35、。”This starts with marketing, says Font, who notes that Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek 4 outside of the city centre on its official website。 “That takes some balls, really to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they

36、re doing all they can to ease congestion.”But it also 5 a better way, it is called “detourism”： sustainable travel tips an 6 itineraries for exploring an authentic Venice， off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.A greater variety of 7 for prospective visitors - idea

37、s for what to do in off-peak seasons， for example， or outside of the city center - can have the effect of diverting them from already saturated landmarks, or 8 short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays 9 the pressure, says Font. If you go to Paris for two days, youre going to go to the Eiff

38、el Tower. “If you go for two weeks， youre not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.Similarly， repeat visitors have a better sense of the 10 , “We should be asking how we get tourists to 11 , not how to get them to come for the first time。 If theyre coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to

39、 integrate their behavior with ours.Local governments can foster this sustainable activity by giving preference to responsible operator and even high-paying consumers. Font says cities could stand to be more selective about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing succe

40、ss is how many there are， and how far theyve come. “Youre thinking, yeah but at what cost。.”He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourists for spending an average of 40 more per day than French tourist as a（n） 12 that fails to take into account thei

41、r bigger carbon footprint。 13 tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local produce， and 14 to less crowded parts of the city - all productive steps towards more 15 tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents。1AlongerBshorterCwiderDclearer2Aenviro

42、nmentalBnationalCeconomicDgeographic3AlocalsBtouristsCvisitorsDcleaners4AtransportsBaccommodationCrestaurantsDservice5AaddressesBpavesCproposesDreceives6AseparateBindividualCalternativeDobjective7AreformBguidanceCinvitationDsupport8AconvincingBdiscouragingCpreventingDresisting9ApaceBescapeCwithstand

43、Dease10AcultureBknowledgeCentertainmentDability11Atake overBbring upCcome backDlay off12AdistinctionBharmonyCassociationDcomparison13AFrenchBItalianCSpanishDGerman14Acarry outBgive intoCspread outDimpact on15AslightBcomplexCtemporaryDsustainable試卷第 =page 2 2頁(yè)，總 =sectionpages 2 2頁(yè)Cloze 3 （2019全國(guó)卷III）

44、 The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March _41_ six months out of the year.Of course, we _42_ it when the sun is shining, says Karin Ro， who works for the towns tourism office. “We see the sky is _43_, b

45、ut down in the valley its darker its like on a _44_ day.But that _45_ when a system of high-tech _46_ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰）into the valley below。 Wednesday， residents(居民)of Rjukan _47_ their very first ray of winter sunshine： A row of reflective boards on a ne

46、arby mountainside were put to _48_。 The mirrors are controlled by a computer that _49_ them to turn along with the sun throughout the _50_ and to close during windy weather。 They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the towns central _51_， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meter

47、s。 When the light _52_， Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been _53_ there and standing there and taking _54_ of each other, Ro says. The town square was totally _55_. I think almost all the people in the town were there。 The 3,500 residents cannot all _56_ the sunshine at the same time

48、。 _57_, the new light feels like more than enough for the towns _58_ residents?！盜ts not very _59_, she says, ”but it is enough when we are _60_.”41. A。 onlyB。 obviouslyC. nearlyD. precisely42。 A。 fearB。 believeC. hearD. notice43。 A. emptyB。 blueC. highD. wide44。 A。 cloudyB. normalC. differentD. warm

49、45. A. helpedB。 changedC。 happenedD。 mattered46. A。 computersB. telescopesC. mirrorsD。 cameras47。 A. rememberedB。 forecastedC。 receivedD。 imagined48。 A. repairB。 riskC. restD。 use49. A. forbidsB。 directsC。 predictsD. follows50. A。 dayB. nightC. monthD. year51。 A。 libraryB. hallC. squareD。 street52.

50、A。 appearedB。 returnedC。 fadedD。 stopped53. A。 drivingB。 hidingC. campingD。 siting54. A. picturesB. notesC。 careD。 hold55。 A。 newB. fullC。 flatD. silent56. A. blockB. avoidC。 enjoyD. store57。 A. InsteadB. HoweverC。 GraduallyD. Similarly58. A。 nature-lovingB. energysavingC。 weatherbeatenD. sun-starve

51、d59。 A. bigB. clearC。 coldD。 easy60. A。 tryingB. waitingC。 watchingD。 sharing題組二 （名校模擬）Cloze 1(2020上海楊浦高三二模） Developments in artificial intelligence， robotics and sensors （傳感器） are making houses and apartments smarter than ever。ITS 6 AM., and the alarm clock is ringing earlier than usual。 Its not a

52、malfunction: the smart clock scanned your schedule and 1 because youve got that big presentation first thing in the morning. Your shower automatically turns on and warms to your preferred temperature. The electric car is 2 to go， charged by the solar panels. When you get home later， theres a(n) 3 pa

53、ckage waiting, delivered by drone。 You open it to find cold medicine. It turns out that health sensors in your bathroom detected 4 of an approaching illness and placed an order automatically.That at least is the ideal version of the smart home that exists 10 years out. Swedish research firm Berg Ins

54、ight says 63 million American homes will 5 as “smart” by 2022,with everything from Internet-connected light bulbs to cameras that let us spy on our pets from the office。 But a decade from now， experts say, well move from turning the lights on and off with our voices to total engagement in the Intern

55、et of Things (IoT）. 6 advancements in artificial intelligence， the smartest homes will be able to truly learn about their owners, eventually foretelling their 7 。 Developments in robotics will give us machines that offer a helping hand with cleaning, cooking and more. New sensors will be 8 watching

56、our wellbeing. 9 to all of this will be the data that smart homes collect， analyze and act upon, helping to turn the houses of the future from a mere collection of devices and accessories into truly “smart” homes。Of course, as our homes learn more about us， keeping them 10 will become all the more i

57、mportant. Every 11 thats connected to the Internet is a potential target for hackers. Therefore, cybersecurity will become all the more vital.A range of technological developments will drive smarthome technology well beyond whats available on store shelves today。 Innovations in artificial intelligen

58、ce， 12 ， stand to reverse almost everything in our lives， including our homes。 You might already be using some kind of Alpowered voice-assistant device to get the latest news or weather forecast every morning. But in the smart home of the future， those AI platforms could serve as the brain for entir

59、e homes, learning about 13 and organizing and automating all of their various smart devices。 IT company Crestron， for example， is working on software that 14 a persons habits， like which music they want to hear in the morning or which lights they want to be on at a certain time of the day. Then， onc

60、e it knows a users 15 automatically plays just the right playlists or dims the lights before bedtime。1AattemptedBadjustedCapprovedDassisted2AfreeBlikelyCreadyDeager3AunexpectedBdisconnectedCunsealedDmisplaced4AsymbolsBsignalsCcodesDsigns5AserveBqualifyCbehaveDmodel6AIn spite ofBInstead ofCIn additio