八年級下冊英語重要知識資料點(diǎn)歸納9421

1、八年級下冊英語重要學(xué)習(xí)知識資料點(diǎn)歸納_9421八年級下冊英語重要學(xué)習(xí)知識資料點(diǎn)歸納_942110/10八年級下冊英語重要學(xué)習(xí)知識資料點(diǎn)歸納_9421八年級下冊英語重要知識點(diǎn)歸納M1重要語法：感官性系統(tǒng)詞：feel(摸起來)、look(看起來)、smell(聞起來)、taste(嘗起來)sound(聽起來),后接形容詞作表語，不能夠接副詞。構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句要借助助動詞。Thesilkdressfeelssoft.Theflowerslookverybeautiful.Doesitsmellnice?Thesongdoesntsoundbenoisy.2.Whatadelicioussmell!

2、多么香??！對名詞或名詞短語惋惜用what惋惜句結(jié)構(gòu)：What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語）！Whataninterestingbookitis!What+形容詞+不能數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+（主語+謂語）！Whatbadweatheritistoday!Whatgoodstudentstheyare!對形容詞、副詞或動詞惋惜用howHow+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！Howfastheisrunning!Howdeliciousitsmells!HowImissthedayswespenttogether!我多么我們一起度過的日子！3.Imafraid+句子:生怕Imafraidhe

3、hasnotimetoday.bedone做好了Isyourhomeworkdone?你的作業(yè)做好了嗎？Dinnerisdone!晚飯做好了！haveatry試一試；嘗一嘗6.haveasweettooth喜好甜食7.thanksfor=thankyoufor+名詞/動詞-ing。因此感謝你。Thanksforyourhelp.=Thanksforhelpingme.Thankyouforinvitingmetoyourparty.8.hearfrom=get/receivealetterfrom收到的來信9.cantwaittodosth迫不.及待去做某事Icantwaittoseeyou.

4、10.人+spend+時間（in）doingsth.。=Ittakes+人+時間+todosth.某人開銷多少時間做某事Hespenttwodays(in)readingthenovel.=Ittookhimtwodaystoreadthenovel.11.too也（置于句末，前加逗號）also也(置于居中be或神情動詞此后)aswell也（置于句末，前不加逗號）12.beproudof認(rèn)為豪Myparentsareproudofme.13.Howdoyoufeelabout+名詞/動詞-ing？=Whatdoyouthinkof+名詞/動詞-ing？你感覺怎么樣？Howdoyoufeelab

5、outthefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?HowdoyoufeelaboutcomingtoChina?=WhatdoyouthinkofcomingtoChina?beafraidof+名詞/動詞-ing：害怕.Iamafaidofdog/goingoutatnight.beafraidofdoingsth.=beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事Sheisafraidofsleepingaloneatnight.=Sheisafraidtosleepaloneatnight.15.Whatdoessb.looklike?某人長得怎么樣（問表面）答：shor

6、t/tall/young/prettyWhatissblike?某人性格怎么樣？（問性格或質(zhì)量）答：quiet/nice/strict/kind.-WhatdoesyourEnglishteacherlooklike?-Heistallwithpairofglasses.-WhatisyourEnglishteacherlike?-Heisstrictbutfriendly.M2重要語法：現(xiàn)在完成時（一）：描述過去已經(jīng)、從前或還沒有做過某事的經(jīng)歷或體驗(yàn)，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+動詞過去分詞(否定)havent/hasn動t+詞過去分詞含義：已經(jīng)/從前做過還沒有做過標(biāo)志詞：al

7、ready、ever、never、yet、just等。Ihaveseenthemovie.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影。（我現(xiàn)在認(rèn)識該電影了。）Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.他已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。（他能夠交作業(yè)了）Wehaventhaddinneryet我.們還沒有吃晚飯。（我們現(xiàn)在餓）Haveyoueverenteredaspeakingcompetition?你從前參加過演講競賽嗎？（變一般疑問句把have/has提到句首）Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.2.enteracompetition=takepartinacompetition參加競賽3.help

8、sb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事HeoftenhelpsmelearnEnglish.4.affordsth.買得起某物Icantaffordthenewbike.affordtodosth.付得起錢去做某事=haveenoughmoneytobuysth.stoptodosth.=stopandthendosth.停下來往做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事Imtired.Letsstoptohave我累a了rest。讓.我們停下來休息一下吧！Itstimeforclassnow.Let上s課stop時間talking到了！.讓我們不要講話了！6.makeup編寫makeupa

9、story編故事makeit/themup(代詞要放中間)7.invitesb.todosth.邀請某人做某事fifteen-year-old十五歲的（復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞不能夠加s,作定語）fifteenyearsold十五歲（短語，不能夠作定語，常作表語）Heisfifteenyearsold.=Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.9.atthemoment=now現(xiàn)在（常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時中）10.have/hasbeento+某地：從前往過某地（人已經(jīng)回來，常與次數(shù)連用）have/hasgoneto+某地：到某地去了（人未回，不能夠與次數(shù)連用）have/hasbeenin+某地

10、：在某地呆/逗留（常與for+時間段連用）IhavebeentoHongKongtwice.Heisntherenow.HehasgonetotheUSA.WehavebeeninChinafor20years.11.bedifferentfrom與.不相同12.findit+形容詞+todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是.的（it是形式賓語，無義，取代后邊不定式）Ifinditeasytolearnmaths.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)很簡單。TonyfindsithardtospeakChinese.托尼發(fā)現(xiàn)說漢語很難。13.sofar到目前為止（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時）SofarIhavelearnt3，000Eng

11、lishwords.14.allovertheworld=aroundtheworld全世界15.countdown倒數(shù)M31.already已經(jīng)（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時必然句句中或句末）Ihavealreadyknownhimyet尚，還（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時否定句或疑問句句末）Hasitarrivedyet？just方才（常用于現(xiàn)在完成時必然句句中）Theyhavejustarrived.2.Whatareyourupto?=Whatareyoudoing?你在忙什么？3.Imnotsurehowtomakeit.=ImnotsurehowIcanmakeit.Thatswhy那就是.的原因了。5.

12、inorderto+動詞原形：為了Heworkssohardinordertogetthebestscore.sothat+句子=inorderthat+句子：為了Heworkssohardsothat(inorderthat)hecangetthebestscore.6.thereis(現(xiàn)在完成時形式)therehasbeen已經(jīng)有/存在thereare(現(xiàn)在完成時形式)therehavebeen已經(jīng)有/存在Therehavebeenmanybuildingsinourvillagesince15yearsago.7.goaround圍繞轉(zhuǎn)noneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/賓格+動詞（單/復(fù)形）：沒有

13、一個（既指人也指物）noone+動詞（單）=nobody（僅指人，不與of連用，常用于who提出的問題）Noneofthestudentsknow(s)theanwer.沒有一個學(xué)生知道答案。-Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?None.一個也沒有（重申數(shù)量）Nooneknowstheanswer.Whosintheclassroom?-Noone.沒有人（重申有沒有人）9.becalled被稱為10.asmallpartof的.一小部分municatewith與聯(lián)系12.finishdoingsth.完成做某事13.writeback回信M4重要語法：1.現(xiàn)在完成

14、時（二）：描述一個動作或狀態(tài)從過去連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在致使將來有多長時間。常與“for+時間段/since+時間點(diǎn)”、sofar、recently（近來）、inthelast10years（近來十年）等表示連續(xù)的時間連用，也用于howlong問句中。IhavelearntEnglishfor6years.Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.Chinahaschangedalotinthelast30years.HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?特別注意：在現(xiàn)在完成時（二）中，與“for+時間段/since+時間點(diǎn)”或howlong問句中，動詞必定為可連續(xù)性動詞

15、（learn,stay,live），不能夠?yàn)槎虝盒詣釉~(buy,borrow,die若為),短暫性動詞則要變換成連續(xù)性動詞或短語。如：buyhaveborrowkeep/haveleavebeawaydiebedeadcome/go/reachbeinjointhepartybeintheparty錯誤：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3days.(buy為短暫性動詞，不能夠與for+時間段連用)正確：Ihavehad/keptthebikefor3days.(將buy改為連續(xù)性動詞have2.（問）-Howlong?多久.?（答）For+時間段/since+時間點(diǎn)。Howlongh

16、aveyoubeenlikethis?你這樣多久了？Ihavebeenillforaboutthreedays.我生病大體三天了。3.catchacold感冒haveafever發(fā)熱t(yī)akeonestemperature測量某人的體溫doexercise鍛煉fastfood快餐notusually不經(jīng)常threetimesaday一天三次4.beharmfulto對.有害Playingcomputergamesisharmfultoyoureyes.5.bydoing經(jīng)過做.decide（not）todosth.信心（不）做某事inexcellent/badcondition身體情況優(yōu)異/差r

17、idetowork=gotoworkbybike騎車上班arriveat/in=getto=reach到達(dá)withasmileonone面s帶face笑臉goforarun去跑步feelawful感覺不適allover渾身；遍及6.tooto太而不能夠Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.7.choosesb.todosth.選擇某人去干某事ontheway在路上M51.Itstime動to詞()dosth.=Itstime（名for詞）sth.該做某事的時候了。Itstimetohaveclass.=Itstimeclassfor.playgames.=games.eat

18、dinner.=dinner2.fight（foughtfoutht）sb.打某人fightwithsb.與某人打架fightfor為而戰(zhàn)3.flythrough飛越climbup爬上4.Iwanttobesomeonelikehim.我想成為想他那樣的人。5.keepdoingsomething不斷做某事keepsb.doingsth.讓某人素來做某事keepsbfromdoingsth.=stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻攔某人做某事Keeptrying,andyoullsucceed（成功）.不斷試一試，你就會成功！canthelpdoingsth.身不由己做某事Shecould

19、nthelpcryingwhensheheardthenews.IcanthelpmissingyouwhenIseethephotos.Thelittleboycanthelpancingdwiththerockmusic.7.over=morethan高出8.wintheheartofsb.贏得某人的心Theboywontheheartofthebeautifulgirl.9.makeaterriblemess弄得一團(tuán)糟10.expecttodosth.希望做某事Iexpecttoseeyousoon.11.eversince+句子(一般過去時)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時）Wehaveknownea

20、he1980s在二十世紀(jì)八十年代in1980在1980年（沒有the和s）13.findreallifehardtounderstand=findithardtounderstandrealhard發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活難以理解find+賓格+形容詞+todo=findit形+容詞+todo+賓格：發(fā)現(xiàn)做是的14.aswellas=with/andalso和；以及；也；像相同好HecanspeakEnglishaswellasFrench.他會說英語，也會說法語。TonyaswellashisparentslivesinChinanow.托尼

21、和他的父親母親現(xiàn)在住在國。（動詞要依照就遠(yuǎn)原則，與aswellas前的主語人稱和數(shù)一致）IcanspeakEnglishaswellashim.我的英語說得想他相同好。etolife復(fù)生/恢復(fù)生氣16.bepopularwithsb.收到某人的歡迎17.幾種時態(tài)差異:時態(tài)看法標(biāo)志詞一般現(xiàn)在時：經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性地動作謂語動詞形式動詞原形/三單often時間usuallysometimeseveryday/week一般過去式：過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)動詞過去式y(tǒng)esterdayagojustnow,lastweek/year現(xiàn)在完成時：已經(jīng)或從前干過某事，對現(xiàn)在的影響have/has+過去分詞alre

22、adyyetjustnever.過去發(fā)生的動作連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)碛卸嗑?。for+時間段、since+時間點(diǎn)，sofar,rencentlyM6takeup據(jù)有（空間/時間）Thedesktookuptoomuchroom.Playingcomputergameshastakenupmostofhistime.從事Hetookupartatschool.他在學(xué)校教美術(shù)。2.findsomewheretositdown找地方坐下3.abitof+不能數(shù)名詞=alittleofabitoffood/orangejuiceabitofamess有點(diǎn)亂abit+形容詞/副詞=alittleabittire

23、d/hungry差異：notabit:一點(diǎn)也不notalittle:很/特別4.must必然（表推測）Itmustbereallyvaluable.他必然很值錢。5.as+(形容詞/副詞)原級+as:像相同Heisastallashisbrother.否定：notasas不如.Tomisnotastallashisbrother.inone在s（life某人）一世中makesb./sth.+動詞原形：使某人/某物做某事Donmaketmelaugh.Thebossmadetheworkerworkforalongtime.近似：letsb./sth.+動詞原形：讓某人/某物做某事growasa

24、person長大成人someothers一些別的一些10.developoneinterest培養(yǎng)某人的興趣11.aswellas=besides除了.之外，還包括.AswellasTom,hisparentscametotheparty.湯姆和他的父親母親都來參加了這個聚會。encouragesb.todosth.激勵某人做某事comeout初版；出門；14.asaresult結(jié)果asaresultof由于.=becauseofHedidntworkhard,asaresult,hedidntpasstheexam.15.beinterestedin+名詞/動詞-ing:對感興趣Iamver

25、yinterestedinmaths.Areyouinterestedindancing?16.sb.spend+時間+doingsth.某人開銷多少時間做某事。=Ittakessb.+時間+todosth.Heusuallyspendslotsoftimeplayingcomputergames.=Itusuallytakeshimlotsoftimetoplaycomputergames.M71.preparefor為做.準(zhǔn)備=getreadyfor2.makealistof列的清單3.getready把準(zhǔn)備好4.Itsoundscrazy.這聽起來很荒謬。5.Idontknowwhatt

26、otake（.簡單句=IdontknowwhatIshouldtake.（復(fù)合句）attheendof在.的終點(diǎn)/結(jié)尾Is200dollarsenough?（金錢、時間、距離做主語時，視作單數(shù)）50yearsislongtime.100metresisashortdistance.8.hadbetter+動詞原形：最好做某事Youhadbetterstayhomeatnight.否定：hadbetternot+動詞原形：最好不要做某事：Youdbetternotgooutnow.9.bytheway順便說一下gocrazy變瘋inagroupof20二十人一組10.offersb.sth.=o

27、ffersth.tosb.向某人供應(yīng)某物Heofferedthepoorlotsoffoodandwater.offertodosth.自覺去做某事Theyofferedtohelpme.11.learnabout認(rèn)識atthesametime同時bewelltrained受過優(yōu)異培訓(xùn)dependon依賴；取決于14.providesb.sth.供應(yīng)某人某物=providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.15.settests安排考試formclosefriendshipswith與結(jié).成婚密的友誼stayintouchwith和保持聯(lián)系taketripsto到去旅行

28、atleast最少fillout填寫M8重要語法：賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子。本模塊重點(diǎn)：由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that無義，可省,后接陳述句作賓語。賓語從句復(fù)合句=主句+引導(dǎo)詞+賓語從句。Icanhardlybelieve(that)wereinthecitycentre.Tonyguessesthattheparkisverypopular.Linglingsuggeststhattheyspendthedaythere.Linglingdoesntthethinkparkwillbebusy.主句和從句的時態(tài)關(guān)系：主句：一般現(xiàn)在時從句：需依照實(shí)質(zhì)情況用不相同時態(tài)Shesays

29、(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.（從句為一般現(xiàn)在時）Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.（從句為一般將來時）Mygrandparentsoftentellmetheylivedahardlifeinthepast.（從句為一般過去時）Xiaomingsayshehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.（從句為現(xiàn)在完成時）主句：一般過去時從句：一般過去時/過去時的某種時態(tài)Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.（從句用一般過去時）Hes

30、aid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.（從句用過去將來時）Ourteachertoldushehadtaughtherefor20years.（從句用過去完成時）特別情況：從句描述的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、科學(xué)名言警句等不以時間改變而改變的事實(shí)時，無論主句為何種時態(tài)，從句總是用一般現(xiàn)在時。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.他說光比聲音流傳得快)Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.（客觀事實(shí)）Shesaid(that)herfatheristwenty-eightye

31、arsolderthanher.（客觀事實(shí)）Myfathertoldus(that)nothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit.（客觀真理）注意：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think或believe，賓語從句要表達(dá)否定時，要把從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。IdontthinkheisgoingtohelpyouwithyourEnglish.Wedontbelievethatwehavewonthebasketballmatch.2.hardly幾乎不=almostnotHecanhardlybelievetheresult,canhe?（前否后肯）sothat這樣致使

32、于Thelittleboyissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.=Thelittleboyistooyoungtogotoschool.Thelittleboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.sothat以便；為了=inordertharhearsb./sth.+動詞原形：聽見某人/某物（經(jīng)常/過去）做.hearsb./sth.+動詞-ing:聽見某人/某物正在做.befamousfor因此出名befamousas+職業(yè)/身份：作為而出名Thisparkisfamousforitslake.Luxunisfamousasawriter.6.allow

33、doingsth.贊同做某事Theydontallowsmokinghereallowsb.todosth.贊同某人做某事Hisparentsallowedhimtogooutwithme.allow+that從句：Heallowedthattheywereright.他認(rèn)同他們是對的7.Itsbetter(forsb.)todo（sth對.某人來說）最好去做某事。Itsbetterforyoutostopsmoking.=Youhadbetterstopsmoking.8.pointout指出pointat/to指著（近物/遠(yuǎn)物）9.atthetopof在的頂部moveabout周圍走動10

34、.promisetodosth.答應(yīng)做某事Hmisenottodosth.保證不做某事Tmise+that從句:Myparentspromisethattheywillbuymeanewshirt.11.haveawonderfultime玩得快樂magicland仙境squarekilometer平方公里byasmalllake在小湖畔wakesb.up喚醒某人12.withoutdoing沒有做.Wecameoutwithoutmakinganynoise.13.Itisapitytha

35、t+從句。真遺憾.Itsapitythatyouhavemissedtheparty.14.walkdownthepath順路而下15.putleavesoffplants從植物扯下葉子thesecondlargest第二大.(the+序數(shù)詞+最高等：第幾最.)17.fallasleep入睡M91.重要語法：if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句復(fù)合句，if/whether意為“可否”，用在將直接引語（說話人說得話）為一般疑問句的簡單句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語（轉(zhuǎn)述他人的話）的復(fù)合句中做引導(dǎo)詞，轉(zhuǎn)變后需將一般疑問句變?yōu)殛愂鼍洌搓愂稣Z序。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+if/whether+賓語從句（用陳述語序）（直接引語

36、）“Areyouateacher?”heasks.（間接引語）Heasksif/whetherIamateacher.（直接引語）“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”theteacheraskedhim.（間接引語）Theteacheraskedif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.間接引語也就是if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Hewantstoknowifitwillraintomorrow.Idontknowwhetherheisathomeornot.注：if和whether一般情況下能夠互換使用，但以下情況，不能夠用if,只能用wh

37、ether:在動詞不定式從前只能用whetherIdontknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse（拒絕）.在whetherornot的固定搭配中。Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.在介詞后，只能用whether。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.whether。賓語從句放在句首表示重申時，只能用Whetheritistrueornot,Icanttell.用if會引起歧義時，只用whether。如用whether可防備歧義。特別疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（what/where/when/which/why/how/ho

38、wmany）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+特別疑問詞+賓語從句（用陳述語序）直接引語為特別疑問句的簡單句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語復(fù)合句時，用原來的特別疑問詞作引導(dǎo)詞，但后邊需改為陳述句，即陳述語序。（直引）“Whatsyourname?Mr.”Liasksme.（間引）Mr.Liaskswhatmynameis.（直引）“Whydidheaskforhelp?heasked”.（間引）Heaskedwhyheaskedforhelp.間引即為特別疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Wheredoeshecomefrom?Idontknow（合.并句子）Idontknowwherehecomesfrom.（合并后，原來的特別疑問句充

39、當(dāng)賓語從句，故要改為陳述句，由于它不再是問句了）HowcanIgetthere?Canyoutellme?（合并句子）CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere?（剖析同上）注：if/whether和特別疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句復(fù)合句，主句和從句的時態(tài)與that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句復(fù)合句相同，需注意主從句時態(tài)的變化。mentionsth.tosb.向某人提及某事takeamessage（forsb.）：（為某人）捎口信4.打電話用語：Whoscalling?=Whosthatspeaking?你是哪位？Isthat(speaking)?你是嗎？Thisisspeaking我是.Could/M

40、ayIspeakto我可?以和.說話嗎？haveaproblemwithsb.和某人之間出了問題6.getseparated分開7.explainsth.tosb.向某人剖析某事Pleaseexplainthemeaningtome.explain+疑問詞+不定式：Couldyouexplainhowtodoitwell?explain+賓語從句：Couldyouexplainwhathappenedthen?8.refusetodosth.拒絕做某事Herefusedtohelpme.9.feel/besureof對有.掌握10.regrettodosth.遺憾地（要）做某事（還未做）regretregretted-regrettedIregrettedsclodinghimtheotherday.我后悔幾天前責(zé)備過他。regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事(已經(jīng)做過了）Iregettotellyouthatyouaredismissed.我遺憾地告訴你：你被開除了。bepatientwithsb.對某人耐心introduceAtoB:把A介紹給B（認(rèn)識）encouragesb.todosth.激勵某人做某事Myparentsalwaysencouragemetostudyhard.14.haveahar