2022版高考英語一輪復習第3部分人與自然主題群4宇宙探索主題語境1自然科學研究成果教案

1、2022版高考英語一輪復習第3部分人與自然主題群4宇宙探索主題語境1自然科學研究成果教師用書教案2022版高考英語一輪復習第3部分人與自然主題群4宇宙探索主題語境1自然科學研究成果教師用書教案PAGE 2022版高考英語一輪復習第3部分人與自然主題群4宇宙探索主題語境1自然科學研究成果教師用書教案主題群四宇宙探索主題語境（一)自然科學研究成果閱讀理解A(2020浙江7月卷 C）Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking，planning and other managerial skills might help you

2、r brain stay sharp as you age，a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests。Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1，000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.Then，for e

3、ight years，the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests。Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激)，demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.And they tended to lose cognitive(認知）function at a much slower rate t

4、han those with the least mentally challenging jobs.The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants overall health status.“This works just like physical exercise，”says Francisca Then，who led the study.“After a long run,you may feel like youre in pain，you may feel tired。

5、But it makes you fit。After a long day at worksure，you will feel tired,but it can help your brain stay healthy?！盜ts not just corporate jobs,or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit,Then points out.A waiters job，for example，that requires multitasking，teamwork and decision.making could be ju

6、st as stimulating as any high.level office work.And “running a family household requires highlevel planning and coordinating(協(xié)調(diào))，she says?！癥ou have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries。Of course，our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reason

7、s- including other environmental influences or genetic factors.Still，continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.【語篇解讀】文章認為有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作能夠讓人更好地保持大腦的活力。1Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests？ATo assess their health status.BTo evaluate their work

8、habits。CTo analyze their personality.DTo measure their mental ability.D細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第二段中的“assessed the volunteers memory and thinking skills”可知，科學家對這些志愿者的測試主要是用來研究和評估他們的記憶力和思考能力，故選D項.2How does Francisca Then explain her findings in Paragraph 4？ABy using an experts words.BBy making a comparison.CBy refe

9、rring to another study。DBy introducing a concept。B推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章第四段中的“This works just like physical exercise可知,Francisca Then把它與體育鍛煉相比較,故采用的方法是“對比法，故選B項。3Which of the following is the best title for the text?ARetired Workers Can Pick Up New SkillsBOld People Should Take Challenging JobsCYour Tough Job M

10、ight Help Keep You SharpDCognitive Function May Decline as You AgeC標題判斷題。根據(jù)文章全文和第一段中的“Challenging work。.might help your brain stay sharp as you age”可知，本文主要說明了有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作能更好地讓你保持大腦思維敏捷，故選C項。B(2019全國卷D)Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers。A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate

11、26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0。25 drops of water or juice as a reward.The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined-or addedthe symbols to get the reward.Heres how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone， who led the team, describ

12、ed the experiment： In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens.On one part of the screen， a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown。For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8。If the mo

13、nkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice； if they went for the circle， they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers-17 in this example。After running hundreds of tests， the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher valu

14、es more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination。When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the

15、two were close in valuesometimes choosing， for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6。 The underestimation was systematic： When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction（小部分）of the smaller number to it?！癟his indicates that there is

16、a certain way quantity is represented in their brains，Dr.Livingstone says?！癇ut in this experiment what theyre doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：猴子可以進行基本的加法運算.文章對研究的經(jīng)過和結(jié)論做了介紹和分析。4What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them？AThe

17、y fed them。BThey named them.CThey trained them.DThey measured them.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys。.The researchers then tested how.。.”可知，在對這些猴子進行測試之前,研究者們對它們進行了培訓.故C選項正確。5How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?ABy drawing a circle。BBy touching a scr

18、een.CBy watching videos。DBy mixing two drinks。B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens。.If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen， they would be rewarded with seven drops。.。; if they went for the circle， they would be rewarded with.。”可知，當猴子觸摸屏幕左邊時，它們會得到7滴水或

19、者果汁的獎勵；當它們觸摸屏幕的另一端(即畫著圓圈的部分)時,它們會得到17滴水或果汁的獎勵.由此可知，猴子是通過觸摸屏幕得到獎勵的。B選項正確。6What did Livingstones team find about the monkeys？AThey could perform basic addition.BThey could understand simple words.CThey could memorize numbers easily.DThey could hold their attention for long。A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“the monkeys wou

20、ld go for the higher values more than half the time， indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination”和第五段中的“When adding two numbers.?！笨芍镒訒诔^一半的時間內(nèi)選擇更高的值，這意味著它們在進行計算，而不僅僅是記住每一個組合的值。由此可知，A選項正確：猴子能夠進行基本的加法計算。由此亦可以排除C選項。7In which section of a news

21、paper may this text appear？AEntertainment。BHealth.CEducation。DScience.D推理判斷題.通讀整篇文章可知,該文介紹的是哈佛醫(yī)學院的科學家Margaret Livingstone領(lǐng)導的一個研究團隊對猴子進行實驗得出的研究結(jié)果。這屬于“科學研究范疇，故該文應出現(xiàn)在報紙的“科學”板塊.故D選項正確。閱讀七選五C（2017北京卷）Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,the

22、y die within a month。 1 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2 We know that,while awake，fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加強） connections between brain cells,but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sl

23、eep evolved so that connections between neurons （神經(jīng)元） in the brain can be weakened overnight，making room for fresh memories to form the next day。 3 Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller tha

24、n those taken before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right，it would explain why，when we miss a nights sleep，we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new informationour brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their

25、research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner。The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 5 “You keep what matters,”Tononi says。AWe should also try to sleep well the night before。BIts as if the bra

26、in is preserving its most important memories.CSimilarly，when people go for a few days without sleeping，they get sick.DThe processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories。EThats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning。F“Sleep is the price we

27、pay for learning，says Giulio Tononi，who developed the idea.GTononis team measured the size of these connections,or synapses,in the brains of 12 mice?！菊Z篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了動物睡眠的原因，提出了兩種假設(shè):“幫助鞏固新的記憶”和“為明天的全新記憶騰出空間”。其中，后一種假設(shè)得到了實驗支持，為越來越多的人所認可.1C首句指出每種動物都要睡覺，但原因仍然是個謎。接下來是具體例證，如實驗室的老鼠被剝奪了睡眠，一個月內(nèi)就會死亡，而同樣，

28、人類如果連續(xù)幾天不睡覺，就會生病，故選C項。本設(shè)空類型屬于細節(jié)理解類。2E該段首句提出了第一個假設(shè)，睡眠幫助我們鞏固新的記憶。與這個論點相呼應的例子是E項，該項中的that指代的就是前面的假設(shè)，也就是說,這個假設(shè)能夠解釋為什么學生如果能在學習之后睡覺休息，會在考試中發(fā)揮更好。本設(shè)空類型屬于過渡句類。3F由下段首句中的代詞he可知,該空中必然包含一個人名，否則he就失去了所指對象，瀏覽各選項，可鎖定F項和G項,但只有F項能與本段的內(nèi)容銜接，也就是說，睡眠會幫助清除記憶，為新記憶騰出空間。按照研究人員Tononi的說法，“睡眠是我們?yōu)閷W習付出的代價。本設(shè)空類型屬于段落總結(jié)類。4G該段首句說“現(xiàn)在我

29、們有最直接的證據(jù)證明他的假設(shè)是對的”，那接下來應該是具體描述該證據(jù)。此外，該空后面一句話解釋了實驗的結(jié)果和意義.綜合看來，只有G項符合語境,指出了研究團隊、實驗對象及實驗內(nèi)容.本設(shè)空類型屬于過渡句類。5B由空后的you keep what matters“你記住要緊的事情”可鎖定B項“似乎大腦在保存它最重要的記憶”。本設(shè)空類型屬于過渡句類.。寫出所給單詞的漢語意思1analytical adj。分析性的2assess v評估3mentally adv。精神上,心智上4retirement n退休5overall adj.adv。全部6status n地位7household n住戶 8coor

30、dinate v調(diào)節(jié)，配合9decline v下降;婉拒10calculation n計算11systematic adj.系統(tǒng)的12fraction n小部分13represent v代表14reinforce v強化15theory n理論,學說16evolve v演化17overnight adv.一夜之間。根據(jù)所給漢語寫出英文單詞1gather v聚集，收集2selective adj.選擇的3combine v合并4touch v觸碰，感動5circle n圈,圓形6indicate v表明7awake adj。醒著的。根據(jù)所給提示寫出派生單詞1decide v做出決定decisio

31、n n決定2symbol n符號，象征 symbolic adj.象征性的3value n&vt。價值； 重視valuable adj.貴重的4memory n記憶memorize v記住5describe v描述description n描述6support n&v.支持 supportive adj.支持的7concentrate v集中concentration n濃縮.根據(jù)所給漢語寫出慣用習語1a_battery_of一系列的2hold_true_ 適用；有效3feel_like 感覺好像；喜歡4go_for選擇；想要獲得5make_room_for 為騰出空間即時演練單句語法填空1E

32、ven chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children， who are able from a young age to_gather （gather) their own food。2The police commanded him to_describe （describe） what had happened the day before。3Linda and I,representing （represent) our class，will take part in the contest to be

33、 held this weekend。4Many donators have rushed into fancy programs without carefully assessing (assess） the relative long. term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money。5It was a touching(touch） story that moved many of us to tears.6I dont like you associating with those people.7You shou

34、ld keep a record of your expenses。8She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.。熟詞生義（寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help. 盡管如此2Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy。模糊不清的3Their researc

35、h also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.持久的。似易實難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants overall health status。譯文即使在科學家解釋了參與者的總體健康狀況之后，這些結(jié)論依然成立。2Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.譯文

36、猴子似乎善于數(shù)字計算。復雜晦澀（分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.分析本句是倒置結(jié)構(gòu)，主句被放置句后，即a study suggests，前面是suggests的賓語從句，從句的主語是challeng

37、ing work,謂語部分是might help your brain stay sharp，as you age是狀語從句.that requires。.是定語從句，修飾先行詞work，that在從句中做主語。譯文發(fā)表于神經(jīng)學上的一項研究結(jié)果表明，人在變老時，做些需要大量的分析思維、計劃和其他管理技能的挑戰(zhàn)性工作有助于保持大腦的敏銳。2Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed t

38、he volunteers memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests。分析本句是復合句。主句主語是Researchers，謂語有兩個部分，即gathered more than 1 000 retired workers和assessed the volunteers memory.。who were over age 75是定語從句，修飾先行詞workers。譯文來自德國萊比錫大學的研究人員召集了1千多名75歲以上的退休工人，通過一系列測試評估了志愿者的記憶力和思維能力.3After running hundreds of t

39、ests， the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation， not just memorizing the value of each combination.分析本句是復合句.主句部分為the researchers noted，后面that引導賓語從句，從句中的主謂部分是the monkeys would go for the higher val

40、ues.。.indicating.。是狀語結(jié)構(gòu)，其中that引導賓語從句。譯文經(jīng)過數(shù)百次的測試之后,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子有超過半數(shù)的機率會選擇較高數(shù)值，這表明它們在做計算，而不只是記住每個組合的數(shù)值。4When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value-sometimes c

41、hoosing，for example， a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.分析本句是復合句。句首when引導狀語從句，主句部分是they noticed，其后that引導賓語從句，賓語從句中主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是the monkeys tended to underestimate a sum compared with a single symbol，when the two were close in value是狀語從句，破折號后面通過舉例解釋說明前面的underestimate a sum.譯文當研究團隊更仔細地檢驗實驗結(jié)果時，他們注意到，在兩組數(shù)值接近時，相較于單個數(shù)字

42、符號，猴子更傾向于低估組合的數(shù)值比如，有時會選擇13，而不選擇86的組合.1refer to 指的是；提到；涉及；參考；查閱(1）refer .。to 。.。把提交處理refer to 。as .把稱作(2）reference n提及；參考；查閱in/with reference to 關(guān)于refer to a dictionary 查閱詞典refer to the discovery as a major breakthrough 把這個發(fā)現(xiàn)稱作是一個重大突破with reference to your recent advertisement 關(guān)于貴方最近的廣告一詞多義寫出下列句中refe

43、r to的含義（2019全國卷)The trend， then, was toward the “penny paper”a term referring to papers made widely available to the public。指的是He spoke at the meeting for an hour without referring to his notes。查閱The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech。提到能力提升詞匯升級普通表達:The discovery

44、 was regarded as the most exciting new development in this field by some scientists.高級表達：The discovery was referred_to_as the most exciting new development in this field by some scientists.2decline n& vi.下降;減少；衰退（1)be in decline 處于下降狀態(tài)，衰退中on the decline 在下坡路上;在衰退(減少）(2）decline to do sth。拒絕做某事decline

45、 by/to 下降了/到a city in decline 一個衰退中的城市decline to answer the question 拒絕回答這個問題has declined to 5 million 已經(jīng)下降到五百萬基礎(chǔ)練習單句語法填空The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year.She declined to_have（have） lunch with her friend， saying that she wasnt feeling well。As she was getting older， her m

46、ental powers were on the decline。能力提升完成句子自從新的交通法規(guī)出臺以來,闖紅燈的人數(shù)下降了.The number of people who run the red light has_declined/has_been_on_the _decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.3associate vt。聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系 n同伴；伙伴（1)associate sb。/sth。with sb。/sth。把和聯(lián)系在一起be associated with。和有關(guān)（2)association

47、n聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；因果關(guān)系交往;協(xié)會；團體in association with.。與合伙/合作business associates生意伙伴an associate editor/professor副主編/副教授an association between passive smoking and cancer被動吸煙與癌癥的因果關(guān)系基礎(chǔ)練習-單句語法填空(2019全國卷)Just as importantly， we tend to associate fresh air with health care.Team leaders must ensure that all members get

48、 over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated_（associate) with making mistakes。We are working in association （associate） with a local company to raise money for the homeless.能力提升一句多譯有很多嚴重的健康問題與吸煙有關(guān)。There are many serious health problems which_are_associated_with_smoking. （定語從句）The

49、re are many serious health problems associated_with_smoking.(過云分詞短語作定語）4touch n觸碰 v觸碰，感動（1）get in touch with 與接觸,與取得聯(lián)系lose touch with 與失去聯(lián)系out of touch with 與不聯(lián)系(2)touching adj。感人的touched adj.被感動的keep in touch with each other by chatting on the WeChat 通過微信聊天互相聯(lián)系get in touch with each other by teleph

50、one 通過電話彼此聯(lián)系上了be out of touch with various things of the modern world 與現(xiàn)代社會的各種事物都失去了聯(lián)系名師點津keep/be in touch with和be out of touch with表示狀態(tài)，可與時間段連用；而get in touch with和lose touch with表示動作，不能與時間段連用?；A(chǔ)練習單句語法填空I want to explore and get in touch with my inner self.During the war，many people lost touch with

51、their relatives。能力提升一句多譯我們十年前才與他取得了聯(lián)系。We got_in_touch_with_him only ten years ago。(get in touch)We have_been_in_touch_with_him for only ten years。（be in touch)5record vt.錄音；記錄 n紀錄；唱片;檔案；履歷;經(jīng)歷 adj.創(chuàng)紀錄的(1)It is recorded that 。.。據(jù)記載(2)keep a record of 把記錄下來break/set/hold a record 打破/創(chuàng)造/保持紀錄on record 記錄

52、在案的make a record 錄制唱片make a video to record our experiences at school 拍錄像記錄下我們的在校經(jīng)歷break the world record 打破世界紀錄keep a record of my first smile and my first walk記錄了我的第一次微笑和第一次走路基礎(chǔ)練習單句語法填空Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 above the average.It is recorded （record)

53、that there have been a lot of earthquakes in this area。能力提升-詞匯升級普通表達：Write down the mistakes you made it will help you avoid making the same ones later。高級表達：Keep_a_record_of the mistakes you made it will help you avoid making the same ones later。（record)6perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；執(zhí)行(1）performance n演出；履行

54、；表現(xiàn)put on/give a performance 演出(2)performer n演出者；表演者perform an operation進行手術(shù)perform my duty/promise 盡我的責任/履行我的承諾perform a task執(zhí)行任務perform an important role in our organization在我們的組織中發(fā)揮著重要的作用perform magic tricks表演魔術(shù)perform well in his exam他在考試中考得好基礎(chǔ)練習-單句語法填空Listening to music at home is one thing， go

55、ing to hear it being_performed (perform） live is quite another.While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to_perform (perform） his duty。No matter how frequently performed (perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.(2019江蘇卷）The musician along w

56、ith his band members has given ten performances_(perform) in the last three months.能力提升完成句子/句式升級普通表達：The_performer_performed_very_well （這個表演者表演的很好)on the stage.Her performance was popular with the audience。高級表達:The_performer_performed_very_well_on_the_stage,_whose_ performance_was_popular_with_the_a

57、udience.(非限制性定語從句）Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神經(jīng)元） in the brain can be weakened overnight， making room for fresh memories to form the next day.有一種理論的支持者越來越多,該理論認為，夜間睡眠的形式能使大腦神經(jīng)元之間的聯(lián)系減弱,從而給第二天接收的新信息留出空間。句型公式句中so that引導狀語從句，so that既可以引導目的狀語從句，

58、也可以引導結(jié)果狀語從句.（1）引導目的狀語從句時，意為“以便，為了，從句中多含有can, could, might等情態(tài)動詞。（2)引導結(jié)果狀語從句時,意為“結(jié)果是,以致。（3）so that引導目的狀語從句的時候，可以用in order that代替，有時候也可以用so as to或者in order to表達同樣的意義?；A(chǔ)練習-單句語法填空Many athletes take part in the Olympic Games so that_they can win glory for their homeland.You had better set aside some time

59、every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.能力提升一句多譯科學家們耗盡一生的心血,只為找到這樣的一個理論。Scientists devote all their life to their research_in_order_to_find_such_a_theory。 (in order to） Scientists devote all their life to their research so_that_they_can_find_such_a_ theory。（so that)夯基固本知識落實。用所給詞

60、的正確形式填空1My initial reaction was to_decline（decline） the offer.2In western countries， the number “thirteen is usually associated(associate） with bad luck.3Luckily，nothing valuable（value) was stolen.4She reached down,touching(touch) her toes with opposite hands.5Assessing(assess） insurance risk can ne