書(shū)面表達(dá)“句子成分”梳理謂語(yǔ)課件-高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、書(shū)面表達(dá)“句子成分”梳理謂語(yǔ)*本節(jié)知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo): 1.系統(tǒng)掌握什么詞、什么結(jié)構(gòu)可以在句中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。 2.使用謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)有哪些注意事項(xiàng)。*本節(jié)知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵: 1.在書(shū)面表達(dá)時(shí)能準(zhǔn)確使用謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的最核心部分。高考書(shū)面表達(dá)閱卷時(shí)，要點(diǎn)之上的句子如果沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，不能確認(rèn)為要點(diǎn)或視為要點(diǎn)未出，因而無(wú)要點(diǎn)分。 2.使用謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)要尤其關(guān)注動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、情感、否定和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的巧用。一、謂語(yǔ)的概念表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞叫謂語(yǔ)。二、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類（一）行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞） 可以直接作謂語(yǔ)。它分為及物動(dòng)詞（其后必須跟賓語(yǔ)意義才完整，如果沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)就要考慮使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）和不及物動(dòng)詞（

2、其后不需要跟賓語(yǔ)意義已經(jīng)完整，如果有賓語(yǔ)就要和適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~連用）。1.Tom_(進(jìn)入)the teachers office without permission and the teacher was angry with him.2.They_(到達(dá))Shanghai three days ago and stayed in an expensive hotel.3.If you do know the answer, please_(舉起) your hand.entered/went intoreached/arrived inraise/put up4.After the fire,

3、nothing_(剩下) of the house.5.Mary went into the restaurant, _(坐) herself in the corner and began to look at the menu.注意事項(xiàng)：1.有些動(dòng)詞（如study, speak, live等）既可以用作及物動(dòng)詞，又可以用作不及物動(dòng)詞。(1)She studied English at college and she studied particularly hard.(2)He speaks English very fluently and he often speaks to fore

4、igners.(3)I live in a most beautiful city and I live a very happy life.remained/was leftseated2.短暫性動(dòng)詞不和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。(1)The Smiths have left here for five days. ( ) The Smiths have been away from here for 5 days. ( )(2)I have joined the army for three years. ( ) I have been in the army for three years

5、. ( )單句改錯(cuò)：(1)We have bought this color TV for quite a few years.(2)Jane and Tom have married for half a year.(3)He and his former girl friend have separated from each other since 2017.(4)We have become friends since we met in New York._ kept been been_ been(5)Her parents have been died for almost 3

6、years.(6)The baby has fallen asleep for at least 3 hours.(7)Johns mother has fallen ill for weeks.(8)How long have you come here?3.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不和短暫具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但其進(jìn)行時(shí)則可以。(1)I_(等) for you at 8 oclock last night.(2)You said you_(呆) at the hotel room at midnight last night, right?4.短暫性動(dòng)詞的肯定形式不能和時(shí)間段名詞一起用于完成時(shí)，但其否定形

7、式則可以。_ dead_ been_ been_ beenwas waitingwere waiting(1)I have heard from you for a long time. ( ) I havent heard from you for a long time. ( ) It is a long time since I heard from you. ( )(2)Such things have happened for many years. ( ) Such things have never happened for many years.( ) It is many y

8、ears since such things happened.( )（二）連系動(dòng)詞 不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有： *表示狀態(tài)存在的：be(是，成為), seem(仿佛),appear (顯得),look(看起來(lái)),feel(摸起來(lái)),smell(聞起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái)),sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)),keep(保持),stay/remain(依然),prove(證明) *表示狀態(tài)變化的：get, grow, go, turn, become, fall等，他們常譯為“變得”。(1)His wife has_(變成) senior officer while he

9、 _(依然) a junior clerk.(2)His idea_ _/_ _ _ (證明是正確的).(3)His excuse_ _(聽(tīng)起來(lái)有道理).(4)Our country_ _ _ _ _ _ (變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大) day by day.注意事項(xiàng)：1.連系動(dòng)詞之后一般跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)（少數(shù)的還可以跟名詞、小品副詞、介詞詞組、不定式做作表語(yǔ)）。2.系動(dòng)詞一律不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3.表示狀態(tài)變化的連系動(dòng)詞可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示狀態(tài)存在的系動(dòng)詞不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)。4.turn之后接名詞作表語(yǔ)，一般不和冠詞連用。turnedremainsproves correctproves to besounds rea

10、sonableis becoming more and more powerful（三）助動(dòng)詞 不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，在句中只是幫助構(gòu)成一定的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣或者否定、疑問(wèn)。常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞有：am/is/ are/was/were; do/does/did; will/would; have/has/had等。1. -_you like listening to country music? -Yes, I_. 2._she enjoy watching TV?3._ you go to the football match last week?4.I_ not really fond of Engl

11、ish.5.She_ in ill health these few days.6. -What_ you doing this time yesterday? -I_ playing computer games7.I_ visit the Great Wall the following week. _ you like to go with me?DodoDoesDidamiswerewaswillWould8.This book_ _ translated into 20 languages already.9.She_ _ sleeping the whole morning.10.

12、The plane_ already taken off when we got to the airport.（四）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。他們既不表示動(dòng)作也不表示狀態(tài)，只表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣和態(tài)度。常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can/could(能), may/might (也許), must(必須), shall/should/ought to(應(yīng)該), will/ would(愿意), need(需要), dare(敢)等。注意事項(xiàng)：1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后直接加動(dòng)詞原形，其否定形式直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后加not，構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句直接把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首。has beenhas bee

13、nhad2.must沒(méi)有其他時(shí)態(tài)的變化，無(wú)論什么時(shí)態(tài)均用must。(1)The waste and pollution_(可能造成) great harm to our health.(2)Everyone_(必須遵守) the regulations, or he/she will be punished.(3)We_(不應(yīng)該)judge a person simply by his/her appearance.(4)Although asked many times, he_(不愿意) tell us the truth.(5)You_(不必) blame yourself so muc

14、h. It _(不能) be helped.(6)I_(不敢) tell my parents that I failed in the exam.may domust obeyoughtnt to/ shouldntwouldntneedntcantdarent（五）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是書(shū)面表達(dá)的主要考查內(nèi)容之一。動(dòng)詞共有12鐘常用時(shí)態(tài)（以do為例）：情況名稱基本表達(dá)式用法與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的行為；描述現(xiàn)狀、客觀真理現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are doing表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done表示說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完

15、成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has been doing表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一致持續(xù)進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在，還有可能進(jìn)行下去與過(guò)去有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)did表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一致持續(xù)進(jìn)行到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間，還有可能進(jìn)行下去與將來(lái)有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will doam/is/are going to doam/is/are about to doam/is/are to do 表示將

16、要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/would dowas/were going to dowas/were about to dowas/were to do 表示對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)說(shuō)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)shall/will be doing表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間將正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作將來(lái)完成時(shí)shall/will have done表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作注意事項(xiàng)：1.在時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句用了一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；如果主句用了過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，如：(1)I_(not leave) here

17、 until he_ (return).(2)Next time I_(do) as he _(say).(3)Even if it_(rain) tomorrow, the sports meeting _(take) place as planned.(4)I_(not go) out unless you_(agree).(5)They said they wouldnt go on a picnic if it_ (rain) the nest day.wont leavereturnswill dosaysrainswill takewont goagreerained2.以here

18、, there, now開(kāi)頭的倒裝句，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示眼下正發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：(1)Here_(come) the bus. Hurry up!(2)Look! There_(come) an old lady.(3)Listen! There_(go) the bell.(4)Now_(come) your turn.3.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間先后發(fā)生或連續(xù)發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作，句中動(dòng)詞一律用一般過(guò)去式（其標(biāo)志為句中有and連接的一系列謂語(yǔ)），如：(1)He rose from his seat, _(put) up his coat and left the room.(2)He entered t

19、he room, _(take) off his hat and sat escomesgoescomesputtook4.進(jìn)行時(shí)常用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。短暫性動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示“將來(lái)”。這類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)eave, go, come, begin, start, arrive, return, die等，如：(1)The boy_(die) fast but the doctor cant find a way out.(2)I_(come)! Wait a minute.(3)Our guests_(arrive). Wed better get ready.5.表示過(guò)去有過(guò)某種經(jīng)歷，這種經(jīng)歷不可

20、能為以后的行為所抹殺或否定，常用完成時(shí)。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有ever, never, once, twice, before等，如：(1)I_(be) to Chengdu only once.(2)This is the most moving film I_ (ever see).(3)I_(never see) such a beautiful painting before.is dyingam comingis arrivinghave beenhave ever seenhave never seen6.表示某人第幾次的經(jīng)歷要用完成時(shí)，如：(1)This is the first ti

21、me I_(come) to Guiyang.(2)Mary told me that was the third time she_ (meet) John.7.敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，在先敘述了后發(fā)生的事情后再反過(guò)來(lái)追敘或補(bǔ)敘更早以前發(fā)生的事情，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，如：(1)Mr. Smith died yesterday. He_(be) a good friend of mine.(2)I didnt know anything about the text, for I _(not study) my lessons.have comehad methad beenhadnt studied

22、8.定語(yǔ)從句中，如果敘述的全部是過(guò)去的事情，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，如：(1)He finally found the key he_(lose).(2)As soon as he went out, he hurried back to get the book he_(leave) in the office.9.在賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用任何需要的時(shí)態(tài)；但如果主句動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要根據(jù)情況使用與過(guò)去有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)（不受時(shí)間限制的客觀事實(shí)依然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)），如：(1)I wonder what she_(do) now.(2)Do you

23、know when and where she_(bear).(3)I wonder if they_(come) tomorrow.had losthad leftis doingwas bornwill come(4)He told me that his son_(watch) TV then.(5)He complained that he_(wait) for me for more than an hour.(6)He told me he_(come) to see me again the next year.(7)Scientists told us that the ear

24、th_(move) around the sun.10.表示“不曾知道、不曾想到、不曾意識(shí)到、原以為、曾擔(dān)心”等，要用動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式（切不可受漢語(yǔ)影響而采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)），如：(1)Oh, Peter, fancy meeting you here. I_ (not know) you_(be) here.was watchinghad waitedwould comemovesdidnt knowwere(2)Hi, Mary, you have come at last! I_(be) afraid that you_ (not come) until tomorrow.(3)Oh, ho

25、w nice of you to bring me a gift! I never_ (think) you _ (go) to bring me a gift.11.有些動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示“未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算或意圖”，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有think, hope, want, mean, plan, expect, wish等，如：(1)We_(hope) to be able to come to see you, but we couldnt manage.(2)They_(want) to help but couldnt get there in time.waswouldnt comethoughtwere goinghad hopedhad wanted(3)I_(think) that he had died at least 10 years before.(4)We_(plan) to go to Beijing for holiday but couldnt afford the time.12.進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, often, all the tim