江蘇高考教學(xué)英語(yǔ)

1、江蘇高考授課英語(yǔ)江蘇高考授課英語(yǔ)14/14江蘇高考授課英語(yǔ)2013年全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)試題(江蘇卷)第一部分：聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)地址。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Takephotos.B.Buyacamera.woman.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.AnoisynightB.Theirlifeintown.ofliving.3.Whereisthemannow?A

2、.Onhisway.B.Inarestaurant.home.4.WhatwillCeliado?A.Findaplayer.B.Watchagame.basketball.5.Whatdayisitwhentheconversationtakesplace?A.Saturday.B.Sunday.C.HelptheC.AplaceC.AtC.PlayC.Monday.第二節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)地址。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話

3、或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6至7兩個(gè)小題。6.WhatisSaragoingtodo?A.BuyJohnagiftB.InviteJohntoFrancesurprise7.WhatdoesthemanthinkofSarasplan?A.Funny.B.Exciting.聽(tīng)下面一段圣誕，回答第8和第9兩個(gè)小題C.GiveJohnaC.Strange.WhydoesDianasaysorrytoPeter?Shehastogiveuphertravelplan.Shewantstovisitanothercity.Sheneedstoputoffhertest.WhatdoesDia

4、nawantPetertodo?Helpherwithherstudy.Takeabooktoherfriend.C.Teachageographylesson.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第10至第12三個(gè)小題。Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A.Totellherabouthernewjob.ToaskaboutherjobprogramToplanameetingwithher.Whoneedsanewflat?A.Alex.B.Andrea.C.Miranda.12.Whereisthewomannow?A.InBaltimore.B.InNewYork.C.InAvon.

5、聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第13至16四個(gè)小題。WhatdoesJanconsidermostimportantwhenhejudgesarestaurant?Wheretherestaurantis.Whetherthepricesarelow.Howwellthefoodisprepared.WhendidJanbegintowriteforamagazine?AfterhecamebacktoSweden.BeforehewenttotheUnitedStates.Assoonashegothisfirstjobin1982.WhatmayJandotofindagoodrestaurant?

6、Talktopeopleinthestreet.Speaktotaxidrivers.Askhotelclerks.WhatdoweknowaboutJan?Hecooksforarestaurant.Hetravelsalotforhiswork.HeprefersAmericanfood.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至20四個(gè)小題。17.WhatdoweknowaboutthePlazaLeon?A.Itsanewbuilding.B.Itsasmalltown.C.Itsapublicplace.18.WhendoparentsandchildrenlikegoingtothePlazaL

7、eon?A.Saturdaynights.B.Sundayafternoon.C.FridaysandSaturdays.19.Whichstreetisknownforitsfoodshopsandmarkets?A.ViaDelMarStreet.B.FernandoStreet.C.HernandesStreet.WhydoesthespeakerlikeHoratioStreetbest?Ithasanoldstonesurface.Itisnamedafterawriter.Ithasafamousuniversity.第二部分:英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié):單項(xiàng)填空21.Generally,

8、studentsinnermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers_essentialtotheirdevelopment.A.isB.areC.wasD.were22.TheT-shirtIreceivedisnotthesameasisshownonline._?ButIpromiseyouwelllookintoitrightaway.A.WhosaysB.HowcomeC.WhatforD.Whyworry23.Thetownissobeautiful!Ijustloveit.Metoo.Thecharacterofthetowniswell_.

9、A.qualifiedB.preservedC.decoratedD.simplified24.LionelMessi,_therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear,isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.A.setB.settingC.tosetD.havingsetCouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?Sure,I_areportathome.A.willbewritingB.willhavewrittenC.havewrittenD.havebeenwriting26

10、.IamalwaysdelightedwhenIreceivedane-mailfromyou._thestA.OnaccountofB.InresponsetoC.InviewofD.Withregardto27.“Neverforasecond,”theboysays,“_thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”A.IdoubtedB.doIdoubtC.IhavedoubtedD.didIdoubt28.Intheglobaleconomy,anewdrugforcancer,_itisdiscovered,willcreatemanyeconomicpossi

11、bilitiesaroundtheworld.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whereverD.whichever29.Teamleadersmustensurethatallmembers_theirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes.A.getoverB.lookoverC.takeoverD.comeover30.IshouldnothavelaughedifI_youwereserious.A.thoughtB.wouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethought

12、31.Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeand_toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.A.reducingB.reducedC.beingreducedD.havingreduced32.ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,_heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when33.Withinspirationfromotherfoodcultures,Americanf

13、oodculturecantakea_forthebetter.A.shareB.chanceC.turnD.when34.Whataboutyourself-drivetripyesterday?Tiring!Theroadisbeingwidened,andwe_aroundride.A.hadB.haveC.wouldhaveD.havehadThankyoufortheflowers._.Ithoughttheymightcheeryouup.A.ThatsrightB.AllrightC.ImallrightD.Itsallright第二節(jié):完形填空Iusedtobelieveint

14、heAmericanDream,whichmeantajob,amortgage(按揭),creditcards,success.Iwanteditandworkedtowarditlikeeveryoneelse,allofus_36_chasingthesamething.Oneyear,throughaseriesofunhappyevents,itallfell_37_.Ifoundmyselfhomelessandalone.Ihadmytruckand$56.I_38_thecountrysideforsomeplaceIcouldrentforthe_39_possibleamo

15、unt.Icameuponashabbyhousefourmilesupawindingmountainroad_40_thePotomacRiverinWestVirginia.Itwas_41_,fullofbrokenglassandrubbish.Ifoundtheowner,rentedit,and_42_acornertocampin.Thelocalsknewnothingaboutme,_43_slowly,theystartedteachingmethe_44_ofbeinganeighbor.Theydroppedoffblankets,candles,andtools,a

16、ndbegan_45_aroundtochat.Theystartedtoteachmeabeliefina_46_AmericanDreamnottheoneofindividualachievementbutof_47_.WhatIhavebelievedin,allthosethingsIthoughtwere_48_foracivilizedlife,werenonexistentinthis49_onthemountain,mymostvaluablepossessionsweremy_50_withmyneighbors.Fouryearslater,Imovedbackinto_

17、51_.Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime,_52_theirjobsandhomes.Imanagedtorentabigenoughhouseto_53_ahandfulofpeople.Therearefourofusnowinthehouse,butovertimeIvehadninepeoplecomeinandmoveontootherplaces.Wedallbein_54_ifwehadntbandedtogether.TheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone.Itsnotsomuchabou

18、twhatIcangetformyself;itsabout_55_wecanallgetbytogether.36.A.separatelyB.equallyC.violentlyD.naturally37.A.offB.apartC.overD.out38.A.crossedB.leftC.touredD.searched39.A.fullestB.largestC.fairestD.cheapest40.A.atB.throughC.overD.round41.A.occupiedB.abandonedC.emptiedD.robbed42.A.turnedB.approachedC.c

19、learedD.cut43.A.butB.althoughC.otherwiseD.for44.A.benefitB.lessonC.natureD.art45.A.stickingB.lookingC.swingingD.turning46.A.wildB.realC.differentD.remote47.A.neighborlinessB.happinessC.friendlinessD.kindness48.A.uniqueB.expensiveC.rareD.necessary49.A.UpB.DownC.DeepD.Along50.A.cooperationB.relationsh

20、ipC.satisfactionD.appointments51.A.realityB.societyC.townD.life52.A.creatingB.losingC.quittingD.offering53.A.putinB.turninC.takeinD.getin54.A.yardsB.sheltersC.campsD.cottages55.A.whenB.whatC.whetherD.how第三部分:閱讀理解AGuestServicesFrontGateGuestServicescanhelpyouwithanythingfromfindingoutwhattimeyourfavo

21、riteshowstartstopurchasingtickets.TheGuestServiceslocationinsideFrontGatealsoservesasamessagecenter,lostchildrensareaandlostandfound.CanadasWonderlanddoesnotofferpersonalizedpublicpaging(傳呼).ATMsATMsarelocatedjustinsidetheParkbesideStroller,LockerandWheelchairRentalsattheFrontGate,aswellasKidZville(

22、besideGuestServices),SplashWorks(twolocations),andoutsideThunderRun.FirstAidIfyouneedmedicalassistance,tellanyparkemployeewhowillcallFood&DrinkOptionsShopsarelocatedthroughoutCanadasWonderland.PicnicbasketsandcoolersarewelcomeattheshelterlocatedoutsideWonderlandonthenorthsideofourFrontGate.Outsidefo

23、odanddrinksarenotallowedinthePark.BottledwatermaybebroughtintothePark.PetCareApetcarefacilityislocatedoutsideourFrontGateonthesouthsideforadailyfee.Waterandair-conditionedsheltersareprovided.Guestsareaskedtoprovidefoodandexercise.Stroller,LockerandWheelchairRentalsStroller,lockerandwheelchairrentals

24、areavailableinsidetheFirstAidandhavethemcometoyourParkattheFrontGate,besidelocation.ThrillsAreWonderland.SmokingPolicySmokingisnotpermittedwhileFailuretoobserveallParkrulesridingorstandinginlineforridescouldresultinbeingdrivenoutoforinanyofthechildrensareastheParkwithoutrefund.ortheWaterPark.Smoking

25、ispermittedindesignated(指定的)areasonly.56.TheleafletistoinformvisitorsoftheParks_.A.advancedmanagementB.thrillperformancesC.entertainmentfacilitiesD.thoughtfulservices57.AvisitortotheParkcan_.A.rentastrolleroutsideFrontGateB.askforfirstaidbyThunderRunC.smokeintheWaterParkD.leavehispetatKidZvilleBWeve

26、consideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:hiringlinestanders,buyingticketsfromscalpers(票商販),orpurchasingline-cuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue(waitingyourturn)withthemoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).Marketsandqueues

27、payingandwaitingaretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue,“Firstcome,firstserved,”haveanegalitarian(同樣主義的)appeal.Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgove

28、rnalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong,simplybecauseitsthefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities,properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear,p

29、layedoverandover,asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:“Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived.”Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue.Itsasifthecompanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness.Butdonttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously.Today,somepeoplescallsareansweredfasterthanothers.Callce

30、ntertechnologyenablescompaniesto“score”incomingcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichplaces.Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping.Ofcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketstorepl

31、acequeues,andothernon-marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumpingschemesweveconsideredatairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctorsoffices,andnationalparksarerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisa

32、ppearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlyplacesthatmarketshaveentered.58.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple“Firstcome,firstserved”?A.Takingbuses.B.Buyinghouses.C.Flyingwithanairline.D.Visitingamusementparks.Theexampleoftherecorded

33、messageinParagraphs4and5illustrates_.A.thenecessityofpatienceinqueuingB.theadvantageofmoderntechnologyC.theuncertaintyofallocationprincipleD.thefairnessoftelephonicservicesThepassageismeantto_.justifypayingforfasterservicesdiscussthemoralsofallocatingthingsanalyzethereasonforstandinginlinecriticizet

34、hebehaviorofqueuejumpingCIfadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles(氣泡)accumulateinajoint,issharppainandabentbodythusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.Oth

35、erair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression(減壓)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlywea

36、kensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil(化石)bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyos

37、aursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworldsnatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,refl

38、ectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(標(biāo)本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans

39、,theyclearlydidsoquicklyand,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator(捕食動(dòng)物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanab

40、undanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(獵物)aswellaspredatorandoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.Whichofthefo

41、llowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?Atwistedbody.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.Adropinbloodpressure.62.ThepurposeofRothschildsstudyistosee_.A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsB.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionC.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodiesD.whenichthyosaursbrok

42、etheirbones63.RothschildsfindingstatedinParagraph4_.A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocessC.disagreedwithhisassumptionD.changedhisresearchobjectivesRothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs_.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeansgraduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsdiedoutbeca

43、useoflargesharksandcrocodilesevolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostitDMarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise:themanwhopopularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism.Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsb

44、eforetheCivilWar.H.B.StowesUncleTomsCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminorexceptions,Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.Againandagain,

45、inthepostwaryears,Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace.Considerthemostcontroversial,atleasttoday,ofTwainsnovels,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.OnlyafewbookshavebeenkickedofftheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFinn,Twainsmostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrude.Twa

46、inhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel“trashandsuitableonlyfortheslums(窮人窟).”MorerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacterJim,theescapedslave,andmanyoccurrencesofthewordnigger.(ThetermNiggerJim,forwhichthenovelisoftenseverelycriticized,neverappearsinit.)Buttheattackswere

47、andaresillyandmissthepoint.Thenovelisstronglyanti-slavery.Jimssearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedisheroic.AsJ.Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfictionarecognitionthattheslavehadtwopersonalities,“thevoiceofsurvivalwithinawhiteslavecultureand

48、thevoiceoftheindividual:Jim,thefatherandtheman.”P(pán)uddnheadWilsonThereismuchmore.Twainsmysterynovelstoodasachallengetotheracialbeliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisday.WrittenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheldNegroestobeinferior(低等的)towhites,especiallyinintelligence,Twainstalecenteredinpartaroundtwobabies

49、switchedatbirth.Aslavegavebirthtohermastersbabyand,forfearthatthechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimforthemastersbabybyhiswife.Theslaveslight-skinnedchildwastakentobewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheeducationoftheslave-holdingclass.Themasterswifesbabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththeattitudesan

50、dintonationsoftheslave.Thepointwasdifficulttomiss:nurture(養(yǎng)育),notnature,wasthekeytosocialstatus.Thefeaturesoftheblackmanthatprovidedthestuffofprejudicemannerofspeech,forexamplewere,toTwain,indicativeofnothingotherthantheconditioningthatslaveryforcedonitsvictims.Twainsracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneislef

51、tuneasy,forexample,bythelengthypassageinhisautobiography(自傳)abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows”inhisyouthmostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-faceandhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.Hisfrequentattacksonslaveryandprejud

52、icesuggesthiskeenawarenessthattheydidnot.21stWasTwainaracist?AskingthequestioninthecenturyisaswiseasaskingthesameofLincoln.Ifwereadthewordsandattitudesofthepastthroughthe“wisdom”oftheconsideredmoraljudgmentsofthepresent,wewillfindnothingbuterror.Lincoln,whobelievedtheblackmantheinferiorofthewhite,fo

53、ughtandwonawartofreehim.AndTwain,raisedinaslavestate,brieflyasoldier,andinventorofJim,mayhavedonemoretoangerthenationoverracialinjusticeandawakenitscollectiveconsciencethananyothernovelistinthepastcentury.65.HowdoTwainsnovelsonslaverydifferfromStowes?A.Twainwasmorewillingtodealwithracism.B.Twainsatt

54、ackonracismwasmuchlessopen.C.Twainsthemesseemedtoagreewithplots.D.Twainwasopenlyconcernedwithracism.66.RecentcriticismofAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnarosepartlyfromits_.A.targetreadersatthebottomB.anti-slaveryattitudeC.ratherimpolitelanguageD.frequentuseof“nigger”67.WhatbestprovesTwainsanti-slaverysta

55、ndaccordingtotheauthor?Thestoryoftwobabiesswitchedmainlyindicatesthat_.A.slaveswereforcedtogiveuptheirbabiestotheirmastersB.slavesbabiescouldpickupslave-holderswayofspeakingC.blackssocialpositionwasshapedbyhowtheywerebroughtupD.blackswerebornwithcertainfeaturesofprejudice69.Whatdoestheunderlinedword

56、“they”inParagraph7referto?A.Theattacks.B.Slaveryandprejudice.C.Whitemen.D.Theshows.70.Whatdoestheauthormainlyarguefor?A.Twainhaddonemorethanhiscontemporarywriterstoattackracism.B.TwainwasanadmirablefigurecomparabletoAbrahamLincoln.C.Twainsworkshadbeenbannedonunreasonablegrounds.D.Twainsworksshouldbe

57、readfromahistoricalpointofview.第四部分:任務(wù)型閱讀QuietVirtue:TheConscientiousTheeverydaysignsofconscientiousness(認(rèn)真盡責(zé))beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,self-disciplined,andscrupulous(謹(jǐn)言慎行的)inattendingtoresponsibilitiesaretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningasthe

58、yshould.Theyfollowtherules,helpout,andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.Itstheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence,whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves,whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperform

59、ance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilledlabortosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization:thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect,thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.Amongsalesrepres

60、entativesforalargeAmericancarmanufactures,thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer(緩沖)againstthethreatofjoblossintodaysconstantlychangingmarket,becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives,theirlevelofconscientiousn