Unit 9 How to Grow Old市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、新世紀(jì)高等院校英語專業(yè)本科系列教材（修訂版）綜合教程第六冊(第2版) 電子教案上海外語教育出版社南京信息工程大學(xué) 劉杰海Unit 9 How To Grow Oldcover第1頁Contents pageContents Learning Objectives Pre-reading Activities Global Reading Detailed Reading Consolidation Activities Further Enhancement第2頁ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesRhetorical skill: metaphorKey languag

2、e & grammar pointsWriting strategies: metaphor for the theme of the essayTheme: how to keep young and face death第3頁P(yáng)re-R: picture activationDo you find “growing old” a terrifying process? Why or why not? Picture Activation | Pre-questions第4頁P(yáng)re-R: Pre-questions-11. An aging population has become a s

3、erious problem in China, especially in big cities like Shanghai. After decades of hard work, old people deserve to live a happy life in their twilight years. Do you think old people in China are taken good care of? What do your grandparents usually do every day? Do they enjoy their life?Picture Acti

4、vation | Pre-questionsOpen for discussion.第5頁P(yáng)re-R: Pre-questions-22. With the improvement of living standards and medical services, now people have a longer life expectancy than before. In this connection, some people propose that our retirement age should be postponed. Do you agree with this idea?

5、Picture Activation | Pre-questionsOpen for discussion.第6頁GR: Text introThis is one of the essays in Bertrand Russells Portraits from Memory, which was published in 1956. As is indicated in the title, the essay deals with the issue of aging. In a light and humorous style, the author turns this social

6、 issue into a personal discussion on two topics: How to keep oneself psychologically young and how to perceive death in ones old age.Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | Structure第7頁GR: CN- Gibbon Gibbon (Paragraph 1) Edward Gibbon (17371794), English historian. He wrote The History of the D

7、ecline and Fall of the Roman Empire (17761788).Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | Structure第8頁GR: CN- Girton College Girton College (Paragraph 1) The first residential college for women of Cambridge University, it was established in 1869. It is about two and a half miles northwest of the c

8、enter of Cambridge next to the village of Girton. It became mixed in 1977 with the arrival of the first male Fellows and male undergraduates have been admitted since 1979.Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | Structure第9頁GR: Author Bio-1Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) was a British philosopher a

9、nd mathematician who combined scholarship with literary skill and had a rare talent for popularization both in writing and as a broadcaster. On politics and education he held unorthodox opinions. In 1918 he was galled for pacifism. Undeterred by age, he was active in nuclear disarmament demonstratio

10、ns, which led to another spell in prison.Text Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | Structure第10頁GR: Author Bio-2He left Cambridge in the summer of 1894In the autumn of 1920 he went to China to lecture on philosophy at the Peking university. analyzing the strength and weaknesses of that ancient ci

11、vilization attempting to industrialize, and warned of the dangers of imperial powers interfering in China affairs.In 1950, Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought.Text In

12、troduction | Culture Notes | Author | Structure第11頁GR: structureText Introduction | Culture Notes | Author | StructurePart 1(Para 1) description of the healthy life style of authors ancestors, which reflects his attitude towards lifePart 2(Paras 3-4) two things elderly people should avoid, namely li

13、ving in memories and clinging to youthPart 3(Paras 5-6) importance of developing impersonal interests, and a correct attitude towards death in old age第12頁DR-p1-1-textHOW TO GROW OLD Bertrand A. Russell1.In spite of the title, this article will really be on how not to grow old, which, at my time of l

14、ife, is a much more important subject. My first advice would be, to choose your ancestors carefully. Although both my parents died young, I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors. My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower of his youth at the age of sixty-se

15、ven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty. Detailed Reading第13頁DR-p1-2-textOf remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off. A great-grandmother of mine, who was a friend o

16、f Gibbon, lived to the age of ninety-two, and to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants. My maternal grandmother, after having nine children who survived, one who died in infancy, and many miscarriages, as soon as she became a widow devoted herself to womens higher education. She was

17、one of the founders of Girton College, and worked hard at opening the medical profession to women.Detailed Reading第14頁DR-p1-3-textShe used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad. She inquired the cause of his melancholy and he said that he had just parted from h

18、is two grandchildren. “Good gracious,” she exclaimed, “I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!” “Madre snaturale,” he replied. But speaking as one of the seventy-two, I prefer her recipe. After the age of eighty she f

19、ound she had some difficulty in getting to sleep, so she habitually spent the hours from midnight to 3 a.m. in reading popular science. Detailed Reading第15頁DR-p1-4-textI do not believe that she ever had time to notice that she was growing old. This, I think, is the proper recipe for remaining young.

20、 If you have wide and keen interests and activities in which you can still be effective, you will have no reason to think about the merely statistical fact of the number of years you have already lived, still less of the probable brevity of your future.Detailed Reading第16頁DR-p2-text2.As regards heal

21、th, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.Detailed Reading第

22、17頁DR-p3-text3.Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to th

23、ings about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; ones own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and ones mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it w

24、ill probably not be true.Detailed Reading第18頁DR-p4-text4.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were y

25、oung, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but ones interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as the

26、ir young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.Detailed Reading第19頁DR-p5-1-text5.I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long exp

27、erience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. But if you

28、are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren.Detailed Reading第20頁DR-p5-2-textIn that case you must realise that while you can still render them material services, such as giving

29、them an allowance or knitting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.Detailed Reading第21頁DR-p6-1-text6.Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed i

30、n battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to ove

31、rcome it so at least it seems to me is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. Detailed Reading第22頁DR-p6-2-textAn individual human existence should be like a river small

32、 at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual bei

33、ng. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will not be unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that o

34、thers will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.Detailed Reading第23頁DR:p1 AnalysisParagraph 1 AnalysisIn this paragraph the author begins the essay with a humorous answer to the question “how not to grow old” “to choose your ancestors care

35、fully.” Then he tells us some anecdotes about one of his ancestors his maternal grandmother, who enjoyed a long life partly because she had a healthy attitude towards life. Detailed Reading第24頁DR:p2 AnalysisParagraph 2 AnalysisIn this paragraph the author gives us a very brief description of his hea

36、lthy lifestyle, which reflects his attitude towards life. Detailed Reading第25頁DR:p3-4 AnalysisParagraphs 3-4 AnalysisAfter talking about his ancestors longevity and his own healthy lifestyle, the author directs his discussion to the two things elderly people should avoid, namely living in memories a

37、nd clinging to youth, which are interrelated, because undue absorption in the past would inevitably lead to clinging to youth.Detailed Reading第26頁DR:p5 AnalysisParagraph 5 AnalysisIn this paragraph the author stresses the importance of developing impersonal interests. With such interests one will ha

38、ve a fulfilling old age without making his grown-up children feel oppressed. Otherwise, he will either feel empty or unduly concern himself with his children. Detailed Reading第27頁DR:p6 AnalysisParagraph 6 AnalysisThe last paragraph expounds on a correct attitude towards death in old age. According t

39、o the author, death should not be an oppressive problem for “an old man who has known human joys and sorrows.” He compares ones life to a river that will eventually be merged with the sea. This metaphor suggests that death is inevitable and, more important, it is part of “the universal life.”Detaile

40、d Reading第28頁DR-Question-p1-1Detailed ReadingParagraph 1 Questions1. What does the author mean when he says that “But speaking as one of the seventy-two, I prefer her recipe”?The author means that as one of her seventy-two grandchildren, he prefers the way she chose to deal with being separated from

41、 her family for periods of time. 第29頁DR-Question-p1-2Paragraph 1 Questions2. How, according to the author, can one be relieved from the worry of aging?Detailed ReadingAccording to the author, if you have wide and keen interests and you participate in activities which you are still capable of, just a

42、s his maternal grand-mother did, you will have no time to notice that you are growing old and thus you will have no reason to worry about your old age and the probable brevity of your future.第30頁DR-Question-p3-1Paragraph 3 Questions1. How could one get out of undue absorption in the past? Detailed R

43、eadingTo get oneself out of undue absorption in the past, one must direct ones thought to the future and to the things about which there is something to be done. 第31頁DR-Question-p3-2Detailed ReadingParagraph 3 Questions2. How, according to the author, should an elderly person show his concern for hi

44、s children? According to the author, an elderly person should avoid showing too much interest in his children when they are grown up and want to live their own lives. He should be thoughtful and be ready to give them help only when they need it. 第32頁DR-Question-p4Paragraph 4 QuestionHow, according t

45、o the author, should an elderly person show his concern for his children? Detailed ReadingAccording to the author, an elderly person should avoid showing too much interest in his children when they are grown up and want to live their own lives. He should be thoughtful and be ready to give them help

46、only when they need it. 第33頁DR-Question-p5Paragraph 5 QuestionWhat, according to the author, should “those who are incapable of impersonal interests” realize?Detailed ReadingAccording to the author, those who are incapable of impersonal interests should realize that their undue interest in their chi

47、ldren is unwelcome, though their “material services” are still appreciated. 第34頁DR-Question-p6Paragraph 6 QuestionWhat is the best way for an old person to overcome the fear of death? Detailed ReadingFirst of all, he should realise that death is inevitable. The best way to overcome the fear of death

48、 is to develop strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities, so that he will painlessly lose his individual being (i.e. his ego) and his life will become merged in the universal life. 第35頁LPT- Although both my mother and my fatherDetailed Reading“Although both my parents died young,

49、I have done well in this respect as regards my other ancestors.”Paraphrase Although both my mother and my father died when they were still young, my other ancestors lived long lives. Here the author means that genetically he did quite well. 第36頁LPT- respectDetailed Readingrespect n.an aspect of some

50、thinge.g.In most respects, the new film is better than the original.The house is in a fairly good condition and, in this respect, contrasts with the rest of the street which is in a state of disrepair.第37頁LPT- regardDetailed Readingas regardused for introducing a subject that you will be discussinge

51、.g.Are you optimistic or pessimistic as regards the future? This is especially true as regards women, given that, of the worlds one billion poorest people, three-fifths are women and girls.第38頁LPT- My maternal grandmotherDetailed Reading“My maternal grandfather, it is true, was cut off in the flower

52、 of his youth at the age of sixty-seven, but my other three grandparents all lived to be over eighty.” Paraphrase Although both my mother and my father died when they were still young, my other ancestors lived long lives. Here the author means that genetically he did quite well. 第39頁LPT- cut offDeta

53、iled Readingcut offto remove something by cutting ite.g.The aim was to cut off the enemys escape route.Im glad the bartender cut Tommy off hes already had too much to drink.When his wife died, he cut himself off from other people.March 31 is the cutoff date for applications to be accepted.第40頁LPT- O

54、f remoter ancestorsDetailed Reading“Of remoter ancestors I can only discover one who did not live to a great age, and he died of a disease which is now rare, namely, having his head cut off.” Paraphrase Among all my remoter ancestors, I only find one who died young. He was beheaded, which is rare no

55、wadays. 第41頁LPT- namelyDetailed Readingnamely adv.used for introducing more detailed information about a subject that you are discussinge.g.We need to get more teachers into the classrooms where theyre most needed, namely in poor areas. The minister would only repeat the official government position

56、, namely that it can do nothing at the moment.第42頁LPT to her last day remained a terror to all her“to her last day remained a terror to all her descendants”Paraphrase kept a stern and fearful control over all her descendants until her deathDetailed Reading第43頁LPT- She used to relate how she metDetai

57、led Reading“She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who was looking very sad.” Paraphrase She often told me how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who looked very sad.第44頁LPT- relateDetailed Readingrelate vt.to tell someone about something that has happened or what someone ha

58、s saide.g.She related the events of the past week to the police.He relates how at the age of 23 he was interned in the prison camp. 第45頁LPT- She inquired the cause of his melancholyDetailed Reading“She inquired the cause of his melancholy and he said that he had just parted from his two grandchildre

59、n.”Paraphrase She asked him why he was so sad and he told her that he had just lost the company of his two grandchildren. 第46頁LPT- melancholyDetailed Readingmelancholy n. (melancholic adj.)a feeling of sadness and of being without hopee.g.a melancholy piece of musicmelancholy autumn daysa melancholi

60、c expressionmelancholic songs第47頁LPT- I have seventy-two grandchildrenDetailed Reading“I have seventy-two grandchildren, and if I were sad each time I parted from one of them, I should have a dismal existence!”Paraphrase I have altogether seventy-two grandchildren. So if I felt sad whenever I ended