非謂語動詞學(xué)案+問題詳解

1、實用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔大全語法復(fù)習(xí)專題七一一非謂語動詞非謂語動詞的分類asn.asadj.oradv.不定式（todo）動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞v-ed過去分詞非謂語動詞的語法功能及時態(tài)、語態(tài)1句法功能種類在句中的作用不定式todo主語賓語表語定語狀語補語動名詞doing主語賓語表語定語分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doing表語定語狀語補語過去分詞done2、時態(tài)、語態(tài)形式類別態(tài)式M形時態(tài)概念主動式被動式odo一般式謂語動作之后todotobedone元成式謂語動作之前tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式與謂語動作同時發(fā)生tobedoingXdoing一般式與謂語動作幾乎同時doingbeingdone元成式謂

2、語動作之前havingdonehavingbeendonedone發(fā)生了、完成了done三、非謂語動詞的使用條件一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時，這些動詞就充當(dāng)了非謂語動詞。Ex.1:找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞（含短語）Tomreturnedfromthemanagersoffice,tellingmethattheWosSedtoseemeatonce.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.Iheardthegirlsinginginthecl

3、assroom.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.Toliveistostruggle.（生活就是斗爭。）四、非謂語動詞的用法非謂語三種基本形式表達的意義?Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wefindtheparkisbeautiful.主動，進行?Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom性質(zhì)?Foundedin1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUS.被動,完成?Weseefallenleavesontheground完成?Dressedinred,sh

4、elooksmorebeautiful.狀態(tài)?WeareinvitedtoapartytobeheldnextFriday.將來?Weplantmanytreestomakeourcitygreen.目的表達意義：動詞-ing:主動，進行，性質(zhì)；動詞-ed:被動，完成，狀態(tài)；todo：將來,目的。1、v-ing作非謂語動詞（1）作主語Eg:Seeingisbelieving.Sendinge-mailisincreasinglypopular.Ex.2:請用v-ing作主語，把以下句子翻譯成英文。1）說太多會給你帶來麻煩。2）散步對老年人和年輕人來說都是一種好的運動形式。（2）作賓語Eg:Ic

5、ouldnt（hylipigwhenIheardthebadnews.mind,suggest,delay,keepon,lookforwardto,enjoy,appreciate,imagine,practice,finish,succeedin,consider,can等動ep用mvsng作賓語。在表示需要”的need,want和require等后用v-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義，也可用不定式的被動式。Eg:Thiscarneedsrepairing.Or:Thiscarneedstoberepaired.Ex.3:請把以下句子翻譯成英文。1）你介意獨處嗎？文檔大全2）他沒有馬上把

6、消息告訴她。3）這種食物要煮過才能吃。（3）作表語Eg:Thestoryissomoving.Thebookisveryinteresting.Ex.4:請把以下句子翻譯成英文。1）這個問題真的很令人困惑。2）他的話很讓人失望。（4）作定語Eg:Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Thekiteflyingintheskywasmadebyhim.位置：1）單個的動詞的-ing形式做定語，常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語。女口：aflyingobject2）動詞的-ing形式的短語做定語，常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語。如anobjectflyingintheair如果-ing形式與被修

7、飾詞是被動關(guān)系，就用它的被動式，即beingdone,通常表示正在被做，常做后置定語。女口：thetallbuildingbeingbuiltnow正在被建的高樓Ex.5:請用v-ing作定語，把以下句子翻譯成英文。1）這片正被破壞的森林曾經(jīng)是很迷人的。2）在一中學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生數(shù)量大約為8000人。3）這是一部讓人感動的電影。（5）v-ing作狀語1）v-ing短語在句子中作狀語，可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、方式或伴隨動作等。表時間Eg:Turningaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomechildrenp

8、layingfootball.（When）hearingthenewshecouldnthelplaughing.表原因Eg:Beingpoor,hecouldntgotoschool.Seeingnobodyathome,heleftthemanote.Notknowinghistelephonenumbe,Icouldntgetintouchwithhim.表方式或伴隨Eg:Shestood,waitingforabus.Hesatthere,readingabook.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.表結(jié)果Eg:Thec

9、hildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.Herhusbanddied,leavingherfourchildren.Theyfired,killingmanypeopleinthestreet.表條件Eg:Usingyourhead,youllfindagoodway.Workinghard,youllsurelysucceed.當(dāng)v-ing形式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前時，應(yīng)使用完成式：havingdoneEg:Havingfinishedhishomework,herushedouttoplaybasketball.Ex.6:

10、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(notknow)muchFrench,theycouldnmakethemselvesunderstoodwhentheywereinParis.(finish)allwork,theywenthome.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,(say)nothingabouttheargument.(gather)aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.(look)atmyclassmatesfaces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.Itrainedhea

11、vilyinthesouth,(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.(6)v-ing作賓補have,leave,keep,see,watch,hear,find,notice,feel,catcl等動詞及with介詞后可用v-ing形式作賓補。Eg:CanyouhearagirlsinginganEnglishsonginthenextroomnow?Withhismotherhelpinghim,heisgettingonwellwithhiswork.2、v-ed作非謂語動詞作表語Eg:Weweresoborecthatwecouldnthelp

12、yawning.Shefeltconfused,andevenfrightened.Ex.7:用括號內(nèi)的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Im(satisfy)withyouranswer.Heisnot(interest)inresearch.作定語Eg:Shehasapleasedlookonherface.Theteachergaveusasatisfiedsmile.cookedfood熟食；成品awrittenreport書面報告；報告書friedeggs煎雞蛋；炒蛋boiledwater開水；白開水frozenfood速凍食品armedforces武裝部隊；武裝力量文檔大全實用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔大全

13、文檔大全requiredcourses必修課fallenleaves落葉finishedproducts成品aforcedsmile苦笑Ex.&用括號內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。WhatstheIanguage(speak)inthatcountry?Theyreprobl(leave)overbyhistory.Theplay(puton)bytheteacherswasabigsuccess.Isthereanybody(injury)?(3)作狀語Eg:Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.Theycamein,followedbysomechildre

14、n.Ex.9:用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(give)goodhealth,Ihopetofinishtheworkthisyear.(depress),hewenttoseehiseldersister.When(treat)withkindness,hewasveryamiable.作賓補在感官動詞后面做賓補常用的感官動詞包括：see,notice,watch,hear,listento,feel,fine等。Eg:Icansmellsomethingburnt.在使役動詞后面做賓補常用的使役動詞有：have,get,make,leave等。Eg:Shehadhereyesexamine

15、dyesterday.在with/without結(jié)構(gòu)中Eg：Withsomuchworkunfinished,Icantleavenow.在某些動詞之后，相當(dāng)于省略了tobe。常見的動詞有：want,wouldlike,prefer等。Eg:Themanagerwantedthework(tobe)finishedby3:00Ex.10:用括號里單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Iwillhavetheclothes(wash)tomorrow.Whentheygetbackhome,theyfoundtheroom(rob).Hewouldlikethewater(boil)beforedrinking.

16、Isawaboy(knock)downbyacarjustnow.Heshoutedtomakehimself(hear).Withoutenoughmoney(leave),hecantgoonwithhisexperiment.3、todo作非謂語動詞(1)不定式作補語動詞+賓語+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)adviseallowcausechallengecommandcompeldriveenableencourageforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinvitelike/loveorderpermitmakelethavewantgetwarnpersuaderequest

17、sendtelltrainurgeEg:Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Theofficerorderedhismentofire.注意：有些動詞如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做賓補，也可用分詞作賓補。現(xiàn)在分詞表達主動，也表達正在進行，過去分詞表達被動。不定式作主語不定式作主語，往往用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式放至句子的后面。Eg:Itssonicetohearyourvoice.Itsnecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.Itseemedselfishofhimnott

18、ogivethemanything.Itsforsb.和Itsofsb.這樣的句子中，由于表語形容詞性質(zhì)的不同，導(dǎo)致了不定式邏輯主語標(biāo)志用for或of的區(qū)別。forsb.句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等。Eg:ItsveryhardforhimtostudytwoIanguages.ofsb句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格、品德、心智能力、主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，女口good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,rightoEg:Itsveryniceofyoutoh

19、elpme.你來幫助我，你真是太好了。不定式作表語不定式可放在be動詞后面，形成表語。Eg:Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.不定式作定語不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后，往往表示未發(fā)生的動作。Eg:Ihavealotofworktodo.Therewasnothingtobringhomethatmorning.不定式作狀語目的狀語常用結(jié)構(gòu)為todo,onlytodo(僅僅為了),inordertodo,soastodo,so(such)asto(如此以便)。Eg:Heransofastastocatchthefirs

20、tbus.Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.作結(jié)果狀語，可以表示沒有預(yù)料到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式要放在句子后面。Eg:Iawoketofindmytruckgone.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.表原因Eg:rmgladtoseeyou.Shewepttoseethesight.表示理由和條件Eg:Hemustbeafooltosayso.Youwilldowelltospeakmorecarefully.省去to的動詞不定式情態(tài)動詞(除ought外)后。使役動詞let,have,make后，感官動詞see,watch,

21、lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后。注意：被動語態(tài)中不能省去to。Isawhimdance.=Hewasseenjpdance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadejoworkthewholenight.wouldrather,hadbetter句型后Whydontyou./Whynot.句型后Whynottryoncemore?何不再試一下？help后可帶to，也可不帶to,女口：helpsb(to)dosth.but和except后。but前是實義動詞do時，后面

22、出現(xiàn)的不定式不帶to。比較：Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.由and,or和than連接的兩個不定式，第二個to可以省去。通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think等詞后作賓補時，可以省去tobe。Eg:Heissupposed(tobe)nice.不定式的特殊句型toototooto太以至于Eg:Heistooexcitedtospeak.不定式的特殊句型soasto否定式是soasnottodoEg:Getupearlysoastocatchthebus.

23、Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.五、v-ing和v-ed的區(qū)別從時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個角度去區(qū)分時態(tài)語態(tài)v-ing進行時主動v-ed過去被動1、作定語adevelopedcountry/adevelopingcountryastudentplayingwithknifepeoplefightingagainstwarsasoldierwoundedbyknifearoadcoveredwithsnowv-ing表示動作正在進行或者是主動關(guān)系。v-ed表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的或者被動關(guān)系。2、作狀語Seeingfromthehill,youcange

24、tthewholetown.Hearingthegoodnews,wealljumpedupwithjoy.Seenfromthehill,thewholetownlooksbeautiful.Givenmoretime,wecouldfinishthejob.v-ing用作狀語時，和主句的主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系v-ed用作狀語時，和主句的主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。3、作賓補Theykeptmewaitingforalongtime.Hewatchedthecarscomingandgoing.Mr.Lihasmstandingoutsidethedoor.IhadmyMP3repairedlastweek

25、.WeheardthissongsunginEnglish.NomatterhowItry,Ijustcantnuakterataedfbytheforeigner.v-ing用作賓補時，和句子中的賓語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，說明賓語一直在做或正在做某v-ed用作賓補時，和句子中的賓語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，說明賓語的情況六、非謂語動詞的結(jié)題步驟(三大步驟)判斷用謂語/非謂語謂語：一般形式(根據(jù)一般的時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化)非謂語：doing/done/todo找出邏輯主語選擇非謂語動詞的形式(表達意義)：v-ing,v-ed,todoStep1是否使用非謂語Ex.11:先判斷一下句子是否有非謂語動詞，再用括號內(nèi)動詞的適

26、當(dāng)形式填空。(study)hard,youwillpassthefinalexam.Shegotoffthebusand(head)forhome.IthinkI(be)notstrictenoughwithyou.Look!Thegirl(sing)isAliceandtheonewho(danee)isMary.小結(jié)：一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在謂語動詞，沒有從句，又沒有連詞的情況，那就要非謂語動詞。Ex.12：用turn的正確形式填空。Ifyoutotheleft,youllfindthepostoffice.totheleft,andyoullfindthepostoffice.tothel

27、eft,youllfindthepostoffice.Step2找邏輯主語Ex.13:觀察以下句子，然后填空。Hesatatthedesk,writingaletter.Takengoodcareof,thetreeswillgrowupquickly.HesentmeanE-mail,hopingtogetfurtherinformation.以上的非謂語動詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞质?，它們的邏輯主語是Theschoolbuilt10yearsagoisXiyiMiddleschool.Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottomakesomuchnoise.Imcallin

28、gtoaskaboutthepositOdvertisedinChinaDaily.以上的非謂語動詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞质?，它們的邏輯主語是Ifoundthempaintingthewindows.Ifoundthewindowspainted.Withhisfriendhelpinghim，hefinishedhisworkquickly.以上的非謂語動詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞质?，它們的邏輯主語是Step3選擇非謂語動詞的形式Ex.14：用適當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語動詞形式填空。TheywenttoShanghai,withtheirson(leave)tohisgrandparents.Theyarebusy

29、,(prepare)fileswantedintheinterview.七、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（AbsoluteStructure）是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個句子。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞與其后的分詞等構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與主句不發(fā)生句法上的聯(lián)系，它的位置相當(dāng)靈活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗號將其與主句分開。需特別注意的是，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能和用法（1）名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞Eg:Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.Theboyleadingtheway,weh

30、adnotroublefindingthestrangecave.（2）名詞/代詞+過去分詞Eg:Thisdone,wewenthome.Homeworkfinished,theboywentouttoplay.（3）名詞/代詞+不定式Eg:Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.Thetwoboyssaidgoodbyetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotohisfriend.s名詞/代詞+形容詞Eg:AnairaccidenthappenedtotheIane,nobodyaliv

31、e.Somanypeopleabsent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.名詞(代詞)+副詞Eg:Themeetingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom.Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.名詞/代詞+介詞短語Eg:Marywassittingnearthefire,herbacktowardsthedoor.小結(jié)：1)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。2)兩部分之間沒有連接詞連接。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。Ex.15:選擇合適的選項。Notfarfromth

32、eschooltherewasagarden,ownerseatedinitplayingchesswithhislittlegrandsoneveryafternoon.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.thatHewrotealotofnovels,manyoftranslatedintoforeignIanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.thatHewrotealotofnovels,manyofweretranslatedintoforeignIanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that非謂語動詞綜合練習(xí)一、語篇練習(xí)Mysister,P

33、aula,andherhusband,Chris,hadjustfinished1(tuck)theiryoungonesintobedoneeveningwhentheyheardcrying2(come)fromthechildrensroom.3(rush)in,theyfoundTommy4(cry)hysterically(斯底里地).Hehadaccidentallyswalloweda5ppieceandwassurehewasgoingtodie.Noamountof5(talk)couldchangehismind.Tryingtocalmhim,Chrispalmeda5p

34、cointhathehappenedtohaveinhispocketandpretended6(remove)itfromTommysear.Tommy,aturally,was7(delight).Inaflash,hesnatcheditfromhisfathershand,8itanddemandedcheerfully“Doitagain,Dad!二、寫作運用把普通的句子變成高級的非謂語。Heisstandingthereandheissinging.Heisstandingthere,.Maryfinishedherhomeworkandthenshewentouttoplay.,

35、Marywentouttoplay.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,.Imafraidofbeinglaughedat.IusuallykeepsilentwhenImeetforeigners.請用非謂語動詞的形式，把以上兩個句子合并為一個句子）三、請用以下動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Thesunwassettingwhenmycar(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.(2007年廣東)Whileshewas

36、gettingme(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.(2007年廣東)Shewishedthathewasaseasy(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.(2009年廣東)Hespititout,(say)itwasawful.(2010年廣東)Igotonthebusandfoundasea

37、tneartheback,andthenInoticedaman(sit)atthefront.(2011年廣東)Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,(wear)sunglasse(s.2012年廣東)Suddenly,he(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.(2013年廣東)Inthebeginning,therewasonlyaverysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimport

38、ant.(2013年廣東)(suffer)suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.Ireallyappreciate(have)timetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(knock)atthedoorbeforeentering,please.Sandycoulddonothingbut(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto(setup)someschoolsforpoorchi

39、ldren.(suffer)fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-uncompaniesarestriving(make)theirproductsmorecompetitive.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans(wait)foranotherhour.When(complete),themuseumwillbe

40、opentothepublicnextyear.Withalotofdifficultproblems(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.Havingatripabroadiscertainlyfortheoldcouple,butitremains(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.Pricesofdailygoods(buy)throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.Whydidyougobacktotheshop?Ileftmyfriend(wait)ther

41、e.wroedruecptsoorinquality,decidedtoThemanager,(know)hisfactorygivehisworkersfurthertraining.Mr.Smith,(tired)ofthe(bore)speech,startedtoreadanovel.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound(smoke)inthekitchen.Theteacheraskedus(notmake)somuchnoise.(give)time,heIImakeafirstasstennisplayer.Helookedaroundan

42、dcaughtaman(put)hishandintothepocketofapassenger.Imgoingtothepesrumarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything(buy)?ThepiIotaskedaIIthepassengersonboardtoremain(seat)asthepIanewasmakingaIanding.(face)withadifficuItsituation,ArnoIddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.ThestormIeft,(cause)aIotofdamagetothisarea.Whena

43、skedbythepoIice,hesaidthatheremembered(arrive)attheparty,butnot(Ieave).IcouIdntdomyhomeworkwithaIIthatnoi_se(goon).YoushouIdunderstandthetrafficruIebynow.Youvehadit(expIain)oftenenough.(put)intouseinApriI2000,thehotIinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsuppIybreakdowns.Withnorainforthreemo

44、nthsandfoodsuppIies(run)out,thesituationhereisgettingfrombadtoworse.Aremote-controlledbombexplodedoutsideahotelyesterday,(injure)atIeast12peopIe.WhatsthemattewrithTim?Oh.Timscellphonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,never(find)again.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork(finish),werefusedtheoffer.Themanopenedhiseyesandmovedhislips,asif(say)thathehadsomethingtotellthedoctor.Though(lack)naturalresources,theareaiswelldeveloped.Itissillyofme(put)alleggsinonebasket.ThatwastheworstmistakeIveevermade.Myjobwastowashbottles,whichwouldthenbefilledwithwine,or(put)thefilledbottlesinboxes.非