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1、必修1Unit4Earthquakes詞義搭配1burstAsavefromdangerorharmruinB.destruction(破壞);extreme(極大的)damage3shelterCtoputsomethingundertheground,ofteninordertohideitdisasterD.breaksopenorapartsuddenlyevenE.beingsafefrombadweather,danger,etc.rescueF.plantocatchsomeonetrapG.somethingverybadhappeningburyH.athingthathap

2、pens【答案】18DBEGHAFC短語(yǔ)填空rightaway,atanend,digout,asusual,asif,inruins,a(great)numberofTOC o 1-5 h zHedidntknowhowtocomebackhomebecausehismoneywasManybuildingsarebecauseofthebigflood.Hurryup!Itlooksitisgoingtorain.peoplearefondofmusic.Onhearingthegoodnews,heshareditwithhisparents.Hewasburiedbyanavalanc

3、he(雪崩)andhadto.【答案】1.atanend2.inruins3.asif4.A(great)numberof5.rightaway6.bedugout句型背誦Inthefarmyard,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.農(nóng)家大院里的雞,甚至豬都因過(guò)于惶恐而不想進(jìn)食。Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.似乎世界末日來(lái)臨了。Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭遇難,許多孩子變成了孤兒。Allh

4、opewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。1rightaway立刻;馬上Imagineyourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightaway.(P25)想象你們家開始震動(dòng)并且你們必須馬上離開它。Iwantittypedrightaway,please.請(qǐng)立刻把它打印出來(lái)。Iwokeupatsixandgotuprightaway.我六點(diǎn)醒了,然后馬上起床了。rightaway的同義短語(yǔ)有:rightnow;atonce;immediately;innotimeLetspackupandstartatonce.讓我們整理好行李立刻出發(fā)。Isugg

5、esttothemthattheysetaboutworkingimmediately.我向他們建議他們立刻著手工作。Theinjuredpassengersmustbesenttothehospitalortheywilldie.ArightawayBatfirstCsoonerorlaterDinthebeginning【解析】句意:這些受傷的乘客必須“立即(rightaway)”送往醫(yī)院,否則他們會(huì)死去的。其余三項(xiàng):atfirst“首先”;soonerorlater“遲早”;inthebeginning“起初”,均不符【答案】A2.Whatdo_youthinkwillhappenbef

6、oreanearthquake?(P25)你認(rèn)為地震前會(huì)發(fā)生什么?doyouthink在本句中為插入語(yǔ),經(jīng)常位于疑問(wèn)詞后,在這種情況下,原句為陳述語(yǔ)序插入語(yǔ)放在句尾時(shí),原句應(yīng)保持原語(yǔ)序,即疑問(wèn)詞做主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)時(shí),語(yǔ)序是正裝的;疑問(wèn)詞做賓語(yǔ)等時(shí),原句是倒裝的。Whodoyouthinkwillbefitfortheposition?你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)會(huì)適合這一職位?Whatexplanationdoyousupposetheteachercouldgive?你認(rèn)為老師會(huì)給我們什么樣的解釋?Howlongdidyousayshewouldstayhere?=Howlongwouldshestayhere,

7、didyousay?你說(shuō)她將在這里呆多久?Ithink,Ihope,Imafraid,Ibelieve,youknow等用作插入語(yǔ)時(shí),用在陳述句中,前后通常用逗號(hào)分開,也有不用逗號(hào)的現(xiàn)象。Thediet,Ithink,willdogoodtoyourhealth.我想這種飲食對(duì)你的健康有好處。50舸應(yīng)雖.完成句子你認(rèn)為她多大了?shewas?你猜是誰(shuí)打壞了窗戶?brokethewindow?你認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該做些什么來(lái)阻止此類行為?Whatdotostopsuchactions?Whattostopsuchactions,?【答案】HowolddidyouthinkWhodoyouguessdoy

8、outhinkweshould;shouldwedo;doyouthinkInthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.d農(nóng)家大院里的雞,甚至豬都因過(guò)于惶恐而不想進(jìn)食。too.to太而不能,含有否定含義,相當(dāng)于not.enoughto.。Sheistooshorttoreachthebookontheshelf.=Sheisnottallenoughtoreachthebookontheshelf.她太矮了而不能夠到架子上的書。Imtoobusytotakecareofmybaby.我太忙了,沒時(shí)間照顧我的小孩。This

9、problemistoodifficultformetoworkout.這道題太難了,我做不出。too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)與not或never連用時(shí),不定式為肯定意義。not/nevertoo.to.意為“無(wú)論也不過(guò)分;太而不會(huì)不”。too后面跟表示心情、態(tài)度的形容詞,如anxious,eager,glad,pleased,ready,willing等時(shí),相當(dāng)于very,不定式為肯定意義。Iamtoogladtogetsuchagift.我很高興能得到這樣的一個(gè)禮物Sheisonlytooexcitedtogetsosuchmoney.得到那么多錢,她很激動(dòng)。Itstoodifficultforthe

10、oldtoclimbupthemountain.對(duì)老年人來(lái)說(shuō),爬上那座山太難了。Itisnevertoolatetomend.亡羊補(bǔ)牢為時(shí)不晚。50佃脫雖.根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示,用too.to.完成句子Theboxwas(太重了,我搬不動(dòng)).Im(太忙了,不能和你一起去)now.Iam(非常想作一次環(huán)球旅行).【答案】tooheavyformetolifttoobusytogowithyoutooeagertotravelaroundtheworld4.burstvi.爆裂;爆發(fā)n.突然破裂;爆發(fā)Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandb

11、urst.(P26)在市內(nèi),有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開來(lái)。Aburstofhand-clappingfollowedtheendingofthesong.歌聲結(jié)束之后響起了一陣掌聲。Hebursttheballoonwithaprickofthepin.他用針一戳,氣球就爆了。burstin/into闖進(jìn)burstintotears/laughter突然大哭/大笑起來(lái)burstoutcrying/laughing突然哭泣/大笑Helookedasifhewasabouttoburstintotears.他看上去馬上就會(huì)淚流滿面。Thewholeclassburstoutlaughing.全班的人

12、都突然笑了起來(lái)。舸u完成句子Hearingthenews,she(放聲大哭).He(闖進(jìn)房間)withoutknockingatthedoor.【答案】burstintotears/burstoutcryingburstinItseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!(P?/世界似乎到了末日!(1)asif仿佛;好像Hewalksasifheisdrunk.他走起路來(lái)好像他真的醉了。Itlooksasiftheyrelookingforsomething.他們看起來(lái)好像在找什么東西。asif二asthough用在seem,look等系動(dòng)詞之后引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,也可引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句

13、。asif引導(dǎo)從句有時(shí)可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句表達(dá)的情況與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。從句表達(dá)的情況與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。但是如果從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí),則從句謂語(yǔ)要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。asif也可與動(dòng)詞不定式連用,意為“似乎要做某事”。IwassohappythatIfeltasifIcouldfly.我高興極了,我覺得我好像能飛起來(lái)。Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.他表現(xiàn)地就像什么都沒發(fā)生似的。Shelefttheroomhurriedlyasif(shewas)angry.她匆忙離開房間好像生氣的樣子。Hestoodupasiftoleave.他

14、站起來(lái)似乎要離開?!緦?duì)接高考】(2012北京高考)Donthandlethevaseasifitmadeofsteel.AisBwereChasbeenDhadbeen【解析】句意:“拿花瓶時(shí)不要當(dāng)它是鋼做的一樣?!盿sif引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與事實(shí)相反的情況;又由Donthandle.可知此處應(yīng)為與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式were,故B項(xiàng)正確?!敬鸢浮緽完成句子看起來(lái)好像要下雨。Itlooksitgoingtorain.那個(gè)孩子跟我們談起話來(lái)像個(gè)成年人似的。Thechildtalkedtousheagrown-up.【答案】asif;isasi

15、f;were(2)atanend結(jié)束,終結(jié)MyholidayisatanendandImustgobacktoworktomorrow.我的假期結(jié)束了,明天我得回去工作了。Everythingbetweenthemwasatanend.他們間一切都結(jié)束了。attheendof既可作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),表示“在末,在的盡頭;在的末梢”。bytheendof用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),表示“到末為止;不遲于”,強(qiáng)調(diào)最后時(shí)限,常和過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。intheend用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),表示“最后;終于”,不可與of連用。cometoanend“結(jié)束”,為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。Thereisapostofficeat

16、theendofthestreet.這條街走到頭有一個(gè)郵局。Bytheendofnextyear,theywillhavefinishedworkonthenewstadium.到明年年底,他們將建成這個(gè)新體育館。Intheendshedecidedonbuyingthegreenhat.最后,她決定買那頂綠色帽子。介詞填空Everythingwillbeallrighttheend.WewillhavelearnedEnglishfor5yearstheendofthisyear.Mybrotherwaitedformetheendofthestreet.Thewarwasanend.【答案

17、】inbyatat6.ruinn.廢墟;毀滅vt.毀滅;使破產(chǎn)Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.(P26)在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi),一座大城市就成為一片廢墟。476ADsawtheruinofRomanEmpire.公元四七六年羅馬帝國(guó)滅亡。Mywifewasruiningherhealththroughworry.憂慮嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了我妻子的健康。be/lieinruins成為廢墟fallintoruin成為廢墟cometoruin毀滅,落空Thecityisnowinruins.那個(gè)城市現(xiàn)在成了一片廢墟。Thestormlaidthevillag

18、einruins.暴風(fēng)雨使這個(gè)村子成了一片廢墟。/Z易混辨析/ruin/destroy/damageruin一般指對(duì)物體或生命徹底的破壞,但往往是非暴力的,也不是一次打擊的結(jié)果。常指對(duì)美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。destroy指徹底的損壞,常含不能或很難修復(fù)的意思。可接人,也可以接物。damage損壞、毀壞,指部分損壞,降低某物的價(jià)值。通常接物。語(yǔ)境促記】destroydamageruin破壞(不能修復(fù))毀壞;損壞(還可修復(fù))(逐漸)毀壞kEDEOS.選詞填空ruin,destroy,damageHerheartwasslightlyasaresultofherlongillness.Hisl

19、ifewasbydrink.Theearthquakealmostallthebridgesinthisarea.【答案】damagedruineddestroyed7.injurevt.損害,傷害Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.(P26)2/3的人在地震中死去或受傷。Hundredsofpeopleareinjuredwhenthetraingoofftherail火車出軌時(shí),數(shù)百人受傷。Oftendoesgamescausekneejointtoinjure?經(jīng)常運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)造成膝關(guān)節(jié)損傷嗎?injuryn傷,傷口,傷害i

20、njuredad.受傷的;受委屈的theinjured傷員Thecompanysenttheinjuredbackhomebyair.公司用飛機(jī)將傷員運(yùn)送回家。/刀易混睥祈wound/injure/hurt/harmwound指外傷,如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷,尤指在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷。injure“損害;受傷”,指由于意外或事故而受傷,著重指容貌、機(jī)能的損壞。hurt指肉體上,也可指精神上的傷害。也可為“疼痛;痛苦;傷心”。harm肉體上,也可指精神上的傷害,可能會(huì)帶來(lái)不便。舸fu用選詞填空:injure,wound,hurt,harmThesoldierwasinthearminthewar.Shewas

21、slightlyinanaccidentduringthework.Iwasverymuchathiswords.Thisbrightlightwilldogreattoyoureyes.【答案】woundedinjuredhurtharmshockvt.&vi.(使)震驚;震動(dòng)n.休克;打擊;震驚Peoplewereshocked.(P26)人們驚呆了。Thenewsgavehersuchashockthatherfaceturnedwhite這消息使她非常吃驚,臉都變白了。Hismurdershockedeveryone.他被謀殺了,這使每個(gè)人感到震驚。beashockto.使吃驚besh

22、ockedtodosth.做某事很震驚beshockedat.對(duì)感到震驚shockingadj令人震驚的Iwasshockedthathecouldbesocareless.他竟如此粗心使我感到震驚。Rescueworkerswereshockedbywhattheysaw.救援人員被眼前的景象驚呆了。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,用shock的適當(dāng)形式完成下列小片段人們十分吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)不明飛行物在這座城市的上空飛行,這個(gè)讓人震驚的消息震動(dòng)了周圍的人們,也震動(dòng)了全國(guó)各地的人們。PeopleweretoseethattheUFOwasflyingoverthecity.Thenewsallthepeoplearo

23、und,whichwasalsoagreattopeoplealloverthecountry.【答案】shocked;shocking;shocked;shockSomeoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.(g6)有些救援人員和醫(yī)生被困在廢墟下面。(1)rescuen.&vt.援救;營(yíng)救Therescueattemptwasinterruptedbybadweather.營(yíng)救工作受到惡劣天氣的妨礙。Hebravelywentintotheburninghousetorescuethebaby他勇敢地沖進(jìn)烈火熊熊的屋子去【答

24、案】weretrappedwastrappedinto救那個(gè)嬰孩。rescuesb./sth.from.把從營(yíng)救出來(lái)cometosb.srescue(二rescuesb.)援救某人Thelifeboatwassentouttorescuethesailorfromthesinkingship.派出了救生艇去營(yíng)救沉船上的船員。Wecametohisrescueandpulledhimoutoftheriver.我們來(lái)救他,把他從河里拉了出來(lái)。BO佃脫雖.Agroupofsoldierswithwaterandfoodweresenttothefarmerstrappedinthecave.Avi

25、ewBorganizeCrescueDsettle【解析】句意:一組士兵帶著水和食物前去營(yíng)救陷于洞穴中的農(nóng)民。rescue“援救;營(yíng)救”,符合題意。view“觀看;注視”;organize“組織;成立”;settle“使定居;安排;解決”?!敬鸢浮緾(2)trapvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱,困境Thattrapisintendedforyou.那個(gè)圈套是為你而設(shè)的。Thebearwastrapped.那只熊被陷阱所困。osth./doingsth.誘使某人做betrappedin困在中,陷在中Donttrytotrapmeintothinking.別引誘我去思考。Shewastrappedint

26、heburninghouse.她被困在燃燒著的房子里了。完成句子They(被困)hereforthreedays.He(被套出)sayingthathelikedthegirl.Allhopewasnotlost.(P26)不是所有的希望都破滅了。此句為部分否定的表達(dá)。不定代詞all與否定副詞not連用,表示部分否定。Noteveryonelikeshim.并不是每個(gè)人都喜歡他。Allofusdonthavesuchexperiences.并不是我們每個(gè)人都有這種經(jīng)歷。除all之外,英語(yǔ)中的both,each,every,everybody,everything等具有總括意義的代詞與否定詞no

27、t連用,構(gòu)成部分否定,表示“不都,并非都”的意思?!窘處焸湔n資源】英語(yǔ)中的no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,nolonger,noway,not.either等表示否定意義的詞(詞組)與肯定式謂語(yǔ)一起使用構(gòu)成全部否定。翻譯句子并非每個(gè)人都誠(chéng)實(shí)。答案都不對(duì)。【答案】Noteverymanishonest./Everymanisnothonest.Noneoftheanswersisright.buryvt.埋葬;掩埋;隱藏;使沉浸;使專心Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhowe

28、retrappedandtoburythedead.(g6)軍隊(duì)組成小分隊(duì),將那些受困的人挖出來(lái),并掩埋死者。Wheneverheisfree,hewillburyhisnoseinabook.他一有空就埋頭看書。Dogsliketoburybones.狗喜歡藏骨頭。burysth.in.把埋到里beburiedinburyoneselfin埋頭于;專心于;沉浸于Theenvelopewasburiedinsomepapersonmydesk.那只信封被我桌子上的一些文件蓋住了。Sheburiedherselfinherwork.她埋頭于工作。一句多譯由于他埋頭讀書,所以他不知道外面下雨了。(

29、使用連詞because)f(使用現(xiàn)在分詞burying作狀語(yǔ))f(使用過(guò)去分詞buried作狀語(yǔ))【答案】Becauseheburiedhimselfinthebook,hedidntknowitwasrainingoutside./Becausehewasburiedinthebook,hedidntknowitwasrainingoutside.Buryinghimselfinthebook,hedidntknowitwasrainingoutside.Buriedinthebook,hedidntknowitwasrainingoutside.12a(great)numberof許多;大

30、量的Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.(P2&造成如此多的人員死亡是因?yàn)榈卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)人們正在睡覺。Anumberofboyshavebeenabsentsometimeduringtheterm.這學(xué)期有許多男學(xué)生有時(shí)候缺課。Anumberofstudentsinourschoolenjoylisteningtomusic我校許多學(xué)生喜歡聽音樂(lè)。anumberof/thenumberofanumberof意為“若干;許多”,接名詞復(fù)數(shù)。用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。number前

31、可力口large,small,great等詞。thenumberof意為“的數(shù)量”,其后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)或具有復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞。用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要用單數(shù)形式。Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.這本書的頁(yè)數(shù)是二百。用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Anumberofstudents(be)inthedininghallnow.Yes.Thenumberofthestudents(be)about400.【答案】are;is教師備課資源】關(guān)于“許多”“若干”的短語(yǔ):alarge/great/goodnumberofagreat/goodmanyagoodfewq

32、uiteafew+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)manyamorethanone+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞agreat/gooddealofquitealittle+不可數(shù)名詞alot/lotsof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞13.Onethirdofthenationfelt讓.(卩2&三分之一的地方有震感。Three-fifthsofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.我們班五分之三的學(xué)生是女生。Two-thirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished.三分之二的工作已完成。分?jǐn)?shù)+of+n作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由of后面的名詞決定。類似的用法還有:someof,pl

33、entyof,alotof,mostof,therestof,allof或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+n.等。若of后面接population這一名詞,且謂語(yǔ)為系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由表語(yǔ)來(lái)確定。Tenpercentofthepopulationareminorshere.這兒有百分之十的人口是少數(shù)民族。Threefifthsofthefreshwaterusedbycitizensisfromthereservoir.市民們所用淡水的五分之三是來(lái)自這個(gè)水庫(kù)。用所給助動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Alotofstudents(be)waitingoutside.Alotofmoney(have)beenwast

34、ed.Twothirdsoftheglobe(be)coveredwithwater.【答案】arehasis囲朋殊練XI-.-*I1.damagen.損失;損害vt.損失;損害Mostofthedamagewascausedbyyoursister.大部分損壞是你妹妹造成的。Dontdamageanyperson.不要傷害任何人。do/causedamageto給帶來(lái)/造成毀壞bebadlydamaged遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p害damageoneshealth損害某人的健康Theaccidentdidalotofdamagetothecar.這一事故把汽車損壞得很厲害。Thecamerawasbyhis

35、son.Hehadtohaveitrepaired.AhurtBdamagedCwoundedDdestroyed【解析】句意:照相機(jī)被兒子弄壞了,他必須找人修一下。damage“損壞”符合句意。hurt常指別人的言行給某人的情感造成的傷害;wound常指在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷;destroy常指徹底的毀壞,以致不能修復(fù)?!敬鸢浮緽2.frighteningadj.令人恐懼的vt.損失;損害Itwasafrighteningnight.(P28)這是一個(gè)駭人的夜晚。Thesoundoftherivermovingaboutdownstairswasfrightening.河水在樓下撞擊的聲音叫人驚恐萬(wàn)分

36、。Theylookeduglyandfrightening.他們的樣子丑陋可怕。frightenedadj受驚的,受恐嚇的befrightenedofsth./todosth害怕某事/去做某事befrightenedat/by.因害怕frightenv使害怕驚嚇;威脅使其osth./doingsth.把某人嚇得做某事Shewasfrightenedbytheangrysea.海上的驚濤駭浪嚇壞了她。Dontshoutoryoullfrightenthebaby.別大聲嚷,你會(huì)嚇著孩子的。Whyshouldhefrightenthemaway?他為什么要把它們嚇飛了呢?“Dontyouheart

37、hesounds?”Lucyaskedinavoice.Afrightening;frightenedBfrightened;frighteningCfrightening;frighteningDfrightened;frightened【解析】frightening常用來(lái)描述事物,意為“令人恐懼的”;frightened常用來(lái)描述人的感受,表示“對(duì)感到恐懼的”。根據(jù)句意可知答案選A項(xiàng)。答案】AI預(yù)習(xí)熱號(hào)閱讀下列從Reading中選取的句子,體會(huì)定語(yǔ)從句的用法。Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrossho

38、uses,roadsandcanals.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroy

39、ed.自我總結(jié)例句、中的關(guān)系詞分別為和,其先行詞皆為物,可以互換。例句、的關(guān)系詞皆為,其先行詞為和。例句的關(guān)系詞為,在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)?!敬鸢浮?.thatwhich2.whopeoplethose3.whose知識(shí)精姜限制性定語(yǔ)從句(that,which,who,whose)一、定義及分類定義在主從復(fù)合句中,對(duì)某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分類關(guān)系代詞(who;whom;whose;which;that;as)關(guān)系副詞(when;where;why)句中作用連接主從句指代先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分分類限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句二、

40、引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞指代對(duì)象指代人指代物主語(yǔ)who,that,aswhich,that,as賓語(yǔ)whom,thatwhich,that定語(yǔ)whosewhoseThemanwho/thatistalkingwithmyfatherisateacher.正和我父親說(shuō)話的那個(gè)人是教師。Guilinisacitywhich/thathasahistoryof2,000years.桂林是一座有2000年歷史的城市。Theman(whom)youmetjustnowismyfather.你剛剛遇到的人是我父親。Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.沒有人要

41、這個(gè)屋頂已坍塌的房子?!咀⒁狻筷P(guān)系代詞that既可指人也可指物。有時(shí)可與關(guān)系代詞which/who/whom互換,但是當(dāng)which,whom放在介詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),不能與that互換。在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)who與whom一般可互換,但是若緊跟在介詞后面作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只可用whom。whom在從句中不作主語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞。whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可與the+n.+ofwhich/whom及ofwhich/whom+the+n.互換。(6)as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,可構(gòu)成thesame.as,such.as結(jié)構(gòu)。三、關(guān)系詞只能用tha

42、t而不用which的情況當(dāng)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代詞以及先行詞被這些詞修飾時(shí)。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都已經(jīng)做了。先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。ThisisthelargestshipthatIhaveeverseen.這是我曾經(jīng)見過(guò)的最大的船。當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時(shí)。ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.這正是我要找的那本書。當(dāng)先行詞既指人,又指物時(shí)。Weoftentalkaboutthepers

43、onsandthingsthatweremember.我們常常談起我們記得的那些人和事。當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí),為避免重復(fù)而用that。Whoistheboythatshookhandswithyoujustnow?剛才和你握手的男孩是誰(shuí)?當(dāng)先行詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海已不再是過(guò)去那個(gè)樣子了。誣葷弧生生互動(dòng)運(yùn)”取株“交謊*7習(xí)區(qū)I(見學(xué)生用書第54頁(yè))I單項(xiàng)填空1Thisistheveryplanforthesummerholidaywassuggestedbyhiscousin.AwhichB

44、thatCwhenDit【解析】句意:這就是由他的堂兄提出來(lái)的暑假計(jì)劃。holiday后是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是plan,其前面有very修飾,故關(guān)系代詞用that?!敬鸢浮緽Idontlikestorieshaveunhappyendings.AthatBtheyC.whoseD.who【解析】關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),且指物,故用that?!敬鸢浮緼Thosewanttoseethefilmpleasewritedownyournameshere.A.themB.whatC.whoseD.who【解析】當(dāng)代詞those用作先行詞且指人,并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞通常使用who?!敬鸢浮緿T

45、hevisitorssaythattheyllneverforgetthedaystheyhavespentvisitingHainanProvince.A.whichB.whenC.howD.where【解析】在時(shí)間名詞和地點(diǎn)名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般來(lái)說(shuō),若用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),用關(guān)系代詞;若用作狀語(yǔ),則用關(guān)系副詞。題中的動(dòng)詞spent后缺賓語(yǔ),故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which或that?!敬鸢浮緼Doyouknowthemanthelittlegirlisturningtoforhelp?A.whoseB.whichC.whatD.whom【解析】句意:你知道小女孩正

46、在尋求幫助的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)嗎?先行詞為theman故排除B項(xiàng);what不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;關(guān)系詞在此定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),故選擇D項(xiàng)?!敬鸢浮緿6Thefamilymembersareallmusiclovershasmovedtotheirnewhouse.AwhoseBwhichCthatDwhat【解析】句意:這一家人都喜歡音樂(lè),他們已搬進(jìn)了他們的新家。whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并且修飾名詞members?!敬鸢浮緼7JackisthemostintelligentmanIveevermet.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhere【解析】當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)

47、?!敬鸢浮緼8Ihavethesamemagazineyouboughtjustnow.AwhichBlikeCthatDas【解析】thesame.as表示同類事物,thesame.that表示同一個(gè)事物。句意:我有一本和你剛才買的一樣的雜志。此處表示同類事物,選D?!敬鸢浮緿9Oh,myGod!Whatonearthdoyoumeanbycomingtomesosuddenly?Oh,sorry.Ididntmeantoyou.AhelpBneedCfrightenDexpect【解析】句意:我沒有想要嚇唬你。frighten符合句意。【答案】C10.(2011新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)William

48、founditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningto.A.disappearB.fallC.failD.damage【解析】disappear消失,不復(fù)存在;fall降落,跌倒,降低;fail衰退,變?nèi)?;damage損害,損壞。句意:威廉發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀越來(lái)越困難了,因?yàn)樗囊暳﹂_始衰退了。故選C?!敬鸢浮緾II.選詞填空(who,whom,which,that,whose)1Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?2SomecountriesnamesIh

49、adneverheardofbeforewereshownonthemap.3Anyonefailedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.4Allweneedisenoughrestafterlonghourswork.5Wedontknowthenumberofpeoplelosttheirhomesinthedisaster.6Tomistheboymotherisourmathsteacher.7Adictionaryisabookgivesthemeaningsofwords.8Iboughtthesamedictionaryyou

50、haveyesterday.【答案】1.that/which2.whose3.who/that4.that5who/that6.whose7.that/which8.as話蔭講T練門1.congratulations(用以向他人表示)祝賀;恭喜Congratulations!WearepleasedtotellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.(P30)恭喜你!我們高興地告訴你,你在以新唐山為主題的高中生演講比賽中獲勝了。Congratulationsonwinningtheprize!祝賀你獲獎(jiǎng)

51、!congratulatevt祝賀congratulatesb.onsth.因某事向某人祝賀congratulateoneselfon/upon(doing)sth.慶幸;感至U自豪Icongratulateyouonthiswonderfulopportunity.恭喜你獲得這樣一個(gè)極好的機(jī)會(huì)。Iwanttocongratulateyouwithallmyheart.我衷心地祝賀你。Letmecongratulateyouonhavingpassedtheexamination我祝賀你考試通過(guò)。50佃應(yīng)雖.用congratulation/congratulate的適當(dāng)形式填空Hisclass

52、matesallhimonhissuccessandthemadehimexcited.【答案】congratulated;congratulations2.judgen裁判員;法官vt.斷定;判斷;判決Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.(P30)評(píng)委會(huì)的五個(gè)評(píng)委聽了你的演講,他們一致認(rèn)為你的演講是今年最好的。Dontjudgeherworktoosubjectively.評(píng)論她的作品不要過(guò)于主觀。Ajudgemustgiveanobjectiveopinion.評(píng)

53、判員必須發(fā)表公正的意見。judgementn判斷;看法;判決inonesjudgement依某人判斷;依某人看來(lái)judgesb./sth.tobe+n./adj.判斷是asfarassb.canjudge據(jù)某人判斷judge.by/from.根據(jù)判斷judgingfrom/by根據(jù)判斷(該短語(yǔ)為固定表達(dá),不管它與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系都只用這種形式,在形式上不與邏輯主語(yǔ)一致。)Judgingbyheraccent,shemustbeaSoutherner.從她的口音判斷,她準(zhǔn)是南方人。Iseeyourjudgementisnotwithme.我明白你的看法和我的不一樣。用judge的適

54、當(dāng)形式填空Hisuncleusedtobea.by/fromherletter,sheishavingawonderfultime.Inmy,heisright.【答案】judgeJudgingjudgement3.As_you_know,thisisthedaythequakehappened.yearsago.(P30)如你所知,年前的這一天正是唐山發(fā)生地震的日子。句中畫線部分為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾thisistheday.yearsago整個(gè)句子。TheDiaoyuIslandsbelongtoChina,asiswellknown.眾所周知,釣魚島屬于中國(guó)。Asyoucan

55、see,werestillworking.如你所見,我們?nèi)栽诠ぷ?。Sheislate,asisoftenthecase.她遲到了,這是經(jīng)常的事。as作為關(guān)系代詞,既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),通常用于thesame.as.和such.as.句型中。在定語(yǔ)從句中as可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。as弓I導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“正如”后邊的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report等。Idontlikesuchbooksasherecommends.我不喜歡他推薦的那些書。Iwantthesamecarashedr

56、iveseveryday.我想有一輛他每天開的那樣的轎車。Asisreported,theyfailedinsendingupasatellite.據(jù)報(bào)道,他們發(fā)射衛(wèi)星失敗。【對(duì)接高考】(2012福建高考)Theairqualityinthecity,isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.AthatBitCasDwhat【解析】句意:正如報(bào)告中所顯示的,這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量在過(guò)去的兩個(gè)月已經(jīng)得到了改善。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間的部分為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,that不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,it和what不能作定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

57、【答案】C完成句子正如所預(yù)料的那樣,他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismidtermexamination.眾所周知,發(fā)光的并非全是金子。Allthatglittersisnotgold,.【答案】Asisexpectedasisknownexpressvt.表示;表達(dá)n.快車;速遞Iwouldliketoexpressmythanksto.(P30)我想向表達(dá)我的感謝。ThisisanexpresstrainforBeijing.這是開往北京的特別快車。Iwishtoexpressmyappreciationforyourkindn

58、ess.我要對(duì)于你的好意表示感激。expresssth.t。sb向某人表示/表達(dá)某事expresstosb.sth.expressoneself表達(dá)自己的意見expressionn表達(dá);表示;表情Wordscanhardlyexpressourgratitudetoyou.我們對(duì)你的感激難以用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)。Therewasahappyexpressiononherface.她臉上露出快樂(lè)的神情。BDB寸加凰用express的適當(dāng)形式填空Hereadtheletterwithout.Asmileherjoyatthegoodnews.【答案】expressionexpressedThemanwass

59、leepingdownstairswhentheearthquakehappened.(P31)那個(gè)人正在樓下睡覺,正在這時(shí)地震發(fā)生了。該句中when為并列連詞,意為“就在這時(shí)、突然”,相當(dāng)于andthen/justatthistimeWeweretalkingwhentheteachercamein老師進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我們正在說(shuō)話。Wewerehavingdinnerwhenyouphonedus.你給我們打電話時(shí),我們正在吃飯。when的這種功能常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu):.bedoing.when正在這時(shí).beabouttodo.when正打算做這時(shí)bejustgoingtodo.when正要這時(shí)hadju

60、stdone.when.剛做了這時(shí)beonthepointofdoing.when正要這時(shí)Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.我們就要離開,就在那時(shí)他進(jìn)來(lái)了。HewasonthepointofstartingoutwhenHarrancutin.他正預(yù)備出發(fā),就給哈倫打斷了。【對(duì)接高考】(2010全國(guó)卷I)Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.AwhenBifCandDtill【解析】句意:湯姆正要關(guān)上窗戶,就在這時(shí)一只鳥引起了他的注意。在句式“.beabouttodo”當(dāng)中應(yīng)用when,表“這

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