句子成分-完整版PPT

1、 句子成分見到英語句子應當首先抓住句子的主要成分,即:主語部分和謂語部分.先搞清句子所要陳述的對象(誰 或什么),干 ( 做) 什么,然后在去找修飾成分或說明成分. 句子所要陳述的對象(誰或什么) 是主語;干 ( 做) 是 謂語;謂語的承受者是賓語.修飾主語和賓語的成分是定語;修飾謂語、形容詞或副詞的成分是狀語;系動詞之后的成分是表語.例如:The Chinese workers are building a tall building near the school . These delicious food tastes good . 定語 主語 謂語 定語 賓語狀語定語 定語 主語 謂

2、語 表語 第一節(jié) 主語主語是句子所要陳述的對象.它是一句話的“頭”,它回答“誰 ” “什么”的問題.作主語的主要 是名詞和代詞 ,其次還有數(shù)詞, 動名詞,不定式, 從句等.例如: You are wanted on the phone . 2) Mary is the cleverest of the tree . 3)-What makes you so upset. - Losing the wallet. 4) Its no use crying over spilt milk . 5) To see is to believe . 6) Whether he comes or not

3、doesnt matter. 7) Its important for you to finish this task . ( 代詞作主語)( 名詞作主語)(疑問詞作主語)(動名詞作主語)(動名詞作主語)(不定式作主語)(從句作主語)(不定式作主語)主語一般情況下放在句首,只有在疑問句或倒裝句中后移.練習題I. 找出下列句中的主語并說出是有什么來充當?shù)?.We wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us . 2.Whether you dont like him is none of my business .3.They live on

4、 a busy street . It must be very noisy . 4. There are some boys and girls on the playground . 5. To say it is easier than to do it . ( 代詞) ( 主語從句) ( 代詞) ( 代詞) (名詞) ( 不定式短語) 6. It is possible to fly to the moon by spaceship . 7.My brother gave me two books . The first was a novel.8. Skating is good e

5、xercise . 9. The wounded have already been sent to the hospital . 10. How to do it well is an important question .不定式短語 ( 名詞) ; (數(shù)詞) ( 動名詞)( 形容詞) ( 帶疑問詞的不定式短語)II.用正確的詞性填空_ ( fight ) broke out between the South and the North .2._( complete ) the building in two months will be a great achievement .3.

6、_ ( succeed ) or _ ( fail ) depends on the support of the masses.4.What has _ ( happen ) proves that our policy is right . 5._ ( its) happened that I wasnt there that day . Fighting To complete Success failure happened It 第二節(jié) 謂 語謂語是句子的軀干,說明主語的動作.謂語動詞隨著主語的不同而變化,隨著時間的不同而變化,隨著與主語的不同關(guān)系( 主動關(guān)系和被動關(guān)系)而變化,總之

7、,時時在變.謂語有三種不同的形式: 1) 動詞 They planted many trees on the hill . 2) 情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞 You must stay at home . 3) 系動詞+ 表語 The report is very interesting. 掌握謂語應注意它的幾種變化:1) 人稱和數(shù)的變化 如: I work in a foreign country . He works in a foreign country . 2) 時態(tài)變化 如: I usually get up at six . ( 一般現(xiàn)在時) I am getting up now .

8、(現(xiàn)在進行時)I got up at five yesterday .( 一般過去時)I will get up at seven tomorrow . ( 一般將來時)I have already got up . ( 現(xiàn)在完成時)I was getting up when he came in . ( 過去進行時)I had got up when he came to my house . (過去完成時)I told my mother that I would get up . (過去將來時)3) 語態(tài)變化 如: The children carried school bags . (

9、 主動語態(tài) ) School bags were carried by the children . ( 被動語態(tài))4) 語氣變化 如: I was very busy ,so I didnt go to see him . ( 真實語氣) I would have gone to see him if I had not been very busy . ( 虛擬語氣)練習題I . 指出下列句中謂語并注意變化形式The earth moves round the sun . 2. The factory has already gone into production .3. We must

10、 get rid of bad habits.4.Another kind of pollution is noise . 5. Your sentence doesnt sound right . 6. The leaves have turned yellow.7. The weather continued fine for several days . 一般現(xiàn)在是第三人稱單數(shù) 現(xiàn)在完成時 情態(tài)動詞加動詞 系表結(jié)構(gòu) 系表結(jié)構(gòu)否定式 系表結(jié)構(gòu)完成時系表結(jié)構(gòu)過去時II. 填入動詞的適當形式1.Fifty miles _( be ) not a great distance . 2. He _

11、 ( marry ) for three years . 3. So fast _ light _ ( travel ) that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed . 4. A lot of trees _ ( must , plant ) on the hills . 5. What _ the boy _ ( do ) in the room ? 6. The woman did _ ( stay ) at home last Sunday . ishas been marrieddoes travelmust be plantedi

12、s doingstay 第三節(jié) 賓 語賓語表示動作的對象,是動作的承受者,只有及物動詞才會有賓語.賓語一般放在謂語動詞之后.放在動詞后的賓語叫做動詞賓語,而放在介詞之后的賓語叫做介詞賓語.作主語成分的詞也可做賓語成分,如: 名詞,代詞, 數(shù)詞, 動名詞,不定式等.有一部分動詞能跟雙賓語 (直接賓語和間接賓語)人稱代詞做間接賓語;表示物的名詞做直接賓語.能跟雙賓語的動詞有:give , pass , choose , teach , buy ,show , send , bring , cook 一般情況是間接賓語在前直接賓語在后, 有時,需要直接賓語提前,這時需要在間接賓語之前加上to 或 f

13、or ;加“to” 加“ for ” 由動詞決定,動詞有“方向”含義的用“to”, 其余的 用 for 如 : give the book to me 把書給我 pass the knife to her 把刀遞給她 buy a nice book for me 給我買本書同源賓語是指一部分動詞后跟上一個與它意義相同的賓語,如: live , die , sleep , smile dream , fight, laugh 例句: We are now living a happy life . 復合賓語是指動詞后的賓語帶上自己的一個補足語 .賓語與補足語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.能跟復合賓語

14、的動詞有: call , make , let , ask , tell ,see , hear 例句: We call him Tom . 我們管他叫湯姆. . ( him ) Tom I saw him go into the classroom . 我看到他進了教室. . him go into the classroom 練習題I.指出下列句中賓語并注意它們的形式1.Crusoe made another fence round his cave . 2. He gave up teaching only two years ago . 3. She has learned to pl

15、ay the piano . 4. It is time for supper . 5. Did you write down what he said ?6. Hes going to teach us English next term .7.Could you spare me a few minutes ? 8.She smiled her thanks as she turned away . 名詞動名詞動詞不定式名詞作介詞賓語名詞性從句 代詞作間接賓語名詞作直接賓語代詞作間接賓語名詞作直接賓語名詞作賓語II. 完成下列各句1. I remember _ ( 去過那里)2.Pleas

16、e remember _ ( 鎖上門) when you leave the room . 3. I like _( 唱流行歌曲)4. I like _ ( 唱一首英文歌曲) this time . 5. The computer cant helps us _ (解決所有的問題)6. The girl couldnt help _ ( 哭) when she heard the news .going there beforeto lock the doorsinging pop songsto sing an English song(to) solve every problem cry

17、ing III. 把下列句中的直接賓語提前1.Ill buy you a new shirt .2. Show me your passport . 3.Do bring me your textbook.4. Pour me a cup of tea. 5. He paid the workers the money .Ill buy a new shirt for you .Show you passport to meDo bring your textbook to mePour a cup of tea for me .He paid the money to the workers

18、 . 第四節(jié) 表 語 表語是用來說明主語的身份,特征和狀態(tài)的,只有系動詞之后才有表語. 常見得系動詞有: be , become , appear , look , sound , seem , taste ,smell ,feel, get , grow , go , come 作表語的有: 名詞,代詞,形容詞和分詞,數(shù)詞, 副詞,從句,不定式和動名詞. 如:1) My idea is that we water the vegetables first . ( 從句)2) I must be off now. ( 副詞)3) Their job is collecting stamps.

19、( 動名詞)4)Three times five is fifteen . ( 數(shù)詞)5) The match became very exciting . ( 現(xiàn)在分詞)6) the child feels much better today . ( 形容詞)學習掌握表語應該注意以下三個區(qū)別:1)名詞作表語與形容詞作表語的區(qū)別:名詞作表語回答What問題;而形容詞作表語回答How問題. 例如: His father is a worker . ( What is his father ?) His father is tall . (How is his father ? )2)動名詞作表語

20、與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別:動名詞作表語回答What問題;而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語回答How問題 例如:My job is collecting stamps . ( What is your job ? )The book is interesting . ( How is the book ? )3)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語與現(xiàn)在進行時的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示某物(人)是怎么樣的;而現(xiàn)在進行時則表示某人正在做某事.例如: The film is moving . ( 這部電影很動人.) The children are moving the big table . (孩子們正 挪動那長大桌子.)練習題I .找

21、出下列各句中的表語并注意它們的形式1.Beijing is the capital of China . 2. The street used to be very dirty . 3. His wish was to become an engineer . 4 .Her job is raising pigs. 5. The situation is encouraging . 6. The door remained locked . 7. We must be off now . 8. That is against the interests of the people . 9. M

22、y idea is that we should stick to our plan . 10. The question is how to run the machine . (名詞)( 形容詞)(動詞不定式)(動名詞短語)( 現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)(副詞）（介詞短語）(從句）( 帶疑問詞的不定式）II. 用所給詞的正確形式填空1.The news sounds _ ( inspire )2.We are _ ( interest ) in the story . 3. My work is _ ( clean ) the classroom tomorrow morning 4.The

23、people in the city are very _ . ( happiness)5.That is his book . The one on the desk is _ ( my ) .6.Mother was very angry because all the housework remained _(undo)inspiringinterestedto clean happymineundone 第五節(jié) 定 語定語是修飾成分,它用來修飾名詞. 用作定語的有形容詞,代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞, 副詞，名詞所有格，分詞，動名詞，不定式，介詞短語和定語從句。形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞所有格，單個

24、分詞或動名詞和名詞作定語時放在被修飾詞之前；副詞，各種短語和從句作定語時放在被修飾詞之后.例如：a tall building( tall 為形容詞）, some bananas (some 為代詞）, three scientists ( three 為數(shù)詞），Bettys father ( Bettys 為名詞所有格 ）, a tea cup （tea 為名詞）， teaching plan ( teaching 為動名詞），the running horse （ running 為現(xiàn)在分詞），the people there ( there 為副詞），something to say (

25、 to say 為動詞不定式）， the books on the desk （ on the desk 為介詞短語）, the people interested in the film ( interested in the film 為分詞短語 )， the room where I live (where I live 為定語從句)掌握定語值得注意的問題：復合形容詞作定語，如: a three-storey-high building ( 一幢三層高的樓房） 復合形容詞中的名詞為單數(shù)，一定要加連字符。又如：a one-mile-wide river (一條一英里寬的河流)練習題I.找出

26、下列各句中的定語并注意它們的形式1. Our country is a great country . 2. His words moved everyone present . 3. This has to be permitted by the leading comrades . 4. He is a man loved by all .5. We must work for the interests of the people . 6. Do you know the comrade who spoke just now ? 7. The train which has just l

27、eft is for Shanghai . 8. I have something important to tell you . 9.Do you want anything else ? 10. I have a meeting to attend . (代詞）( 形容詞）(動名詞）(過去分詞短語）( 介詞短語）(從句）(從句）（形容詞）(副詞）(動詞不定式）( 形容詞）(代詞）II. 翻譯下列詞組a much discussed topic2. a man -made satelite 3. a chosen topic 4. running water 5. a sleeping bo

28、y6.a three-year-old boy 7.a one-mile-wide river 8.一本很難讀懂的書 9.沒有做的工作 10.將要舉行的會議 11.黨員12.服務中心13.游泳池14.昨天來的那個人15.年底熱點題目人造衛(wèi)星選題流動的水;正在睡覺的孩子三歲的孩子一英里寬的河a book difficult to understandundone worka meeting to be helda Party membera service centrea swimming poola man who came yesterdaythe end of a year第六節(jié) 狀 語狀

29、語也是修飾成分，它是用來修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞的。它說明動作的時間、地點、方式、原因、結(jié)果、條件、程度、伴隨情況 等等。因此，狀語分為：時間狀語、地點狀語，方式狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語 ，條件狀語 、程度狀語、伴隨狀語等。用作狀語的有 : 副詞、介詞短語、分詞或分詞短語、動詞不定式、名詞和從句，例句如下： 1. Suddenly it began to rain . 副詞.2. According to the plan we must finish the work tomorrow. 介詞短語 ；名詞。3. He sat there smoking . 副詞; 現(xiàn)在分詞。4. Not kn

30、owing what to do , he decided to ask the teacher for advice 。 現(xiàn)在分詞短語5. The other day I went to see a friend of mine in town . 名詞短語，不定式短語。6. Wait a moment . 名詞7.If it is fine tomorrow , well go to plant trees . 從句。8. Given another chance, we will make it better. 過去分詞短語狀語的位置比較靈活，一般有三個位置：一. 放在句尾。如：We w

31、ent to the park yesterday . 二. 放在句首。如： Usually I read the newspaper in the morning , but yesterday I read them in the evening .三，放在動詞之前，在 to be 或主動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后，這類的狀語往往是單個副詞。如： often , still , never , also , always , already , usually ,even , ever , quite , almost , certainly . He always helps others . 。

32、I shall never forget that day . 在句中同時有時間狀語和地點狀語時， 地點狀語一般放在時間狀語之前。如： The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow afternoon. 會議明天將在教室舉行。修飾形容詞和副詞的狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前。如：It is raining very /rather /quite hard .It is raining so hard that / too hard for us to go. enough 修飾形容詞或副詞時，應放在形容詞或副詞之后。 如： Are you wa

33、rm enough ? 練習題I.找出下列各句中的狀語并 指出屬于哪類狀語1.The visitors were warmly welcomed by the students . 2. He did his experiment carefully in the lab yesterday . 3. They did everything they could to save the workers life . 4. Being blind , how could they see ? 5. Greatly inspired by the teachers words , I have m

34、ade up my mind to work at English even harder . 6.The book is very popular among young people . 方式地點時間目的原因程度原因范圍方式7. He entered the dark room , gun in hand . 8. I do it because I like it . 9. We must do as the Party tells us . 10.This room is larger than that one . 11.Considering her age , we must s

35、ay she is doing well .12. In spite of that,I would like to go there myself .13.The boy lay down after he had a long walk. 14.Happy and gay , the girl rushed into the room . 伴隨原因方式條件讓步比較伴隨時間II . 用所給詞的正確形式填空1.Weve won the game ! shouted the students _. ( excited )2.It is a _ good place to visit . ( pr

36、etty ) 3.We _ come to see him . ( usual)4.As we didnt know the way , we stopped _ the way . ( ask ) 5._ in the country , I used to carry water for an old man . ( live ) 6. _ in a famous college , Tom is admired by his former classmates .( educate ) 7. He returned home _ and _. ( proud , joy )8.They

37、crowded around , _ to do something to help . ( eager ) excitedlyprettyusuallyto ask Living Educatedproudjoyfuleager第七節(jié) 補足語補足語是用來對賓語進行補充說明的成分。補足語分為主語補足語和賓語補足語，當謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時賓語補足語就成了主語補足語了。例如：He asked me to open the book . ( 賓語補足語)I was asked to open the book . ( 主語補足語)應當注意的是：賓語與補足語之間的關(guān)系是邏輯主謂關(guān)系， 這是判斷補足語

38、的重要方法。 They made him do the work . ( him 與 do 是主謂關(guān)系 ， him 是do 執(zhí)行者）。作補足語的有：形容詞、名詞、 副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等。 例如： 1. I found the classroom empty . 2. We elected him monitor . 3. Please call the students back at once . 4. We told him to come here early . 5. I found him lying in bed . 6. I heard it spoken of i

39、n the next room . ( 形容詞）( 名詞）( 副詞）( 動詞不定式）( 現(xiàn)在分詞）( 過去分詞）不定式作補足語有時可省不定式符號，這種情況取決于謂語動詞，這樣的謂語動詞有：make , let , have , hear , see , watch , feel , observe , notice 例如:He made me work all day . 他迫使我整天干活。并不是所有的動詞都能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語。能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語的動詞有： have , see, watch , feel , hear , notice , observe , keep , find 例如

40、:The old woman had the lights burning all night long . 老婦人讓燈點了一整夜 注意練習題I.指出下列句中補足語并注意變化形式1.At the meeting we made him monitor .2. What you said made Xiao Wang angry .3. We heard him singing in the hall . 4.I found the classroom empty .5. Please let the student in at once. 6. I cant have you say so .

41、 7.He is asked to sing us a song . 8.Yesterday I had my hair cut.名詞形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞短語形容詞副詞不帶to 的不定式帶to 的不定式過去分詞II.用所給詞的適當形式填空Robert is said _ ( study ) abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in .2. I saw the man _ ( knock ) down and the driver _ ( drive) away .3.Who did the teacher have _ (write ) a

42、n article for the wall newspaper.4. Happiness lies in making others _ ( happiness )5. How can I stop him _ ( ask ) such silly questions ? to be studyingknockeddrivewritehappy askingIII. 完成下列各句1. Have you got the supper _ (準備)? 2.Lets paint the door _ (黑色).3. We must keep the room _(整潔). 4.I found it

43、 difficult to _(學數(shù)學) .5. I think it duty to _(為人民服務) . 6.All this has made it possible for us _ (完成按時工作).readyblacktidyto study mathsserve the peopleto finish the work on time綜合練習題I.指出下列句子劃線部分的句子成分1. A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. 2. Whether well go depends on the weather. 3. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily . 4. He is called Little Tiger . 5. The masses are the real heroes . 6. That was how they were defeated . 7. The nursery takes good care of our children . 8. Ill return t