高中英語 語法復(fù)習(xí)課件1 名詞性從句 新人教選修8

1、2021/8/11 星期三1語法專項提升名詞性從句2021/8/11 星期三2名詞性從句的幾個難點that通常不可省略的三種情況(1)引導(dǎo)主語從句，that置于句首時。That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.他考試不及格讓父母很失望。(2)當(dāng)一個句子有兩個或多個并列的賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)第二和以后幾個從句的that不可省略。2021/8/11 星期三3I wished (that) we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some

2、books on our way back in Shanghai.我希望今年夏天我們能去杭州旅游，并在返程時在上海買些書回來。(3)由it作形式賓語時，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that也不可省略。He has made it clear that he wouldnt agree to the plan.他已清楚表明不同意這項計劃。2021/8/11 星期三4what和that在名詞性從句中的區(qū)別 (1)what在名詞性從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語和表語，意義上相當(dāng)于the thing(s) that，引導(dǎo)主語從句時，其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定；what引導(dǎo)的從句可作介詞的賓語從句。W

3、hat he wants are those books.他需要的是那些書。What he wants is some water.他需要的是一些水。A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.一個現(xiàn)代化的城市已經(jīng)在10年前還是一塊廢地的地方建造起來了。2021/8/11 星期三5(2)that不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用，無任何意義；引導(dǎo)主語從句時，常用it作形式主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，常被省略；that從句一般不充當(dāng)介詞賓語，偶爾可作except，in的賓語。That she wi

4、ll refuse the offer seems unlikely.(It seems unlikely that she will refuse the offer.)她不可能拒絕那個建議。I have found (that) all the tickets have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的票已售完。He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.除了有點粗心之外，他是一個好學(xué)生。2021/8/11 星期三6whether與if的用法比較(1)二者均可作“是否”講，都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)賓語從

5、句可以互換。I dont know whether/if hell attend the meeting.我不知道他是否會出席會議。(2)在下列情況下，常用whether，不用if。whether引導(dǎo)從句可以放于句首。Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他來不來都一樣。2021/8/11 星期三7whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句，if不可。The question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon.他是否入隊的問題還沒決定。The question is

6、 whether it is worth trying.問題是這是否值得一試。whether可以作介詞賓語，if則不可。I havent settled the question of whether Ill lend him the money.關(guān)于是否借給他錢的問題，我還沒最后決定。2021/8/11 星期三8whether后可以加不定式，if不可。He didnt know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是該結(jié)婚還是該等待?？梢哉fwhether.or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，“無論，不論”，if則不可。Whether it rains or snow

7、s，I dont care.無論下雨還是下雪，我都不在乎。2021/8/11 星期三9 that引導(dǎo)的定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別(1)that 作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中可作主語、賓語和表語，作賓語時常可省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞作用，無實義，也不作句子的任何成分，一般不能省略。The news (that) he told me surprised me.(定語從句)他告訴我的消息讓我很吃驚。The news that he gave in surprised me.(同位語從句)他投降的消息讓我很吃驚。2021/8/11 星期三10(2)能跟同位語從句的通常是抽象名詞，

8、常見的有belief(信念)，fact(事實)，idea(想法)，hope(希望)，doubt(懷疑)，news(新聞)，problem(問題)，order(命令)，decision(決定)，discovery(發(fā)現(xiàn))，information(信息)，knowledge(知識)，opinion(觀點)，truth(事實)，report(報道)，thought(想法)等，同位語從句用于說明這些名詞的具體內(nèi)容。而跟定語從句的名詞則范圍廣泛。The fact that the transport of the goods cost too much was not discussed.運費太高這一事

9、實沒有被討論。2021/8/11 星期三11We have strong belief that we will win the war.我們對能贏得這場戰(zhàn)爭抱有堅定的信心。We have some doubt whether they can come on time.我們懷疑他們是否能準(zhǔn)時來。2021/8/11 星期三121(2009年江西卷)The fact has worried many scientists_the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.AwhatBwhichCthat Dthough【解析】本題考查同位語從

10、句。句意為：近年來全球氣候不斷變暖，這一事實使得很多科學(xué)家感到擔(dān)憂。該題同位語從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，故選連詞that?！敬鸢浮緾2021/8/11 星期三132(2009年北京卷)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see_it got any better.Awhen BhowCwhy Dif【解析】句意為：一開始他不喜歡這份新工作，但還是決定給自己幾個月的時間來看一看是否情況會有好轉(zhuǎn)。此題考查賓語從句。從句中不缺少時間、地點、原因，排除A、B、C三項。D項表示“是否”，符合題意?！敬鸢浮?/p>

11、D2021/8/11 星期三143(2009年天津卷)It is obvious to the students_they should get well prepared for their future.Aas BwhichCwhether Dthat【解析】句意為：顯然，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該為他們的未來做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。that引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中不作句子成分，it是形式主語。as引導(dǎo)定語從句或狀語從句；which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，意為：哪個(些)；whether是否，在此句中如用此詞，則語義矛盾。【答案】D2021/8/11 星期三154(2009江蘇卷)Many young people in

12、 the West are expected to leave_could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.Aas BthatCwhich Dwhat【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，leave需要一個賓語；could be需要一個主語，所以要選一個能引導(dǎo)賓語從句且能在句子中作主語的詞，只有what能滿足要求?！敬鸢浮緿2021/8/11 星期三165(2009年全國卷)Could I speak to_is in charge of International Sales，please?Aanyone

13、BsomeoneCwhoever Dno matter who【解析】句意為“我可以同負(fù)責(zé)管理國際銷售部的人談一談嗎？”句中to為介詞，其后是名詞性從句，而從句中缺少主語和關(guān)聯(lián)詞，故選C。no matter who引導(dǎo)狀語從句?！敬鸢浮緾2021/8/11 星期三176(2009年浙江卷)Is there any possibility_you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.Awhen BthatCwhether Dwhat【解析】句意為：你到機場來接我行嗎？沒問題。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，說明possibility的內(nèi)容?！敬鸢浮緽20

14、21/8/11 星期三187(2009年重慶卷)We should consider the studentsrequest_the school library provide more books on popular science.Athat BwhenCwhich Dwhere【解析】句意為：我們應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮學(xué)生們的要求，即學(xué)校圖書館應(yīng)該多提供關(guān)于大眾科學(xué)方面的書籍。此題考查名詞性從句。名詞request后的同位語從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺任何成分，故用that引導(dǎo)?！敬鸢浮緼2021/8/11 星期三198(2009年四川卷)News came from the school office

15、_Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.Awhich BwhatCthat Dwhere【解析】句意為：學(xué)校辦公室傳出了王琳已經(jīng)被北京大學(xué)錄取的消息。這是一道考查同位語從句的題目，news是同位語從句的先行詞?！敬鸢浮緾2021/8/11 星期三209(2009年安徽卷)A good friend of mine from_I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.Ahow BwhomCwhen Dwhich【解析】句意為：在我正要動身去北京前，我幼

16、時的一個好朋友來我家里了。從句意分析，選擇when表示從我出生時就是我的一個好朋友?！敬鸢浮緾2021/8/11 星期三2110(2009年江蘇卷)Many young people in the West are expected to leave_could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.Aas BthatCwhich Dwhat【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，leave需要一個賓語；could be需要一個主語，所以要選一個能引導(dǎo)賓語從句且能在句子中作主語的詞，只有what能滿足要求?！敬鸢浮緿

17、2021/8/11 星期三221(2010屆江西高安中學(xué)月考)The information will be helpful to_will take over the job.Athose BwhoCwhoever Danyone【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意為：無論誰接管這份工作，這一信息都將對他有幫助?！皐hoever will take over the job”是介詞to的賓語，whoever在從句中作主語。如果選擇A、D兩項，需要在后面加上who?！敬鸢浮緾2021/8/11 星期三232(2010屆貴陽部分學(xué)校聯(lián)考)The painting is so valuable that

18、it is difficult to calculate_its price would be.Athat BwhichCwhat D/【解析】考查名詞性從句。這里用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作表語。這畫太名貴了，很難估量其價格?！敬鸢浮緾2021/8/11 星期三243(2010屆鄭州一中月考)_you dont like him is none of my business.AWhat BIfCThat DWhether【解析】考查名詞性從句。that引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中不作成分；what引導(dǎo)主語從句時充當(dāng)句中成分；if不能引導(dǎo)主語從句；whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句應(yīng)是肯定句。由語

19、意可知C項正確?！敬鸢浮緾2021/8/11 星期三254(2010屆濟南統(tǒng)考)The media today can draw public attention to_help is actually needed.Athat BwhichCwhere Dwhose【解析】本題考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，結(jié)合題干，where引導(dǎo)賓語從句并且在賓語從句中作地點狀語?！敬鸢浮緾2021/8/11 星期三265(2010屆臨川一中期中測試)_medicine works in a human body is a question_not everyone can understand fully.AHo

20、w；that BThat；whichCWhat；which DWhat；that【解析】how在句中引導(dǎo)主語從句；that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾限定question。句意為：藥物是如何作用于人體的，這個問題并不是每個人都能完全理解的?！敬鸢浮緼2021/8/11 星期三276(2010年鄭州一模)I think its going to be an argument.Yes，it could be.I wonder_we can do about it.Awhat BhowCwhen Dwhether【解析】考查名詞性從句。what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作wonder的賓語，且what作從句中謂語動詞d

21、o的賓語。其他選項沒有這個功能。【答案】A2021/8/11 星期三287(2010年海淀一模)Sorry Im so late，but you cannot imagine_great trouble I took to find your house.Awhat BhowCwhich Dwhy【解析】考查賓語從句。take great trouble to do something表示“不辭辛勞地做某事”。在此，what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句同時是一個感嘆句，what修飾名詞trouble。而how在感嘆句中修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞?！敬鸢浮緼2021/8/11 星期三298(2010年成都第一次診

22、斷)Professor Backman took up scientific research for decades，and this is_he devoted all his life to.Awhich BwhatCwhere Dhow【解析】考查名詞性從句。what引導(dǎo)表語從句且在從句中作介詞to的賓語，表示“什么”?！敬鸢浮緽2021/8/11 星期三309(2010年上海春招)Tina was hesitating about the job offer as she did not know_the company was an established one.Awhether

23、 BwhatCUntil Dalthough【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意為：Tina對所提供的工作正在猶豫中，因為她不知道這家公司是不是一家地位穩(wěn)固的公司。此處whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作know的賓語。【答案】A2021/8/11 星期三3110(2010年濰坊檢測)It could be judged from her eyes_she was very satisfied with her performance.Awhat BwhichCthat Dwhere【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意為：她對她的表現(xiàn)很滿意，這可以從她的眼睛里判斷出來。It是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語

24、?！敬鸢浮緾2021/8/11 星期三3211(2009年石家莊質(zhì)量檢測一)The problem is_we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.Awhen BwhereChow Dthat【解析】根據(jù)句意可知此處用how引導(dǎo)表語從句?！敬鸢浮緾2021/8/11 星期三3312(2010年長春市第一次調(diào)研)_you have picked up，you must give it back to_it belongs to.AWhatever；whoeverBWhat；no matter whoCNo matter what