畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯-霍爾電流傳感器及其應(yīng)用

1、河南理工大學(xué)檢測(cè)與轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù)翻譯作業(yè)姓名：學(xué)號(hào)：專業(yè)班級(jí)：自動(dòng)化 11-1 班所在學(xué)院：電氣與自動(dòng)化學(xué)院2014年 01月 10日Hall Current Sensor and Its ApplicationIn the modern society, the information demand is huger and huger, and sensors play an important role in the information acquisition. They can turn all kinds of physical information, according to ce

2、rtain rules, into measurable electrical signal. Based on the changes of electrical signals we measured, and the related physical information relationship, we can gain the measured physical information changes or size.According to the working principle of the sensor, we can divide the sensors into ma

3、ny types, such as photoelectric sensor, charge sensors, potential type sensor, semiconductor sensor, the electricity sensor, magnetic sensor, resonant sensor, electric chemical formula sensor etc.Hall sensor is the use of hall element based on the Hall effect principle, which can concert the physica

4、l information, such as current, magnetic field, the displacement, pressure, etc, into electromotive force output. It belongs to the potential type sensor. At present, this kind of sensor is mainly hall integrated circuit and the core unit is based on the Hall effect, which is made through the integr

5、ated circuit technology. So it is not only a kind of integrated circuit, but a kind of magnetic sensor.According to the actual application, this article is mainly about the hall current sensor.1. Hall effectWhen we place a metal or semiconductor wafer in a magnetic field, and if there is a current t

6、hrough it, it will produce electromotive force in the perpendicular direction of the electric and magnetic field, calling this kind of physical phenomenon Hall effect.Figure 1 Hall effect principle diagram2Under the action of the Lorentz force generated in the magnetic field, the carrier of energize

7、d semiconductor chip, deflect and accumulate respectively on both sides of the chip, thus forming a electric field, called the Hall electric field. Hall electric field produces electric field force which is contrary to the Lorentz force, hindering carrier to continue to pile up, until the hall elect

8、ric field force equal with the Lorentz force.At this time, it will set up a stable voltage on both sides of the chip, and this is the hall voltage.2. Hall current sensorAlong with the urban population and the expansion of the construction scale of the city, and the increasing of all kinds of electri

9、c equipment, power consumption is bigger and bigger. The power supply equipment of the city often overload , while power environment becomes more and more bad, the test to the power being more and more serious. Thus, the problems in the power supply come out more and more apparently . Now, small pow

10、er supply equipment has been combined with more and more new technology. For example, switch power supply, hard switch, soft switch, parameter voltage regulator, linear feedback voltage regulator, magnetic amplifier technology, numerical control pressure regulation, PWM, SPWM, electromagnetic compat

11、ibility, etc. The actual demands directly promote power technology development and progress. In order to detect and display current automatically, and the automatic protection function and more advanced intelligent control when the harm such as over current, over voltage occurs, the power supply tec

12、hnology with sensing detection, sensing sampling and sensing protection becomes a trend. Sensors of detecting current or voltage, called Hall current sensor, come into being, and quickly become the favorite of the designers of the power supply in our country.2.1 The performance characteristics of Ha

13、ll current sensorHall current sensor has superior performance, and it is a kind of advanced electric detecting element, which can isolate the main circuit loop and electronic control circuit. It has all the advantages of transformers and shunts, and at the same time, overcomes their disadvantages(tr

14、ansformer can be only applied to the power frequency measurement, 50 Hz; shunt is unable to do isolation measurement). Using the same one hall current sensor module detecting element not only can test AC, but also can detect DC, even can detect transient peak. It has the following performance charac

15、teristics.Measure the arbitrary waveform current, such as DC, AC, and even totransient peak parameters measurement; High precision. General Hall current sensor module s precision in the work area is higher than 1%, and the precision is suitable for any waveform measurement;The linearity is better th

16、an 0.5%;Good dynamic performance. The dynamic response time of general Hall3sensor module is less than 7and the trackings, speed di/dt is above 50A/ s;Working band wide. It can work in the frequency range from 0 to 20 KHZvery well;Strong overload ability. Wide measurement range（010000A）;High reliabi

17、lity. The average trouble-free working is more than 5 x 10000hours;Small size, light weight, easy to install and it will not bring any loss to thesystem.In view of the above high performance characteristics, the Hall current sensors gain the wide applications.2.2 The principle of Hall current sensor

18、Hall current sensor can measure all kinds of current, from DC to AC of dozens of thousand Hertz. The basis principle of working is mainly Hall effect principle.Open loop current sensorWhen the primary side current Ip flows through a long wire, it will produceamagnetic field around the wire, and the

19、size of the magnetic field is proportional to the current through the wire, the magnetic field gathering inside the magnetic ring. Through the Hall element between the magnetic ring gap, it measures and output the amplification result, the output voltage Vs reflecting the primary side current Ip acc

20、urately. The general rated output is 4V.Figure 2 open loop current sensor principle diagramThis way has many advantages. It has simple structure and is measurable DC, AC and various waveform current. Besides, the precision and linearity of the measurement result is higher. But its measuring range an

21、d bandwidth are limited to a certain extent. In this application, Hall device is a magnetic detector, It detects the magnetic induction intensity in core magnetic circuit air gap. After the current4increases, core may reach saturation; Along with the frequency increasing, the eddy current loss and h

22、ysteresis loss of the core also will increase. These will influence on the measuring accuracy.Through this method, the result will output in the form of voltage signal and it s easy to come true in the attachment.Closed loop current sensorFigure 3 closed loop current sensor principle diagramMagnetic

23、 balanced current sensor Is also called compensation sensor. It means th e magnetic field which is produced by the primary side current Ip in poly beads space of generated was compensated with the magnetic fields which is produced by a secon dary coil current. Its offset current Is an accurate refle

24、ction of the original edge curren t Ip, so that the hall device stay in the detecting zero flux working condition.Closed loop current sensor is also called compensation sensor. It means the magnetic field which is generated by the primary side current Ip in poly beads space was compensated through t

25、he magnetic fields which is generated by a secondary coil current. Its offset current Is reflects the primary side current Ip accurately, so that the Hall device stay in the detecting zero flux working condition.The specific work process of the magnetic balanced current sensor is: when a current flo

26、ws through the main circuit, the magnetic field generated on the wires is gathered by poly beads and inducted to the hall device, using the output signal to drive power tube and make it conduct, so that we can get a compensation current Is. The current then produce a magnetic field through multicirc

27、uit winding, contrary to the one that generated by the measured current, thus compensating the original magnetic field and making the Hall device outputs decrease gradually. When Ip becomes the same as the magnetic fields produced by the number of turns multiplication, Is will no longer increase. At

28、 the time, the Hall device can instruct the5zero flux. and we can test Ip though Is. When Ip changes, the balance will be damaged and the Hall device will have a output signal, so, then it will repeat the above process to achieve balance again. Any changes of the measured current will disrupt the ba

29、lance. Once the magnetic field is out of balance, Hall device will have signal output. After the power amplifier, there will have corresponding current through the secondary winding to compensatethe unbalanced magnetic field immediately. The time for magnetic field to change from unbalance to balanc

30、e again needs less than 1 s in theory. This is a dynamic balance process. Therefore, from the macroscopic point of view, the ampere-turns number of the secondary compensation current is the same as the ampere turns of primary measured current in any time.When it becomes balance, Hall device will sta

31、y in zero flux state. The magnetic induction intensity of the core is extremely low (ideal state should be 0).It wonthe core saturation, and also wont produce big hysteresis loss or eddy current loss. Choosing the core materials and line element properly can make out excellent zero magnetic power ci

32、rcuit sensors.The output that measured in this way will be the current signal. If you want the voltage signal, you can connect a load at the output, and then it can be converted into voltage output.2.3 The application of Hall current sensor in intelligent power gridBecause the Hall current sensor ca

33、n measure all kinds of current and it has a very big measuring range, high precision, good linearity, and ease of installation, so it has a very widely used. Here is the main explanation in the application of intelligent power grid.Along with the vigorous development of the modern society, not the i

34、ndustrial electricity, but life electricity increases in a sharp, making all kinds of work constantly increase which greatly increase the burden of the staff. In order to have a reasonable electricity distribution, as well as complete circuit fault detection more efficiently, we use the Hall current

35、 sensor in power grid, along with all kinds of infrastructure, to realize the intelligent power network, so as to realize the high efficiency utilization of electricity.Because the installation of Hall current sensor is simple, we articulate hall current sensor module directly in measuring circuit,

36、if enough, covering the area is quite large, so that it can gain the current information of each branch. Complementary with wireless communication module, it can transmit the measured signal to console in time. In console, we can process these signals very well, and then accurately obtain the whole

37、grid electricity information at this time, so that we can distribute the electricity reasonably.In a period of time, if some branches broke down, we only need to operate the console and inquiry those abnormal current detection signal. Then, according to relevant position information, we can quickly

38、narrow the scope of the failure, so as to realize efficient troubleshooting and solving.6In our experiment, we adapt the open loop current sensor, CS020G. Its circuit connection diagram is shown in figure 4:Figure 4 Hall current sensor connection diagram in the circuitFigure 5 Hall sensor current ap

39、plication schematic diagram3. SummaryWith the research development, the use of the sensor will be more frequent and its function and integration will also be a more powerful. In measuring accuracy, flexibility, etc, they will also have a good ascension. Although the two Hall current sensors mentione

40、d above meet the accuracy of measurement and linear degrees in a certain extent, they require magnetic field and Hall element vertical. So we must increase beads, this directly leads to the increase of the volume. In addition, they are sensitive to the variation of the temperature, and output voltag

41、e is also too small. Therefore, in many aspects, they need to compensate and improvement. High demands promote the development of the sensor.7霍爾電流傳感器及其應(yīng)用在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中， 信息化的需求越來越龐大， 傳感器的信息采集中發(fā)揮了重要作用。他們可以把各種物理信息，按照一定的規(guī)則，為可測(cè)量的電信號(hào)。我們所測(cè)量的電信號(hào)， 以及相關(guān)的物理信息的關(guān)系的變化的基礎(chǔ)上， 我們可以得到所測(cè)量的物理信息的變化或大小。根據(jù)該傳感器的工作原理， 我們可以劃分成多種類型的傳感

42、器， 如光電傳感器，電荷傳感器，電位型傳感器，半導(dǎo)體傳感器，電傳感器，磁傳感器，諧振式傳感器，電動(dòng)化學(xué)式傳感器等?；魻杺鞲衅魇抢没魻栐幕魻栃?yīng)原理， 可以音樂會(huì)的物理信息， 如電流，磁場(chǎng)，位移，壓力等，為電動(dòng)勢(shì)輸出。它屬于電位型傳感器。目前，這種傳感器主要是霍爾集成電路的核心單元是基于霍爾效應(yīng)，這是由通過集成電路技術(shù)。因此，它不僅是一種集成電路，而是一種磁傳感器。本文根據(jù)實(shí)際的應(yīng)用，主要是霍爾電流傳感器?；魻栃?yīng)當(dāng)我們的金屬或半導(dǎo)體晶片放置在一個(gè)磁場(chǎng)，并且如果有一個(gè)通過它的電流，它會(huì)產(chǎn)生電動(dòng)勢(shì)， 在垂直方向上的電場(chǎng)和磁場(chǎng)， 調(diào)用此種物理現(xiàn)象霍爾效應(yīng)。圖 1 霍爾效應(yīng)原理圖電子磁場(chǎng)中產(chǎn)生的

43、洛倫茲力的作用下， 通電的半導(dǎo)體芯片的載體， 偏轉(zhuǎn)和積累分別在芯片的兩側(cè)， 從而形成一個(gè)電場(chǎng)， 稱為霍爾電場(chǎng)。 霍爾電場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生的電場(chǎng)力，這是相反的洛倫茲力， 阻礙了繼續(xù)堆積， 直到大廳等于電場(chǎng)力與洛侖茲力的載體。芯片的兩側(cè)上，此時(shí)，將設(shè)置一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的電壓，這是霍爾電壓?；魻栯娏鱾鞲衅麟S著城市人口和城市建設(shè)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大，以及各種電氣設(shè)備的增加， 功耗也越8做越大。城市的供電設(shè)備經(jīng)常超載，而電源環(huán)境變得越來越壞， “測(cè)試 ”的權(quán)力越來越嚴(yán)重。因此，電源的問題越來越多的顯然出來。現(xiàn)在，小功率電源設(shè)備已經(jīng)越來越多的新技術(shù)相結(jié)合。例如，開關(guān)電源，硬切換，軟切換，參數(shù)穩(wěn)壓器，線性反饋穩(wěn)壓器，磁放大器技術(shù)，數(shù)控壓

44、力調(diào)節(jié)， PWM ，SPWM，電磁兼容等實(shí)際需求直接推動(dòng)電源技術(shù)的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步。 為了檢測(cè)并顯示當(dāng)前自動(dòng)， 自動(dòng)保護(hù)功能和更先進(jìn)的智能控制，過電流，過電壓的危害，如發(fā)生時(shí)，電源技術(shù)與傳感檢測(cè)，傳感采樣，傳感保護(hù)已成為一種趨勢(shì)。傳感器檢測(cè)電流或電壓，所謂的霍爾電流傳感器應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，并迅速成為最喜愛的設(shè)計(jì)師在我國(guó)的電源。2.1 霍爾電流傳感器的性能特性霍爾電流傳感器具有優(yōu)越的性能， 并且它是一種先進(jìn)的電檢測(cè)元件， 它可以隔離的主回路和電子控制電路。 它有變壓器和分流器的所有優(yōu)點(diǎn)， 并且在同一時(shí)間，克服了它們的缺點(diǎn)（變壓器可以只施加的電源頻率的測(cè)量， 50 赫茲，分流器是無法做隔離測(cè)量）。使用同一個(gè)霍爾

45、電流傳感器模塊檢測(cè)元素，不僅可以測(cè)試 AC ，但也可以檢測(cè)直流，甚至可以檢測(cè)瞬時(shí)峰值。它具有下列性能特點(diǎn)。測(cè)量任意波形的電流，如 DC，AC ，乃至瞬態(tài)峰值參數(shù)測(cè)量的 ;精度高。在工作區(qū)中的一般霍爾電流傳感器模塊的精度高于 1，并且是適用于任何波形測(cè)量精度 ;線性度優(yōu)于 0.5;良好的動(dòng)態(tài)性能。一般的霍爾傳感器模塊的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)時(shí)間小于為 7s，跟蹤速度 di / dt 是上述 50A/s;工作頻段寬。它可以工作在頻率范圍從 0 到 20 KHZ 非常好 ; 過載能力強(qiáng)。測(cè)量范圍寬（ 0? 10000A）; 高可靠性。平均無故障工作是超過 510000 小時(shí) ; 體積小，重量輕，易于安裝和系統(tǒng)不會(huì)

46、帶來任何損失。鑒于上述的高性能特性，霍爾電流傳感器獲得了廣泛的應(yīng)用。2.2 霍爾電流傳感器的原理霍爾電流傳感器可以測(cè)量各種電流，從 DC 到 AC 幾十千赫茲。工作的基本原理主要是霍爾效應(yīng)原理。開環(huán)電流傳感器當(dāng)初級(jí)側(cè)電流 Ip 流通過一個(gè)長(zhǎng)的導(dǎo)線，它會(huì)在導(dǎo)線周圍產(chǎn)生一個(gè)磁場(chǎng)，并且磁場(chǎng)的大小成比例的電流通過電線， 收集磁性環(huán)內(nèi)的磁場(chǎng)。 通過霍爾元件之間的磁性環(huán)間隙，它可以測(cè)量和輸出的放大的結(jié)果，精確地反映的初級(jí)側(cè)電流Ip的輸出電壓 Vs。一般的額定輸出為4V。9圖 2 開環(huán)電流傳感器的原理圖此方式具有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 它具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單， 可測(cè)量直流， 交流和各種波形的電流。此外，較高的測(cè)量結(jié)果的精度和線

47、性。但是，它的測(cè)量范圍和帶寬被限制到一定程度。在此應(yīng)用中， 霍爾器件的磁檢測(cè)器， 它檢測(cè)鐵心磁路的氣隙中的磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度。電流增大后，芯可以達(dá)到飽和，隨著頻率的增加，渦流損耗和磁滯損耗的核心也將增加。這些會(huì)影響測(cè)量精度。通過這種方法，結(jié)果將輸出的電壓信號(hào)的形式， 并可以很容易地在附件成真。閉環(huán)電流傳感器圖 3 閉環(huán)電流傳感器的原理圖磁平衡電流傳感器也稱為補(bǔ)償傳感器。 這意味著被補(bǔ)償， 所產(chǎn)生的二次線圈電流的磁場(chǎng)的磁場(chǎng)所產(chǎn)生的初級(jí)側(cè)電流Ip 在聚珠的生成空間。其偏置電流準(zhǔn)確地反映原邊電流Ip，從而使霍爾器件停留在檢測(cè)零磁通的工作狀態(tài)。閉環(huán)電流傳感器也被稱為補(bǔ)償用的傳感器。這意味著，通過其中的二次線圈

48、中的電流所產(chǎn)生的磁場(chǎng)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償?shù)拇艌?chǎng)所產(chǎn)生的初級(jí)側(cè)電流Ip 在聚珠空間。其10偏移量的電流 Is，使準(zhǔn)確地反映的初級(jí)側(cè)電流 Ip 的霍爾器件留在檢測(cè)零磁通的工作狀態(tài)。磁平衡的電流傳感器的具體工作過程是： 當(dāng)有電流流過的主電路， 產(chǎn)生的磁場(chǎng)的導(dǎo)線上收集的聚珠， 并引導(dǎo)到大廳的移動(dòng)設(shè)備， 使用的輸出信號(hào)， 以驅(qū)動(dòng)功率管和使進(jìn)行，因此，我們可以得到一個(gè)補(bǔ)償電流。然后，電流產(chǎn)生的磁場(chǎng)，從而通過多回路繞組， 所產(chǎn)生的測(cè)得的電流中的一項(xiàng)相反補(bǔ)償原來的磁場(chǎng)， 使霍爾器件的輸出逐漸減小。 當(dāng)葉變得相同， 產(chǎn)生的磁場(chǎng)的匝數(shù)由數(shù)量乘法， 是將不再增加。的霍爾器件的時(shí)候，可以指示零磁通。我們雖然是測(cè)試 IP。因此，當(dāng)

49、 IP 變化，平衡將被破壞， 將有霍爾器件的輸出信號(hào)， 然后將重復(fù)上述過程再次達(dá)到平衡。測(cè)得的電流的任何變化會(huì)破壞平衡。 一旦磁場(chǎng)失去平衡， 霍爾器件將信號(hào)輸出。在功率放大器之后，將有相應(yīng)的電流通過次級(jí)繞組立即補(bǔ)償不平衡的磁場(chǎng)。磁場(chǎng)來改變從不平衡再次平衡的時(shí)間需要小于 1s的理論。這是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的平衡過程。因此，從宏觀的角度來看， 安培匝數(shù)二次補(bǔ)償電流的數(shù)量是相同的安匝的主要測(cè)得的電流在任何時(shí)間。當(dāng)它變得平衡，霍爾器件將保持在零磁通狀態(tài)。 的核心是磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度極低 （理想狀態(tài)應(yīng)為 0），它不會(huì)使磁芯飽和，也不會(huì)產(chǎn)生大的磁滯損耗渦流損耗。選擇正確的核心材料和線單元可以了良好的零磁電源電路傳感器。以這

50、種方式測(cè)量的輸出將是電流信號(hào)。 如果你想的電壓信號(hào)， 你就可以在輸出端連接負(fù)載，那么它可以被轉(zhuǎn)換成電壓輸出。2.3 霍爾電流傳感器在智能電網(wǎng)中的應(yīng)用由于霍爾電流傳感器可以測(cè)量各種電流， 它有一個(gè)非常大的測(cè)量范圍， 精度高，線性度好，且易于安裝，因此它具有非常廣泛的應(yīng)用。這里是主要的解釋智能電網(wǎng)的應(yīng)用。隨著蓬勃發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)， 而不是工業(yè)用電， 但生活用電的急劇增加， 使各項(xiàng)工作不斷增加， 大大提高了工作人員的負(fù)擔(dān)。 為了更有效地， 有一個(gè)合理的電力分配，以及完整的電路故障檢測(cè)使用霍爾電流傳感器在電網(wǎng)， 隨著各種基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，以實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化的電網(wǎng)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)高效率利用電力。由于霍爾電流傳感器的安裝是簡(jiǎn)單的

51、， 我們闡明霍爾電流傳感器模塊直接在測(cè)量電路中， 如果有足夠的， 覆蓋的面積是相當(dāng)大的， 以便它能夠獲得各分支的當(dāng)前信息?；パa(bǔ)的無線通信模塊， 它可以傳送所測(cè)量的信號(hào)在時(shí)間到控制臺(tái)。 在控制臺(tái)中，我們可以很好地處理這些信號(hào)， 然后在這個(gè)時(shí)候， 準(zhǔn)確地獲取整個(gè)電網(wǎng)的用電信息，因此，我們可以合理地分配電力。在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)， 如果一些樹枝打破了， 我們只需要操作控制臺(tái)， 并調(diào)查這些異常電流檢測(cè)信號(hào)。然后，根據(jù)相關(guān)位置信息，我們可以快速縮小故障的范圍，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)高效的故障排除和解決。在我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，我們采用的開環(huán)電流傳感器， CS020G。它的電路連接圖是圖 4 中所示：11圖 4 霍爾電流傳感器連接在電

52、路中的圖圖 5 霍爾傳感器電流的應(yīng)用原理圖總結(jié)霍爾傳感器的研究開發(fā)， 使用的傳感器將更加頻繁， 也將是一個(gè)更強(qiáng)大的功能和集成。在測(cè)量精度，靈活性等，他們也將有一個(gè)很好的提升。雖然上述兩個(gè)霍爾電流傳感器測(cè)量和線性度， 在一定程度上滿足精度， 它們需要垂直磁場(chǎng)和霍爾元件。所以，我們必須增加珠，這直接導(dǎo)致的體積的增加。此外，他們的溫度的變化很敏感， 并且輸出電壓也太小。 因此，在很多方面，他們需要彌補(bǔ)和改善。高需求促進(jìn)了傳感器的發(fā)展。五分鐘搞定 5000字畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯， 你想要的工具都在這里 !在科研過程中閱讀翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)是一個(gè)非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)，許多領(lǐng)域高水平的文獻(xiàn)都是外文文獻(xiàn)， 借鑒一些外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)比較多，慢慢地就發(fā)現(xiàn)了外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯過程中的三大利器：Google“翻譯 ”頻道、金山詞霸（完整版本）和 CNKI“翻譯助手 。12具體操作過程如下：1.先打開金山詞霸自動(dòng)取詞功能，然后閱讀文獻(xiàn)；2.遇到無法理解的長(zhǎng)句時(shí)，可