主謂語一致公開課.課件

1、 主謂一致Subject-Verb Agreement要點精析【定義】 主謂語一致指的是句子的謂語動詞與其主語在人稱、性、數(shù)上必須保持一致?！救龡l原則】1.語法一致原則2.就近一致原則3.意義一致原則就近一致原則1. Neither my gloves nor my hat _ with the dress. A. go B. goes C. is D. are 2. (2009湖南高考)Either you or one of your students_ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D.

2、be【考點歸納】1.由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also. 等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù) 上保持一致。2. 由there，here引起的主語不止一個時，謂語通常和最鄰 近的主語保持一致。BB【例句讀一讀】意義一致原則1. 謂語動詞只有單數(shù)的情況2. 謂語動詞只有復(fù)數(shù)的情況3. 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定4. 以s結(jié)尾的表示學科、國家、機構(gòu)、書籍、報刊等名稱的詞作主語。Physics is one of my favourite subjects.(5) 由every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等

3、所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語。 Is everybody here today？(6) 非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.I. 只用單數(shù)的：主語抽象表單一，集體名詞整體看；and連接兩名詞，或人或物不可分；Every，each以及no，并用and連名詞；三“e” neither不定代，所構(gòu)合成正式單;News，means，works，貌似復(fù)數(shù)實則單；還有ics結(jié)尾學科詞，國，書，劇名兼格言;時重長度與價值，主

4、單不受隨行控；many，more than連單數(shù)，名詞數(shù)量一個半，謂語單數(shù)不多看。2. 謂語動詞只有復(fù)數(shù)的情況(1) people，police，cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語。 People read for pleasure during their spare time.(2)一些常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如goods，stairs, arms等作主語。(3)由山脈、群島、瀑布、運動會等以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years.(4)a number of/quantities of/a gr

5、oup of名詞作主語。 A number of the other plants were found in America.III用復(fù)數(shù)的人們加警察，家禽并牛群，常作復(fù)數(shù)沒問題；服裝鞋襪及手套，自然全是用復(fù)數(shù)；某些集體名詞（people, police, cattle）只當復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語只能用復(fù)數(shù)。The police are (be) searching for them.And，bothand 連接不同人與物，無疑也是用復(fù)數(shù)。用and或bothand連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Walking and riding are (be) good exercises.3. 謂語動詞

6、的單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定(1)集體名詞class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience， public，government，majority，group等作主語，強調(diào)整體時謂語動詞用單數(shù)，指個體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。The population in China _ very large and 80% of the population _ in rural areas. A is, lives B are, live C are, lives D is, liveD(4) all，none，some，any等不定

7、代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。所有的人都已經(jīng)到位，一切就緒。All _ and all _.are hereis ready(5) “of名詞”作主語，謂語動詞要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 保持一致。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.Most of the apples were rotten.“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由 a lot of, lots of, the rest of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of 后面

8、的名詞的數(shù)保持一致.Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.Half of the students _finished theircomposition. 一半的學生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys.

9、 我們學校, 大約百分之六十的學生是男生.haveisareIV. 可單可復(fù)的（語法原則）可單可復(fù)有8類，集體名詞一大類，看做整體用單數(shù)，個體單看用復(fù)數(shù)；不定代詞疑問詞，部分、半數(shù)及剩余，這些作主看內(nèi)容，該單該復(fù)看含義；The加分詞形容詞，指人一定是復(fù)數(shù) ，若與分詞指抽象，仍用單數(shù)莫遲疑；one of引導(dǎo)定從句，修飾復(fù)數(shù)是真的，若有the only在前頭，從句指的是單一；人口數(shù)目與比例，大多、種類作主語；許多、分數(shù)、百分數(shù)，是單是復(fù)看意義；四則運算隨意。 A professor, together with some foreign students, _ (be) sent to help

10、in the work. No one but the teachers _ (be) the target reader of the book.wasis2. and并列的情況：A. 由and連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念。謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Both bread and butter are sold out.A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸子是有用的工具。_ The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。 The knife and

11、 fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。 isis3.定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that從句中作主語時，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.注意：one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句 the (only) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句 A. He is the only one of the students who _ (be) a winner of scholarship for three years

12、. B. She is one of the few girls who_ (be) well educated at university.is are4. 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)與其后的主語一致。例如: Between the two windows hangs a picture.5. 主語從句后的謂語動詞1. Whatever was left _ (be )taken away.2. What they need _ (be) books.溫馨提示 what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，但若從句謂語或從句后的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。wasare如果主

13、語是不定式, 動詞ing形式或主語從句的時候,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。When he is coming seems very important. 他什么時候要來看起來很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛好。 To love her is not to break her wings. 愛她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。. 注意 單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)的情況：“no/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞”作主語。More than one+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞No teacher and no st

14、udent _(be) in the classroom.Every pen and every book _ ( lay ) on the desk already.has been laidis不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個蘋果都爛了。 are is 1. A number of people _(own) cars now. 2.The number of people who own cars _ (i

15、ncrease) every year. 1.The aged _ being cared for in the community. 2.The beautiful _ not always good. 1. A singer and dancer _ been invited to the party. 2. A singer and a dancer _ been invited to the party. own is increasing are is has have Tom is one of the workers who _ fired by the company last

16、 week. Tom is the only one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week. A large quantity of water _ wasted every year. Large quantities of water _ wasted every year. were was is are下列句子有什么特點?1. What we need _ hard work. What we need _ suitable materials. 2. Such _ what he told me. Such _ his

17、 words. 3. The following _ his advice on learning English. The following _ some tips to learn English. is are waswere is are1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps

18、 C. kept D. have kept3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. wasBBBA【歷年高考題訓(xùn)練】5. Nobody but Jane and Mary _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known6 Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.（10湖南） A. is B. are C. has D. have7Such poets as Shakespeare_ widely read，of whose works，however，some difficult to understand(10四川） Aare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis：a