醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué)資料：細(xì)菌實(shí)習(xí)-2 多途徑細(xì)菌采樣培養(yǎng)及真菌形態(tài)觀察

1、CAMS/PUMC細(xì)菌學(xué)實(shí)習(xí)-II多途徑細(xì)菌采樣培養(yǎng)及真菌形態(tài)觀察CAMS/PUMC實(shí)驗(yàn)材料咽拭子 1支/人大號(hào)普通培養(yǎng)皿 3塊/人小號(hào)羊血培養(yǎng)皿 1塊/人10ml無菌肉湯管 1支/人安爾碘 1瓶/桌無菌棉棒 若干支/人1ml移液器 6支/桌1ml Tip 3盒/桌CAMS/PUMC實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牧私飧鞣N培養(yǎng)基的制備掌握機(jī)體常見部位及環(huán)境中的細(xì)菌采樣、培養(yǎng)及初步鑒定掌握臨床常見真菌的形態(tài)及生長(zhǎng)特點(diǎn)CAMS/PUMC實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容機(jī)體不同部位的細(xì)菌采樣、培養(yǎng)咽部正常菌群的采樣、培養(yǎng)手指消毒前后的細(xì)菌采樣培養(yǎng)手部皮膚采樣培養(yǎng)、細(xì)菌計(jì)數(shù)CAMS/PUMC實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容環(huán)境中細(xì)菌采樣培養(yǎng)常用生活用品的細(xì)菌采樣培養(yǎng)手機(jī)流

2、通紙幣抗菌洗浴用品抑菌功效的檢測(cè)CAMS/PUMCCAMS/PUMC細(xì)菌接種法平行劃線法分區(qū)劃線法密集接種法CAMS/PUMC平行劃線法CAMS/PUMC分區(qū)劃線法CAMS/PUMCbackCAMS/PUMCCAMS/PUMC培養(yǎng)基（Culture medium）Substances used for artificial cultivation of bacteria. CAMS/PUMCNutrient requirements of bacterial growth water Carbon source Nitrogen source Minerals Growth factors o

3、rganic compounds such as amino acids, purines嘌呤, pyrimidines嘧啶, and vitamins that a cell must have for growth but cannot synthesize itself. CAMS/PUMCClassification of culture mediumAccording to basic ingredients:Minimal essential growth medium基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基enriched medium營(yíng)養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)基selective medium選擇培養(yǎng)基differentia

4、l medium鑒別培養(yǎng)基CAMS/PUMCAccording to physical conditionliquid medium液體培養(yǎng)基solid medium固體培養(yǎng)基 1.52.5% of agar semisolid medium半固體培養(yǎng)基0.30.5% of agar CAMS/PUMC Phenomena of bacterial growth細(xì)菌在培養(yǎng)基中的生長(zhǎng)情況In liquid medium： surface growth pellicle表面生長(zhǎng), uniformly turbid均勻混濁生長(zhǎng), sediment in bottom沉淀生長(zhǎng) CAMS/PUMC菌膜菌

5、沉淀均勻渾濁對(duì)照CAMS/PUMCCAMS/PUMCIn semisolid medium無動(dòng)力 有動(dòng)力CAMS/PUMC抗菌用品抑菌功效試驗(yàn)步驟將同一人雙前臂暴露自來水沖洗數(shù)秒分別用舒膚佳及拉芳香皂，自上而下涂抹前臂三次自來水沖洗數(shù)秒將瓊脂棒貼在雙前臂皮膚表面5分鐘放入無菌培養(yǎng)皿中37 培養(yǎng)24小時(shí)通過菌落數(shù)的觀察判斷抑菌效果咽部正常菌群的采樣、培養(yǎng)咽拭子擦拭咽部，平行劃線法接種于羊血平皿CAMS/PUMCCAMS/PUMC未消毒手的細(xì)菌采樣培養(yǎng)將10 ml液體培養(yǎng)基加入無菌手套內(nèi)充分洗手混勻后吸出用棉棒進(jìn)行密集接種CAMS/PUMC密集接種用無菌棉棒兒蘸取菌液將多余菌液在液面上方管壁內(nèi)輕輕旋轉(zhuǎn)擠出，涂布在瓊脂平板整個(gè)平面三次，每次旋轉(zhuǎn)60度，最后沿平板內(nèi)緣涂抹一周，以取得均勻接種CAMS/PUMC采樣結(jié)束