非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中用作定語(yǔ)

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作定語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)句子中，不定式todo,分詞v+ing和v+ed以及動(dòng)名詞v+ing是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，除不能作謂語(yǔ)外，其他成份都可擔(dān)當(dāng)，其中一個(gè)成份就是作定語(yǔ)。不定式todo在句中作定語(yǔ)置于被修飾名詞后，常同該名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要是不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)加上必要的介詞。例：Ihavesomethingtosay.（tosaysomething）Ilgliveyouamagazinetoread.Thatisagoodcompanytoworkfor.Heisapleasantfellowtoworkwith.Wouldyoubringmeabenchtositon?有些名詞常接不定

2、式作定語(yǔ)，如：chance,time,reason,way,effort,right（權(quán)利）,movement等，例：Youhavenatnyreasontoleaveme.Youhavenorighttodosuchathing.Hesucceededinhisefforttoovercomehisfatalweakness.Heputhimselfoutofthewaytohelpothers.Wehavenotimetolose.Thankyouforgivingmethechancetomakethespeech.Thefirst,thelast,thesecond,thebest等常

3、與不定式連用作定語(yǔ)。例：Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.Shewouldbethelasttoagreetoourplan.Youarethesecondtoaskmethatquestion.Ildlomypoorbesttofixitup.當(dāng)togo,tospare作“剩下”講時(shí)可作定語(yǔ)。例：Hehadfiveminutestogobeforetimewasup.Theyhadonly100dollarstospare.不定式用在某些句子中作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，表示動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生。例：Therearemanydifficultiestoovercome.=Therear

4、emanydifficultiesthatwillhavetobeovercome.Hehasalargefamilytosupport.=Hehasalargefamilythathemustsupport.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞在句中都可以作定語(yǔ)，但在語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)間概念上有區(qū)別，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過去分詞表被動(dòng)，在時(shí)間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而過去分詞則表示動(dòng)作完成。例：boilingwater（主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行）boiledwater（被動(dòng)、完成）有時(shí)過去分詞則表示被動(dòng)，不表示完成的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作的完成，不表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。例： TOC o 1-5 h z t

5、hefallenleaves（動(dòng)作已完成）developedcountries（動(dòng)作已完成）aninterestedparty（被動(dòng)）單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)置于被修飾詞前。例：Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Helitafireandfromittookaburningstick.Americaisadevelopedcountry.有些單個(gè)分詞（尤其是現(xiàn)在分詞）作定語(yǔ)時(shí)也可以置于被修飾詞之后，特別如一些不定代詞anything,something,everything,nothing等則應(yīng)后置。例： TOC o 1-5 h z theexperiencegained（獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)）

6、forthetimebeing（暫時(shí)）foryearsrunning（一連數(shù)年）Shefoundthewindowopenandsomethingstolen.Thereisnothingdoing.Thereisnothinginterestingintodaypsaper.Theycanseeeverythinghappeningontheline.Isthereanythinginterestinginthebook?分詞短語(yǔ)置于被修飾詞之后Thepenlyingonthetablebelongstoyou.Theboymakingfacesismyson.Ilikesongsperfo

7、rmedbyMaoAming.其實(shí)作定語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)可以擴(kuò)展為定語(yǔ)從句。如上述三句可改為：Thepenwhichislyingonthetablebelongstoyou.Theboywhoismakingfacesismyson.IlikesongswhichwasperformedbyMaoAming.現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)（現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚┱谶M(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或者表示某經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例：Canyouseethestarmovinginthesky?Thereisapianostandinginthecorner.如果分詞所表示的動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作不一致，不能使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而

8、應(yīng)使用定語(yǔ)從句。例：Iwanttoknowthemanbreakingthewindow.（X）Break的動(dòng)作是先發(fā)生上例不能用現(xiàn)在分詞，應(yīng)改為定語(yǔ)從句。如：.whobrokethewindow.Doyouknowanyonehavinglostmoney.（X）Doyouknowanyonewholostmoney.（V）因此我們就知道在那種情況下定語(yǔ)從句可以用現(xiàn)在分詞代替，即：定語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間同主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間一致時(shí)。例：Didyouseetheman（whowas）talkingtotheheadmaster?Thehospitalwhichstands/standingac

9、rossthestreetwassetuplastyear.（stands表示一個(gè)經(jīng)常性的狀態(tài)）過去分詞在時(shí)間上，表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間，表示與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作；或表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用being+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Isthisthebookwritten（whichwaswritten）byHenryJames?Hewasthenateacherrespected（whowasrespected）byallhisstudents.Thematterbeingdiscussed（whichisbeingdiscussed）isofgreatimportance.Hewas

10、invitedtoameetingtobeheld（whichwastobeheld）thenextday.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞單個(gè)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)也置于被修飾詞前，表示被修飾詞的用途、類屬等。例；awritingtable=atableforwriting（動(dòng)名詞）asleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping（現(xiàn)在分詞）aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming（動(dòng)名詞）awaitingroom=aroomforwaiting（動(dòng)名詞）drinkingwater=waterfordrinking（動(dòng)名詞）Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudi

11、nthereadingroom.（動(dòng)名詞）Thatisashopdealinginwalkingstick.（動(dòng)名詞）Thesleepingchildwasinasoundsleep.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Allbedroomsinthishotelhavehotcoldrunningwater.（現(xiàn)在分詞）從上述看，單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作前置定語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在分詞和被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，表示被修飾名詞自身發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，而動(dòng)名詞和被修飾的名詞不表示這種關(guān)系，只表示與被修飾名詞的用途、類屬等。動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)可定語(yǔ)。例：Heisinthehabitofrisingearly.（

12、ofrising修飾名詞habit）Shehasagoodideaofplayingsnowball.（ofplaying修飾名詞idea）有些名詞有時(shí)也可接不定式和其接“介詞動(dòng)名詞”在意義上沒有區(qū)別。例：Thatisthewayofsettingtheproblem.That is the way to settle the 這類名詞常用的有：That is the way to settle the 這類名詞常用的有：time for doing sth.Time to do sth.Freedom in doing sth.Freedom to do sth.Failure in doi

13、ng sth.Failure to do sth.Choice of doing sth.Choice to do blem.Reason of doing sth.Reason to do sth.Chance of doing sth.Chance to do sth.Patience in doing sthPatience to do sth.Opportunity of doing sth.Opportunity to do sth.但有些名詞和purpose,method,idea,habit等后面只能接of+動(dòng)名詞，不接不定式，有些名詞如promise,effort,desire

14、,attempt,ability,refusal,determination,failure不接of+動(dòng)名詞，但可以接不定式。例：Itissurprisingthattheyshouldchoosethismethodofpassingtheevening.(不用methodtopass)Theoldmanisinthehabitofreadingthenewspaperatbreakfast.(不用habittodo)Idonttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.(不用promiseofcoming)Shehadpersistedinherrefusaltospen

15、dChristmasinBursley.(不用refusalofspending)Buthiseffortstogetherbackwerevain.(不用effortsofgetting)示例考題1-Whatdoyouthinkofthemiddleschool?-Itisaverygood_.A.schooltostudyB.SchooltostudyinC.StudyingschoolD.schoolforchildrentostudy解析從本題的答案看并結(jié)合提干的要求接上一個(gè)名詞school,后在這個(gè)名詞后面使用不定式作該名詞的定語(yǔ)，從答案中看給的不定式tostudy,在此是作不及物動(dòng)

16、詞，因此不定式的后面應(yīng)加上一個(gè)介詞in才合乎題意，所以選B?？碱}2Snowwasfallingwhentheywentalongamountainpathtothefront.A.toleadB.LedC.LeadingD.beingled解析據(jù)題意提干前有一個(gè)名詞path,其后是介詞組tothefront,即要求一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞和tothefront連成現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)修飾名詞path作定語(yǔ)，path名詞雖表示物不能使用過去分詞，是小路本身延伸到前線的，所以選C?？碱}3Theysetupantableinasmalltempletooperateonthesoldiers.A.operating;w

17、oundedB.Operated;woundingC.operated;/woundedD.operating;wounding解析據(jù)題意在第一個(gè)提干里應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞作tale的名詞的定語(yǔ)，修飾table，說明戰(zhàn)士是被槍擊傷的即受傷的士兵，表被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作，所以選A。訓(xùn)練Thecadretoldmethathehadameeting.A.toattendB.AttendC.AttendingD.tobeattendedHeaskedforapieceofpaperandapen.towrite;towriteB.Towrite;towriteonC.Towriteon;towritewithD.wr