新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)(上)八種時態(tài)

1、新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)（上）八種時態(tài)一時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，一般過去時，現(xiàn)在完成時一般將來時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去完成時，過去將來時一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動作或一般性事實。含有be動詞的句子Heisateacher.Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Isheateacher?Isthegirlverybeautiful?AreTimandJackstudents?變否定句在be動詞后面加notHeisnotateacher.Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.TimandJackar

2、enotstudents.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.不含有動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞Helikesbooks.Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.變疑問句在句首加does,動詞變?yōu)樵虳oeshelikebooks?Doesshelikehim?Doesthedoglikebones?變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesnt,動詞變?yōu)樵虷edoesntlikebooks.Shedoesntlikehim.Thedogd

3、oesntlikebones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesnt.Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesntYes,itdoes.No,itdoesnt.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加S,不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.變疑問句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabath?Dowehaveanymeat?Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?變否定句在主

4、語和動詞之間加dont.Youdontwanttohaveabath.Wedonthaveanymeat.Thestudentsdontlikesmartteachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ido.No,Idont.Yes,wedo.No,wedontYes,theydo.No,theydont.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。構(gòu)成：主語+be動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分（現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄）Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.變疑問

5、句將be動詞移到句首Arewehavinglunch?Ishereadingabook?Isthedogrunningafteracat?Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?變否定句在be動詞后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.特殊疑問句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑問詞動詞主語現(xiàn)在分詞Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshedoing?Whati

6、sthedogdoing?（必背）沒有進(jìn)行時的動詞表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動作表示感覺，感官的詞see,hear,like,love,want,have,has當(dāng)”擁有”講時沒有進(jìn)行時一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,含有be動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am,is的過去式為was，are的過去式為wereIwasatthebutchers.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautif

7、ultenyearsago.變疑問句將be動詞移動到句首Wereyouatthebutchers?Wereyouastudentayearago?Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?變否定句在be動詞后面加notIwasnotatthebutchers.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.肯定回答否定回答Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.特

8、殊疑問句：Whatdidyoudo?（必背）不含有be動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式，動詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.KingStreetayearago.變疑問句在句首加did,動詞變?yōu)樵虳idyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?Didtheboygotoarestaurant?DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?KingStreetayearago?變否定句在主

9、語和動詞之間加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.KingStreetayearago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Idid.No,Ididnt.Yes,hedid.No,hedidnt.Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.現(xiàn)在完成時構(gòu)成：主語+助動詞have,has+過去分詞用法：表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作，常和just,usually,already,since等時間副詞連用Ihaveju

10、sthadlunch.（飽了，不用再吃了）Hehashadacupoftea.（不渴了，不用再喝）Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.（不能再度假了）Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.（已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）2）詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?HaveyoubeentoBeijing?Haveheseenthefilm?3）表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor

11、1year.4）表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗：去過地方，做過事情，經(jīng)歷過事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去過，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.（人已經(jīng)回來）HehasgonetoLondon.（人還在那里）表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時間副詞聯(lián)用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動詞移到句首

12、，變否定句在助動詞后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.特殊疑問句：Whathaveyoudone?Whathashedone?一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為過去時注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時間狀語連用錯：IveleftBeijingfor3days.對：IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.一般將來時表示將來將要發(fā)生的動作，經(jīng)常和t

13、omorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehourstime,etc.表示將來的詞聯(lián)用結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+助動詞will+動詞原形IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.變疑問句將助動詞移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?Will

14、Jackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?變否定句在助動詞后面加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.特殊疑問句：Whatwillyoudo?過去完成時：用法：在過去的時間里，兩個動作

15、中，發(fā)生在前的哪個動作要用過去完成時結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號，如果放在主句后則不用加。變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework?變否定句在助動詞后面加notShehadntfinishedherhomework.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,sheh

16、ad.No,shehadnt.特殊疑問句：Whathadshedone?過去進(jìn)行時表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作，經(jīng)常用在when,while,as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doingWhenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.8過去將來時結(jié)構(gòu)：woulddoShesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)（中）句型和詞二.特殊句型：t

17、herebe句型，begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)Begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計劃做某事結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be動詞+goingto+動詞原型Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?Aretheygoingtopaintit?Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?變否定句在be動詞后面加notIamnotgoingtomak

18、eabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Yes,heis.No,heisnot.特殊疑問句Whatareyougoingtodo?Whataretheygoingtodo?Whatisthefathergoingtodo?（必背）Therebe句型表示哪里有什么東西（某處有某物）Thereis+單數(shù)名詞+表示場所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）Thereisabookinth

19、isroom.ThereisapenonthetableThereare+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+表示場所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）Therearetwopensonthetable.Therearethreeschoolsthere.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Isthereabookinthisroom?Aretheretwopensonthetable?變否定句在動詞后面加notThereisnotabookinthisroom.Therearenottwopensonthetable.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.Yes,thereare.No,thereareno

20、t.三問句：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句一般疑問句：助動詞/be動詞+主語Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?2特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+般疑問句Whatisyourname?2選擇疑問句：orDoyouwantbeeforlamb?2反意疑問句：肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分Youdontneedthatpen,doyou?2否定疑問句：一般疑問句+否定詞Arentyoulucky?Dontyouwanthavearest?四.冠詞用法：a/an/the的一般用法（詳細(xì)見筆記）五限定詞：

21、some,any,many,much2some,any修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當(dāng)期待對方的答案為肯定回答時用some2many修飾可數(shù)名詞,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞,在口語中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.Ihavealotofmoney.Idonthavemuchmoney.六名詞：種類,復(fù)數(shù),名詞所有格1名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞2不可數(shù)名詞無法分開的東西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice（米）抽象的東西：love,beauty,coldness（寒冷）不可

22、數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：不能用a,an修飾不能加s和單數(shù)be動詞或動詞搭配2可數(shù)名詞：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s,名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化：規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般情況+Se.g.shellshellsbookbooks規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾+ese.g.foxfoxeschurchchurches,busbuses,watchwatches規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾+s或+ese.g.potatopotatoes,NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes,（口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿），剩下一般加s,radioradios規(guī)則

23、4以f,fe結(jié)尾的，變f,fe為vese.g.lifeliveshalfhalves,shelfshelves,citycities,wifewives規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ese.g.skyskiesflyflies不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)manwomanfootgoosetooth復(fù)數(shù)menwomenfeetgeeseteeth單數(shù)childsheepdeermousefish復(fù)數(shù)childrensheepdeermicefish七介詞（注意總結(jié)書上詞組）八副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化u副詞可以修飾形容詞，動詞，副詞或整個句子。如：Thebookisverygood.H

24、erunsfast.Shecameherequiteearly.CertainlyIwillgowithyou.u變化：1直接在形容詞后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I,加-ly,happy-happily,lucky-luckily有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化fast,hard,late有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)：neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,九.情態(tài)動詞的使用：can,must,may,might,need,情態(tài)動詞can（能夠），must（必須

25、），may（可以）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+can/must/may+動詞原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglish.變疑問句將情態(tài)動詞移到句首Canhemakethetea?CanSallyairtheroom?CanwespeakEnglish?變否定句在情態(tài)動詞后面加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.WecannotspeakEnglish.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.Yes,wecan.No,weca

26、nnot.特殊疑問句：Whatcanyoudo?（必背）注意：情態(tài)動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動詞或動詞后面加S。Must/haveto的區(qū)別must表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，haveto是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而havetodo可以用在任何時態(tài)must,may,might表示猜測：mustdo表示對現(xiàn)在事實的猜測musthavedone表示對過去事實的猜測musthavebeendoing表示對過去正在進(jìn)行的事實的猜測may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示沒有任何事實依據(jù)的猜測，might的可能

27、性更小。cant/couldnt表示不可能need用法：表示“需要”時為實意動詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：Ineedapen.Doyouneedanybeer?No,Idont.Ineedtohavearest.uNeeddoing二needtobedone，表示被動Theflowersneedwatering.Need在否定時做情態(tài)動詞使用Youneedntgosoearly.=Youdontneedtogosoearly.MustIcleanthedeskrightnow?No,youneednt.十.不定代詞及不定副詞：Someanynoeverythingsomethingan

28、ythingnothingeverythingonesomeoneanyoneanythingeveryonewheresomewhereanywhereanywhereeverywherebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybodyIlookedformybookeverywhere,butIcantfinditanywhere.Ifyouwantgosomewhere,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup.Help!Somebody?Anybody?Youarereallysomething.Sinceeverybodyishere,

29、letsbeginourclass.Wheredidyougo?Iwentnowhere.Nobodyisathome.Ihavenothingleft.新概念英語第一冊語法總結(jié)（下）句型和語法十一感嘆句：What+名詞+主語+謂語Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!How+形容詞+主語+謂語Howbeautifulthegirlis!十二祈使句：第二人稱：let+其他人稱代詞祈使句的否定，加dont反意疑問祈使句（第二人稱）祈使句表示請求，命令，建議，邀請等，謂語動詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆好或者句號，用降調(diào)?？隙ň鋭釉~原型例，Comehere,please.G

30、odownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Becareful.祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號隔開，放在句首或者句尾Comein,Amy.Sitdownhere,Tom.Mary,givemeabookplease.否定：Dont+動詞原型Dontcomehere.Dontsitdown.Dontstandup.Dontgivemeit.letsb.doLetmepass.Letushavearest.Letshavearest.（反意疑問）：Letshaveawalkalongtheriver,shallwe?Letusgooutforadrink,willyou?十三.倒裝句：so/neither的倒裝eg.Hecanswim.SocanI.Ididntgotoclass.NeitherdidI.結(jié)構(gòu)：so/neither+be+主語so/neither+助動詞+主語so/n