IGCSE經(jīng)濟(jì)重點(diǎn)詞匯

1、 -CAL-本頁僅作為文檔封面，使用請(qǐng)直接刪除3 Key TermsWorkforce unemploymentMeaning勞動(dòng)力DefinitionLabour force or working population in an economy includes the number of unemployed and employed plus self-employed.Unemployment occurs when people of working age are both willing and able to work but cannot findemployment.Un

2、employment rate失業(yè)率 Unemployment rate is the numberpercentage of the total workforce.America 4.1% , Oct. 2017)of unemployed Frictional 摩擦的 Frictional unemployment is the transitionalunemployment that occurs when people change jobs, due Seasonaltechnologica lYouth unemployment季節(jié)的技術(shù)的青年失業(yè)Seasonal unempl

3、oyment is caused by regular and periodical changes in demand for certain products. For example, fruit pickers are in high demand during the summer months while retailers tend to hire more temporary workers during the Christmas season. Technological unemployment occurs when workers lose intensive tec

4、hnologies. This can cause large scale unemployment in certain industries. For example, supermarkets in Europe introduced self-service checkouts in 2009. Their huge success and cost savings for supermarkets and other retailers mean that fewer workers need to be hired.Youth unemployment affects the wo

5、rking population aged 21 or below because they have relatively fewer likely to be affected during an economic downturn. Regional 地區(qū)的 Regional unemployment occurs when unemploymentaffects specific geographical areas of the country. While busy central business districts tend to havehigher rates of emp

6、loyment, remote rural areas have4toto work. This usually existsrelatively generous welfarerelatively high rates of unemployment.StructuralvoluntaryclassicalcyclicalProtectionis t measuresSupply-side policies結(jié)構(gòu)的古典的周期性的保護(hù)主義 措施供給側(cè)政 策Structural unemployment occurs when the demand for policy.Voluntary un

7、employment occurs when workers choose not benefits for theunemployed as well as high rates of income tax, thus creating disincentives to work at current market wage rates.Classical unemployment occurs when real wage rates the case of a national minimum wage. This leads to Cyclical unemployment, also known a demand-deficient unemployment, is the most severe type of unemployment competition. For example, the Japanese government reduction in trade union power