holiday and festivals大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程課文翻譯

1、 Passage:Holiday refers to the day set apart for religious observance or for the commemoration of some extraordinary event total stoppage of work and normal business activities, including feasting, parades and carnivals, or displays of flags and speechmaking.Originally, in ancient times, holidays we

2、re predominantly religious in character and linked to natural events such as the annual course of the sun or the phases of the moon. The word holiday, in fact, is derived from holyday. Subsequently, secular holidays commemorating historical occasions or distinguished persons outnumbered holy days, a

3、lthough many ancient religious rituals and customs have been carried over into modern times and incorporated into both secular and religious observations. Today, the outstanding holiday is one of religious observance and abstention from normal work routines, taking place on Sunday for Christians, Fr

4、iday for Muslims, and Saturday for Jews. In the U.S. , Sunday is not only a religious holiday but is also the only common-law holiday.National holidays are set aside by official government proclamation to celebratesuch occasions as the achievement of independence, the founding of the nation, the ado

5、ption of a constitution, the birthday of the ruler, or the national patron saints day.The U.S. has no national holidays as such legal holidays on which banks, schools, or other public institutions and most places of business are closed are designated by legislative enactment or by executive proclama

6、tion. Congress and the president designate the legal holidays for the District of Columbia and the federal territories but are without power to declare national holidays. Independence Day and other holidays are observed on a national scale as a result of action by the calendar date and requests nati

7、onal observance, and the states then usually enact the necessary legislation. Federal statutes often specify certain days as holidays for purposes related to the legislation.In order to give federal employees three-day weekends, a 1968 federal law madeseveral changes in dates of holiday observances,

8、 effective in 1971: Washingtons Birthday now falls on the third Monday in February; Memorial Day, on the last Monday inMay; Columbus Day, on the second Monday in October. Individual states later adopted these Monday holidays.A number of states commemorate important events in their history. In Vermon

9、t, for example, the Battle of Bennington, fought in the American Revolution, is commemorated annually on August 16; in Louisiana the Battle of New Orleans of the War of 1812 is commemorated on January 8; Patriots Day, commemorating the first battle of the American Revolution, is celebrated on or abo

10、ut April 19 in Massachusetts and Maine; and several southern states celebrate a confederate Memorial Day on different days in the spring.Translate Reference：假日是由于宗教儀式，或?yàn)榧o(jì)念某些特殊事件或著名人物而特地指定的日往伴有公眾或私人慶祝會(huì)，包括參加宴會(huì)、游行、狂歡會(huì)，或者參觀旗幟展覽和做演講等。日，穆斯林是星期五，猶太人則是星期六。在美國(guó)，星期日不僅是宗教節(jié)日而且還是惟一的習(xí)慣法定假日。法定假日是由官方政府宣布的假日，用于慶祝特殊歷史

11、事件，如獲得獨(dú)立，國(guó)家建立，憲法實(shí)施，統(tǒng)治者誕辰，或圣徒紀(jì)念日。恩節(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)吧，總統(tǒng)指定日歷上的日期，建議全國(guó)舉國(guó)歡慶。然后，州政府通常就應(yīng)。為了給聯(lián)邦政府雇員提供為期三天的周末，1968 年的一項(xiàng)聯(lián)邦法案對(duì)假日 1971 2 月的第3 個(gè)星期一；陣亡將士紀(jì)念日是 5 月的最后一個(gè)星期一；哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲紀(jì)念日為 10 月的第 2 個(gè)星期一；退伍軍人節(jié)是 10 月的第 4 個(gè)星期一。各個(gè)獨(dú)立州后來(lái)都采納了這些星期一假日。許多州都紀(jì)念本州發(fā)生的重要?dú)v史事件。假如，在佛蒙特每年都會(huì)在 8 月16 日紀(jì)念為美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而戰(zhàn)的本寧頓戰(zhàn)役。路易斯安那州在 1 月 8 日紀(jì)念1821 年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的新奧爾良戰(zhàn)役。為

12、紀(jì)念美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的首次戰(zhàn)役的愛(ài)國(guó)者日，于每年的 4 月 19 時(shí)候，南方各州會(huì)有聯(lián)邦陣亡將士紀(jì)念日。Passage:The Story of Mothers dayThe earliest Mothers Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor of Rhea, the Mother of the Gods. During the 1600 s, England celebrated a day called Mothering Sunday . Cele

13、brated on the 4 th Sunday of lent, Mothering Sunday honored the mothers of England.During this time many of the England s poor worked as servants for the wealthy.As most jobs were located far from their homes, the servants would live at the housesof their employees. On Mothering Sunday the servants

14、would have the day off and were encouraged to return home and spend the day with their mothers. A special cake, called the mothering cake, was often brought along to provide a festive touch.As Christianity spread throughout Europe the celebration changed to honor theMother Church the spiritual power

15、 that gave them life and protected them from harm.Over time the church festival blended with the Mothering Sunday celebration. Peoplebegan honoring their mothers as well as the church.In the Unite States Mothers Day was first suggested in 1872 by Julia Ward Howe as a day dedicated to peace. Ms. Howe

16、 would hold organized Mothers Day meetings in Boston every year.In 1907 Ana Jarvis, from Philadelphia , began a campaign to establish a nationalMothers day. Ms. Jarvis persuaded her mothers church in Grafton, West Virginia to celebrate Mothers Day on the second anniversary of her mothers death, the

17、second Sunday of May. By the next year Mothers Day was also celebrated in Philadelphia .Ms. Jarvis and her supporters began to write to ministers, businessman, and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mothers Day. It was successful as by 1911Mothers Day was celebrated in almost every s

18、tate. President Woodrow Wilson, in 1914, made the official announcement proclaiming Mothers Day as a national holiday that was to be held each year on the second Sunday of May.While many countries of the world celebrate their own Mothers Day at differenttimes throughout the year, there are some countries such as Denmark , Finland , Italy ,Turkey , Australia , and Belgium which also celebrate Mothers Day on the second Sunday of M