單詞變形、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換一遍過 2022年中考英語考前練

1、02 單詞變形、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換一通過2022年中考英語考前名師絕招詞形變換是各地中考中的一個(gè)保留題型，它所涉及到的形式主要包括：名詞的數(shù)與格；代詞及其格（主 格、賓格、所有格）：數(shù)詞的形式（基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞）：動(dòng)詞（單數(shù)第三人稱、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞）及 非謂語動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞）；形容詞，副詞及其比較等級(jí)；反義詞和同音異義詞等。詞形變換 題一般有三種出題形式：一種是按括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求轉(zhuǎn)換詞形；一種是根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式 填空；還有一種是括號(hào)內(nèi)給出漢語，要求根據(jù)句子意思及所給漢語提示，寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。 第一種題型，即按括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求變換詞形比較簡單，要做好它靠平時(shí)

2、多積累，強(qiáng)化記憶即可。第二、三種 題型較復(fù)雜，它涉及動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及各類詞之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化等。解題技巧.通讀全句，弄清句意；.弄清所給單詞的詞義、詞性以及具體要求。.要考慮到該詞所處的語境及其他詞對它的限制:.注意單詞拼寫務(wù)必正確。單詞變形、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換一、中考英語詞形變換類型（前后綴）1 .動(dòng)詞t名詞(l)v.+er(or/r)表示相應(yīng)動(dòng)作的人或者職業(yè)winwinnerplayplayerlistenlistenerloveloversleepsleepcrworkworkeractactordirectdirectordancedancerdesigndesignerreportreporte

3、rleadleaderownownerdrivedriverspeak 一 speakertraveltraveler/travellersingsingerwrite writerrunrunnerinventinventorvisitvisitordivediverexploreexplorerlight*fighterpaintpaintermanagemanagerinterviewinterviewer(2)v.+ing表示相應(yīng)動(dòng)作的名詞swimswimming cookcooking drawdrawing h 汰 ehiking meetmeeting painWpainting

4、 readreading beginbcginning buildbuilding write 一 writing walkwalking skateskating skiskiing meanmeaning feel feeling(3)v.+tion/ation/sion 大多為抽象名詞 operateoperation organizeorganization collectcollection communicatecommunication congratulatecongratulation directdirection donatedonationeducateeducatio

5、n introduceintroductioneducateeducation introduceintroductioninventinvention inviteinvitation celebratecelebration suggestsuggestion pollutepollution protect-protection actactionpronouncepronunciation connectconnection considerconsideration correctcorrectioncreatecreation describedescription examine

6、examination imagineimagination produceproduction competecompetition composecomposition decidedecision discussdiscussion expressexpression(4)v.+ment大多為抽象名詞governgovernment developdevelopmentagree 一 agreement manage 一 management achieveachievementtreattreatmentenjoyenjoymentexciteexcitementimprove 一 i

7、 mprovementmovemovementpunishpunishmcnt(5)其他choosechoicediedeathmarrymarriageserveservicethinkThought weighweight actactressappearappearance succeedsuccessfail failurediscoverdiscovery2 .動(dòng)詞形容詞(l)v.+ing/ed(d)+ ing修飾物，v+ed修飾人 exciteexciting/excitcd amaze amazing/amazed satisfy-satisfying/salisfied fri

8、ghtenfrighten ing/frightened interest interest! ng/interested relaxrelaxing/relaxcdboreboring/bored tiretiring/tired surprisesurprising/surprisedpleasepleasing/pleasedsafesafely(2)e.+tive(2)變 y 為 i+lyact-activeeasyeasilycreatecreativehappyhappilycomparecomparativeheavyheavily（3）其他luckyluckilywakeawa

9、keunluckyunluckilylivealivehealthyhealthilysleepasleep(3)去 e+ydie*dcad(im)possible(im)possibly3.形容詞T副詞probableprobably(l)adj.+lysimplesimplycarefulcarefullycomfortablecomfortablycheapcheaply4 .形容詞t名詞certaincertainly(l)adj. +nessbravebravelyhappyhappinessdifferent-differentlykindkindnessclear-clearly

10、sicksicknessbeautiful-beautifullysadsadnessbrightbrightlyshyshynesscorrectcorrectlyillillnessdeepdccply(2)adj. (-e)+(i)ty(y)finalfinallysafesafetypolitepolitelydifficultdifTicultyusualusuallyactiveactivitywidewidelycreativecreativityslow-+slowlypossiblepossibilityrecentrecentlyimpossibleimpossibilit

11、yregular-regularlyinternationalintemationalityquickquicklysocialsocialityelectricelectricity electricelectricity (3)adj.-t+cesilentsilenceconfidentconfidence patientpatience diflercntdifference important importance excellentexcellence absentabsence(4)其他weighweight high 一 height deepdepth true-*truth

12、youngyouth fbreignfbreigner strangestranger medicalmedicine free freedombasicbasis5 .名詞一形容詞(l)n. +y多為表示天氣的名詞snowsnowysunsunnycloudcloudy fogifbggy shineshiny rainrainy windwindytaste tastyhealth-healthynoisenoisyfiin 一 ftinnyluckluckysleep-sleepysaltsalty(2)n.+ful多為抽象意義的名詞wonderwonderfulcolour/color

13、colourfiil/colorfulcheercheerfulsuccesssuccessfulpowerpowerfulpeacepeacefulcarecarefulhelphelpfilluseusefulharmharmfulmeaningmeaningfulbeautybeautifuljoyjoyfulpainpainfulpowerpowerfultruthtruthfillforceforcefulthankthankfulregretregretful(3)n. +alpersonpersonaltradition traditionalmusicmusicaleducat

14、ioneducationalculture 一 culturalnaturenaturalpracticepracticalcentrecentraltypetypicalsocietysocial(4)n.+less相應(yīng)形容詞的反義詞carecarelesshopehopelesshelphelplessharmharmlesshomehomelessuseuselessmeaningmcaninglessendendless(5)n.+ly多為表示時(shí)間的名詞daydailyweekweeklylovelovelyfriend friendly(6)n.+e(r)nn.+em,多為表示方位的

15、名詞;n.+en,多為表示物質(zhì)的名詞northnorthemsouthsouthernwestwestemeasteastemwoodwoodengoldgolden(7)n.+ous多為抽象意義的名詞humorhumorousdangerdangerouscouragecourageousfame famous(8)n.+ablevalue 一 valuablefashion fashionablecomfbrtcomfortable knowledgeknowledgeable reason-treasonablereusereusable(9)表示國家的名詞變形容詞America Ame

16、ricanBritainBritishChinChineseEnglandEnglishFrance FrenchJapanJapaneseGermanyGermanIndia IndianItaly-Italian(10)其他energyenergeticfoolfoolishprideproudhappyunhappyhungerhungrynecessaryunnecessary6 .名詞一名詞pleasantunpleasant(l)n.+istpopularunpopular表示相應(yīng)的職業(yè)usualunusualsciencescientistluckyunluckyartartis

17、teasyuneasypianopianistcrowdeduncrowdedtour*touristexpectedunexpectedviolinviolinistbelievableunbelievable(2)n. +ian(2)加dis-變反義詞表示相應(yīng)的職業(yè)appeardisappearhistoryhistoriancoverdiscovermagicmagicianhonestdishonestmusicmusicianlikexiislikelibrary librarianagreedisagree(3)其他appointdisappointbirthbirthdaybcl

18、iefdisbelieffriend friendshipable*disableclass*classmate(3)加im-變反義詞fann farmerpatientimpatient7.加前綴un,dis,im,in變反義詞possibleimpossible(1)加un變反義詞politeimpolitecomfortableuncomfortable(4)加in-變反義詞ableunabledependentindependentfriendlyunfriendlyexpensiveinexpensivefair-unfaircorrectincorrectlikeunlike二、中

19、考英語詞型變換匯總(語法)一、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)類.規(guī)則變化：(1) 一般情況加girls, books, pens, bags, boys, days(2)以 s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾力口es,如：buses, boxes, watches, brushes(3)以。結(jié)尾的名詞，無生命的名詞多加s,有生命的名詞多加(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i力口es,如:citycities, storystories(5)以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變 f 或 fe 為 v 加es。如：lea Jleaves, knifeknives, shelfshelves, wife wives

20、等。.不規(guī)則變化的名詞要熟記：manmen, womanwomen, childchildren,foot feet, toothteeth, mousemice, peoplepcople,sheep sheep, ChineseChinese, Japanese Japanese, deerdeer 二、動(dòng)詞/名詞變形容詞類.在動(dòng)詞后加后綴ful如：care*carefiil , use*useful;thankthankful helphelpful;wonderwonderful, fbrgeWforgetful.在名詞后加y如：lucklucky, cloudcloudy;windw

21、indy, rainrainy;sunsunny, snowsnowynoise-noisy, health-healthy.在名詞后加-ly如：friendfriendly, lovelovely, daydaily.方位名詞加-ern如：easteastern westwestemsouthsouthem, northnorthem 三、形容詞加后綴變成名詞.形容詞加-ty變成名詞如：safesafety, difficultdifficulty.形容詞加-th變成名詞如：truetruth, warrmwarmth, youngyouth四、形容詞變副詞類形容詞修飾名詞、代詞等作定語或表

22、語；副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞作狀語。. 一般形容詞詞尾加-ly變成副詞，如：slowslowly, clearclearlyquickquickly, quietquietlycarefulcarefully sudden-suddenlyrealreally, politepolitelysafesafely, widewidely.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，要變y為i加ly如：easyeasily, happyhappilyheavyheavily, luckyluckilybusybusily, angryangrily;.以元音字母+e結(jié)尾，去e加ly如：trueTruly.以輔音字

23、母加結(jié)尾，去e加y如：terrible一terribly possiblepossibly.形容詞與副詞同形如：fast-fast earlyearly, highhigh, hardhard.注意：hard作形容詞時(shí)意思是”困難的；硬的；生硬的”等；作副詞時(shí)意思是“努力地。hardly是否 定副詞，意思是“幾乎不”。五、動(dòng)詞變名詞類.動(dòng)詞加變成名詞如： workworker farm* farmer teachteachersingsinger speakspeaker playplayerreadreader drivedriver writewriterrideridcr danceda

24、ncer run runnerwinwinner cookcooker travel traveler.動(dòng)詞加or變成名詞如：visitvisitor, invent-inventor, conductconductor, act* actor六、基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞類：主要掌握好1一12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23這幾個(gè)序數(shù)詞的形式：onefirst twentytwentiethtwo second thirty thirtieththree-third forty fortiethfour fourth fifty fiftiethfive * fifth

25、 sixty -sixtiethsix sixth seventy seventiethseven一 seventh eighty eightietheight eighth ninety ninetiethnineninthten tentheleven eleventhtwelve twelfthtwenty-one twenty-firsttwenty-two * twenty-secondtwenty-three twenty-third七、形容詞與副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)類.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)構(gòu)成部分雙音節(jié)詞或以形容詞加ly變成的副詞和多音節(jié)詞，在其前加more, mos

26、t變成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。如：interesting more interesting, most interestingbeautiful more beautiful, 一 most beautifulslowly more slowly, most slowlyquickly more quickly, most quickly不規(guī)則變化：good-betterbest wellbetterbestmany more*most muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar*farthcr/further farthest/furthestill worse worstbad/

27、badly worse worstold older/elder oldest/eldest.原級(jí)：as+adj ./adv. + as .（肯定）”和一樣”，not as / so+adj./adv.+as .（否定）”和不一樣不如八、常見的反義詞：.動(dòng)詞buy sell take bringremember - forget die livelove - hate rise fallask answer start finishmiss catch pull pushgo come end borrow.形容詞little - much short - tall / longfree bu

28、sy full emptyfew many good 一 badwhite - black careful-carelessdead living cheap expensiveclean dirty easy difficultwet 一 dry same differentopen closed strong weaklight - heavy三、中考英語重要單詞變形（音序）A列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化able adj.能夠;有能力的ability n.能力：才能act n.扮演，表演active adj.積極的，主動(dòng)的activity n.活動(dòng)actor n.男演員actress n.女演員aged a

29、dj.上了年紀(jì)的；達(dá)到歲的age n.時(shí)代，年齡alive adj.活著的live v.生活，居住adv.現(xiàn)場America n.美國，美洲American adj.美國的；美洲的n.美國人amazing adj.令人驚訝的amazed adj.感到驚訝的amusement n.娛樂，消遣amusing adj.引起樂趣的,娛人的angry adj.生氣的；憤怒的angrily adv.生氣地；憤怒地apologize v. 道歉apology n,道歉appear v.出現(xiàn)disappear v.消失argue v.爭論art n.藝術(shù)article n.art n.藝術(shù)article n.

30、文章artist n.藝術(shù)家，畫家attract v.吸引attraction n,吸引；吸引力/物attractive adj.有吸引力的Australia n.澳大利亞Australian adj.澳大利亞的n.澳大利亞人B列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化beautiful adj.美麗的beautifully adv.美麗地begin (began, begun) v.開始，著手beginning n.開始，開端black adj.黑色的blackboard n.黑板Britain n.不列顛,英國British n.英國人adj.英國的bright adj.明亮的，聰明的brightly adv,明亮地bu

31、ild ( built, built) v.建造building n.建筑物，大樓rebuild v,重建business n.商業(yè)，生意businessman n.商人businesswoman n.女商人C列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化Canada n.加拿大Canadian adj.加拿大的n.加拿大人certain adj. 一定的，有把握的，某種 certainly adv. 一定，無疑，是的，當(dāng)然 care v, / n.小心，關(guān)心，照顧careful adj.小心的，仔細(xì)的 carefully adv.小心地，仔細(xì)地 change v.改變,兌零錢 changeable adj.易變的，可變的 ex

32、change v.交流；交換 chemical adj.化學(xué)的chemistry n. 化學(xué)China n.中國Chinese n.中國人；漢語adj.中國的choice n.選擇choose (chose, chosen) v. 選擇city n.城市citizen n.市民class n.班級(jí)，(一節(jié))課，等級(jí)classroom n.教室classmate n. 同學(xué)clear adj.清晰的，明亮的 clearly adv,清晰道，明亮地cloud n.云cloudy adj.多云的，陰天的collect v.收集，采集collection n.收集custom n,習(xí)慣，風(fēng)俗 cust

33、omer n.顧客daily n.日報(bào)day daily n.日報(bào)day n.天，白天daytime n.白天danger n.危險(xiǎn)dangerous adj.危險(xiǎn)的dead adj.死的，無生命的die v.死death n.死亡dying a.垂死的decide v.決定，下定決心decision n.決心develop v.發(fā)展，開發(fā).培養(yǎng)development n.發(fā)展difference n.區(qū)別different adj,不同的，差異的 difficult adj.困難的，艱難的 difficulty n.困難discuss v.討論discussion n.討論dishonest

34、 adj.不老實(shí)honest adj.誠實(shí)的honesty n.誠實(shí)dislike v.不喜歡like v.喜歡drive (drove, driven) v.駕駛，驅(qū)趕 driver n.駕駛員，司機(jī)E列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化easily adv,容易地easy adj.容易的education n.教育educational adj.教育的effect n.影響，效果effective adj.有效的，有作用的affect v.影響engine n.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)engineer n.工程師England n.英格蘭English n.英國；英國人；英語adj.英國的；英語的enjoy v.欣賞，享有，喜歡en

35、joyable adj.愉快的，歡樂的joy n.歡樂，高興enter v.進(jìn)入，參加entrance n.進(jìn)入excited adj,興奮的exciting adj.令人興奮的expensive adj.昂貴的expense n.費(fèi)用，花費(fèi)v.向收取費(fèi)用F列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化fair adj.公平的，合理的unfair adj.不公平的farm n.農(nóng)場，農(nóng)莊farmer n.農(nóng)民，農(nóng)夫favour n.恩惠favourite adj.最喜歡的female n.女性;雌性male n.男性；雄性final adj.最后的，最終的finally adv.最后，最終firen.活，火爐，火災(zāi)fireman

36、 n.消防隊(duì)員fireworks n,煙fish n.魚，魚肉v.捕魚fisherman n.漁夫fly (flew, flown) v.飛行.乘飛機(jī)旅游flight n.飛行，航班follow v.聽從following adj.下列的fool v.愚弄，欺騙foolish adj.愚蠢的foot (pl. feet) n.腳，足；英尺football n.足球foreign n.外國的foreigner adj.夕卜國人forget (forgot, forgot/forgotten) v.忘t己forgetful adj.健忘的unforgettable adj.難忘的free adj.

37、自由的，空閑的,免費(fèi)的freedom n.自由friend n.朋友friendly adj.友好的，朋友般的friendship n.友誼frighten v.使害怕frightened adj.受驚嚇的frightening adj.令人害怕的fun n.樂趣，有趣，玩笑funny adj.滑稽的，可笑的G列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化gentle adj.溫柔的gently adv.溫柔地 gentleman n.紳士；先生German n.德國人；德語adj.德國的Germany n.德國gold n.黃金golden adj.金色的H列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化happy adj.幸福的；快樂的happily adv.幸

38、福地；快樂地harm n.有害harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.無害的heat n.熱度，熱量v.加熱hot adj.熱的heater n.取暖器health n.健康healthy adj.健康的unhealthy adv,不健康的 heavily adv.沉重地，大量地 heavy adj.重的height n.高度high adj.高的help n. / v.幫助helpful adj.有幫助的，有益的 historical adj.歷史的，歷史上 history n.歷史home n.家homeless adj.無家可歸的hungrily adv.饑餓地hungr

39、y adj.饑餓的hurry v.& n.趕緊，急忙I列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化ice n.冰ice cream n.冰激淋ill adj.有病的：不健康的illness n.病,疾病importance n.重要性 important adj.重要的 impossible adj.不可能的 possible adj.可能的possibly adv.可能地improve v.改善，改進(jìn)prove v.證明interest n.興趣，趣味 interested adj.感興趣的 interesting adj.有趣的invent v.發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造invention n,發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造inventor n.發(fā)明家inv

40、itation n.邀請invite v.邀請Italy n.意大利Italian n.意大利人；意大利語 adj.意大利的；意大利語地J列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化Japan n.日本Japanese n.日本人；日語adj.日本的K列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化kind adj.友好manage v.管理，處理，經(jīng)營n.種，類manager n.經(jīng)理kindness n.仁慈，好意medical adj.醫(yī)學(xué)的，醫(yī)療的know (knew, known) v.知道，認(rèn)識(shí)medicine n.藥knowledge n.知識(shí)meet (met, met) v.碰見，迎接，滿足L列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化meeting n.會(huì)，集會(huì)law n.法律

41、mix v.混合lawyer n.律師mixture n. 1 昆合物length n.長度motor n.馬達(dá)long adj.長的motorcycle n.摩托車library n.圖書室N列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化librarian n,圖書管理員nation n.民族listen v.聽，傾聽national adj.民族的，國家的listening adj.收聽的nationality n.國籍v.傾聽(listen的現(xiàn)在分詞)native adj.本土的，本國的locate v.確定.的地方，把設(shè)置在n.本地人，本國人location n.位子，場所nature n.大自然loud adj.響亮，

42、的次聲的natural adj.大自然的，自然的loudly adv.大聲地near prep.在附近；靠近love n.愛，喜歡adj.近的；附近的V.愛，喜歡nearby adj.& adv.附近的lovely adj.可愛，好看的,美好的nearly adv.幾乎；差不多l(xiāng)uck n.幸運(yùn)need v.必須，需要luckily adv.幸運(yùn)地，僥幸地necessary adj.必要的，必須的lucky adj.幸運(yùn)的潔祥的unnecessary adj.不必要的unlucky adj.不吉祥的neighbour n.鄰居unluckily adv.不幸地neighbourhood n.令

43、B接，鄰近M列詞形轉(zhuǎn)換noise n.聲音，噪音main adj.主要的noisy adj.嘈雜的，喧鬧的mainly adv.主要地M列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化mouse n.老鼠mice n.老鼠O列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化once n. 一次one n. 一first num.第一operate v.施行手術(shù)，開刀operation n.手術(shù)organization n.組織，團(tuán)體，機(jī)構(gòu) organize v.組織office n.辦公室officer n.官員；辦事員 official adj.官方的，官員的 n.官員own adj.自己的v.擁有n.屬于自己的東西owner n.擁有者，物主P列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化paintv

44、.會(huì)，畫n.涂料，顏料painter n.畫家，painting n.畫，油畫，水彩畫 passage n. 一節(jié)，一段，通道 passenger n.乘客，旅客 physical adj.物理的，身體的 physics n.物理學(xué)please y.（用于祈使語氣）請 pleasant adj.令人愉快的 pleased adj.使人高興的pleasure adj.愉快，高興pollute v.污染，弄臟pollution n.污染possible adj.可能的；可能發(fā)生的possibly adv.可能；也許post v.郵寄postage n.郵費(fèi)postcard n.明信片postman

45、 （postmen） n. 郵遞員power n.電源，力量，能源v.提供動(dòng)力powerful adj.強(qiáng)大的protect v.保護(hù)protection n.保護(hù)，防護(hù)professional adj.職業(yè)的，專業(yè)的professor n.（大學(xué)）教授。列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化quick adj.快的,迅速的quickly adv.快地,迅速地R列詞形轉(zhuǎn)化rain n.雨，雨水V.下雨rainy adj.有雨的，多雨的real adj.真的,真正的realize v.認(rèn)識(shí)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)really adv.真正地，確實(shí)recitation n.背誦，朗誦recite v. 背誦recent adj.最近的，近來

46、的recently adv.最近，最新，近來scientist n.scientist n.科學(xué)家second num.第二，n.秒secondary adj.中等的，第二的secret n.秘密secretary n.秘書serious adj.嚴(yán)重的seriously adv,嚴(yán)重地serve v.為服務(wù)service n.服務(wù)，公用事業(yè)shop n.商店，店鋪shopping n.購物short adj.短的，矮的shorts n.短褲sight n.風(fēng)景點(diǎn)sightseeing n.觀光，游覽sit (sat, sat) v.坐seat n.位子sleep (slept, slept) v,睡覺，睡眠asleep adj.睡著的sleepy adj.困乏的slow adj.慢的slowly adv.慢地snow n.雪v.下雪snowy adj.多雪的，下雪的soft adj.軟的softly adv.溫柔地solution n.解決(方法)，解答solve v.解決，解答record n.記錄,唱片，v.記錄，講(聲音，景象等)錄下recorder n. 錄音機(jī)report n.報(bào)告，匯報(bào)，成績單v.報(bào)告，匯報(bào)reporter n.記者retell v.復(fù)述tell (told, told ) v.告訴，講述，吩咐revie