英語語法專業(yè)術語

1、英語語法專業(yè)術語語法grammar句法syntax詞法morphology構造structure層次rank句子sentence從句clause詞組phrase詞類partofspeech單詞word實詞notionalword虛詞structuralword名詞noun專出名詞propernoun可數(shù)名詞countablenoun不行數(shù)名詞uncountableno抽象名詞abstractnoun詳細名詞concretenoun物質名詞materialnoun集體名詞collectivenoun1/16個體名詞individualnoun介詞preposition連詞conjunction動

2、詞verb主動詞mainverb及物動詞transitiveverb不及物動詞intransitiveverb系動詞linkverb助動詞auxiliaryverb神態(tài)動詞modalverb規(guī)則動詞regularverb不規(guī)則動詞irregularverb短語動詞phrasalverb限制動詞finiteverb非限制動詞infiniteverb使役動詞causativeverb感官動詞verbofsenses動向動詞eventverb靜態(tài)動詞stateverb嘆息詞exclamation形容詞adjective2/16副詞adverb方式副詞adverbofmanner程度副詞adverbo

3、fdegree時間副詞adverboftime地址副詞adverbofplace修飾性副詞adjunct連結性副詞conjunct疑問副詞interrogativeadverb關系副詞relativeadverb代詞pronoun人稱代詞personalpronoun物主代詞possessivepronoun反身代詞reflexivepronoun互相代詞reciprocalpronoun指示代詞demonstrativepronoun疑問代詞interrogativepronoun關系代詞relativepronoun不定代詞indefinite物主代詞possessivepronoun名詞

4、性物主代詞nominalpossessive形容詞性物主代詞adjectivalpossessivepronoun3/16冠詞article定冠詞definitearticle不定冠詞indefinitearticle數(shù)詞numeral基數(shù)詞cardinalnumeral序數(shù)詞ordinalnumeral分數(shù)詞fractionalnumeral形式form單數(shù)形式singularform復數(shù)形式pluralform限制動詞finiteverbform非限制動詞non-finiteverbform原形baseform從句clause附屬句subordinateclause并列句coordinat

5、eclause名詞從句nominalclause定語從句attributiveclause狀語從句adverbialclause賓語從句objectclause主語從句subjectclause4/16同位語從句appositiveclause時間狀語從句adverbialclauseoftime地址狀語從句adverbialclauseofplace方式狀語從句adverbialclauseofmanner退步狀語從句adverbialclauseofconcession原由狀語從句adverbialclauseofcause結果狀語從句adverbialclauseofresult目的狀語

6、從句adverbialclauseofpurpose條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofcondition真切條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真切條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition委婉條件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition錯綜條件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子sentence簡單句simplesentence陳說句declarativesentence疑問句interrogativesentence一般疑問句generalques

7、tion特別疑問句specialquestion選擇疑問句alternativequestion附帶疑問句tagquestion5/16反義疑問句disjunctivequestion修辭疑問句rhetoricalquestion嘆息疑問句exclamatoryquestion存在句existentialsentence一定句positivesentence否認句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence嘆息句exclamatorysentence基本句型basicsentencepattern句子成分membersof

8、sentences主語subject謂語predicate賓語object雙賓語dualobject直接賓語directobject間接賓語indirectobject同源賓語cognateobject表語predicative定語attribute同位語appositive6/16狀語adverbial句法關系syntacticrelationship并列coordinate附屬subordination修飾modification前置修飾pre-modification后置修飾post-modification限制restriction兩重限制double-restriction非限制no

9、n-restrictionnumber單數(shù)形式singularform復數(shù)形式pluralform規(guī)則形式regularform不規(guī)則形式irregularformcase所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase賓格objectivecasegender陽性masculine7/16陰性feminine中性neuter人稱person第一人稱firstperson第二人稱secondperson第三人稱thirdperson時態(tài)tense過去未來時pastfuturetense過去未來進行時pastfuturecontinuoustense過去未來達成時pastfut

10、ureperfecttense一般此刻時presentsimpletense一般過去時pastsimpletense一般未來時futuresimpletense此刻達成時pastperfecttense過去達成時presentperfecttense未來達成時futureperfecttense此刻進行時presentcontinuoustense過去進行時pastcontinuoustense未來進行時futurecontinuoustense過去未來進行時pastfuturecontinuoustense此刻達成進行時presentperfectcontinuoustense8/16過去達

11、成進行時pastperfectcontinuoustense語態(tài)voice主動語態(tài)activevoice被動語態(tài)passivevoice語氣mood陳說語氣indicativemood祈使語氣imperativemood虛構語氣subjunctivemood否認negation否認范圍scopeofnegation所有否認fullnegation局部否認partialnegation轉移否認shiftofnegation語序order自然語序naturalorder倒裝語序inversion所有倒裝fullinversion部分倒裝partialinversion直接引語directspeec

12、h間接引語indirectspeech自由直接引語freedirectspeech9/16自由間接引語freeindirectspeech一致agreement主謂一致subject-predicateagreement語法一致grammaticalagreement觀點一致notionalagreement就近原則principleofproximity重申emphasis重復repetition語音pronunciation語調tone升調risingtone降調fallingtone降升調falling-risingtone文體style正式文體formal非正式文體informal口語

13、spoken/oralEnglish套語formulisticexpression英國英語BritishEnglish美國英語AmericanEnglish用法usage10/16negativeinterrogativesentenceimperativesentencesindefinitecaseimperativemood感情色彩emotionalcoloring貶義derogatory風趣humorous嘲諷sarcastic奚落ironic動名詞gerund連字號hyphen祈使語氣祈使句獨立成分主句indicativemood物質名詞materialnouns句子的成分membe

14、rsofthesentence神態(tài)動詞modalverbs語氣mood詞法morphology否認疑問句動詞的非限制形式non-finiteformsoftheverb非限制性定語從句non-restrictiveattributiveclauses括號brackets名詞的分類classificationofnouns11/16從句（分句）clauses同源賓語cognateobject集體名詞collectivenouns冒號colon錯綜時間條件句conditionalsentencesofmixedtime連詞conjunction連結副詞conjunctiveadverbs連結代詞c

15、onjunctivepronouns轉變conversion并列連詞co-coordinatingconjunctions可數(shù)名詞countablenouns破折號dash陳說句declarativesentences定冠詞definitearticle指示代詞demonstrativepronouns派生（詞綴法）derivation(affixation)描述性定語descriptiveattributes呼語directaddress直接賓語directobject直接引語directspeech反意問句disjunctivequestions12/16省略ellipsis省略句elli

16、pticalsentences嘆息號exclamationmark嘆息句exclamatorysentences動詞的限制形式finiteformsoftheverb虛詞formwords分數(shù)詞fractionalnumerals完整倒裝fullinversion未來進行時futurecontinuous一般未來時futureindefinite未來達成時futureperfect未來達成進行時futureperfectcontinuous獨立構造absoluteconstructions物主代詞的絕對形式absoluteformsofpossessivepronouns抽象名詞abstrac

17、tnouns主動語態(tài)activevoice方式狀語從句adverbialclausesofmanner地址狀語從句adverbialclausesofplace目的狀語從句adverbialclausesofpurpose時間狀語從句adverbialclausesoftime程度副詞adverbsofdegree13/16personalpronouns頻度副詞adverbsoffrequency方式副詞adverbsofmanner地址副詞adverbsofplace時間副詞adverbsoftime選擇問句alternativequestions句子剖析analysisofsentenc

18、es省略號apostrophe同謂語appositive同位語從句appositiveclauses助動詞auxiliaryverbs插入語parenthesis部分倒裝partialinversion分詞短語participialphrases分詞participle小品詞particle詞類partsofspeech過去式pastforms過去分詞pastparticiple句號period(fullstop)人稱person人稱代詞14/16成語動詞phrasalverbs謂語predicate表語predicative表語從句predicativeclauses前綴prefix(es)介詞短語prepositionalphrases此刻式presentforms此刻分詞presentparticiple動詞的主要形式principalformsofverbs專出名詞propernouns標點符號punctuation問號questionmark引號quotationmark互相代詞reciprocalpronouns不定代詞indefinitePronouns關系副詞relativeadverbs關系代詞relativepronouns限制性定語從句restrictiveattributiveclauses自己代詞selfpronouns分號s