練習(xí)答案匯總

1、I試用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)英譯下列句子。(1)食用烤肉、熏魚或腌魚，飲酒，以及缺乏鎂和維生素 A,都可能是胃癌的病因，但尚未證實(shí)。(consume, deficient, postulate )Consumption of barbecued meals, smoked or pickled fish, and alcohol and deficiencies of magnesium and Vitamin A have been postulated but unproven as causes of gastric cancer.(2)臨床上懷疑有食管癌,應(yīng)立即進(jìn)行食管X線攝片。(lead to,

2、 esophagogram)The clinical suspicion of a cancer of the esophagus should lead to an immediate esophagogram. 輻射作為一種致癌因素，在癌癥形成中的作用已被充分證明。(important, develop,document)The importance of irradiation as an etiologic factor in the development of cancers has been well documented.(4)術(shù)中確定有無(wú)腹腔積血,并記錄手術(shù)診斷。 (pres

3、ent, absent, hemoperitoneum) At surgery the presence or absence of hemoperitoneum was verified and the operative diagnosis was recorded.II采用后置定語(yǔ)英譯下列句子。(1)目前還沒(méi)有療效相同、危險(xiǎn)性又較小的同類藥物。No other drug is available at present that can produce the same therapeutic effect with less risk.(2)本文未提及感染的種類。No mention w

4、as made of the kinds of infection in this paper.(3)還有許多問(wèn)題需要進(jìn)一步研究。Many specific problems remain which will require further study.(4)治愈某些癌癥的方法業(yè)已找到。Ways have been found to cure some cancers.Title優(yōu)化以下標(biāo)題Retinal arteriolar changes are an indicator of coronary artery diseaseRevised: Retinal arteriolar chan

5、ges asan indicator of coronary artery diseasePreliminary experience in using high dose of methotrexate to treat ALLHigh dose methotrexate therapy in acute lymphocytic leukemia或： Use of high dose methotrexate in (the) treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemiaA research of the relationship between the c

6、ontent of potassium in diet and blood pressureDietary potassium and blood pressureUse MRI to conduct an in vivo study on the enlargement of the pituitary gland during normal1 / 37 pregnancyPituitary gland growth during normal pregnancy: An in vivo study using magnetic resonance imagingA preliminary

7、study on the problems, causes and countermeasures in health and epidemic prevention work of CPLAMilitary health and epidemic prevention: Problems, causes and countermeasuresA case report of SLE appearing pancreatitis and review of literaturesPancreatitis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A case

8、 report and review of the literature7.Is stethoscope a potential source of nosocomial infection? Stethoscope: a potential source of nosocomial infection?8. Investigate the relation between atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease in the elderly: an analysis of pathological data of 509 casesAtr

9、ial fibrillation and coronary heart disease in the elderly: an analysis of pathological data of 509 casesAbstract I 練習(xí). 指出下列摘要中的各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容( background/objective, method, result, conclusion )To construct a reference range of SpO 2 values in healthy preterm infants using a simple data logging device. 【目 的】

10、Thirty three healthy preterm infants were monitored for a continuous period of 4 hours at rest using an Ohmeda Biox 3700 E Pulse Oximeter and an electronic data logger (Rustrack Ranger). Stored data were downloaded and saved as individual files on a personal computer. 【方法】 The study group median and

11、 5th and 95th percentiles were used to construct a cumulative frequency curve of time against SpO2 value, representing the normal reference range of SpO 2 profiles in healthy preterm infants.【結(jié)果】Comparison of an infant sSpO2 profile against this curve may be more helpful in guiding supplemental oxyg

12、en treatment in that individual than a figure for a mean SpO 2 and its standard deviation.【結(jié)論】.將下列內(nèi)容按照背景/目的-方法-結(jié)果-結(jié)論的次序編成一篇摘要。Incidence of lung cancer in exposed workers ranked the first place, with an SMR of 2.648, as compared with that of non-exposed workers. Incidence of lung cancer in the dust-e

13、xposed workers with a longer duration of employment was significantly higher than in those with a shorter one. Incidence of lung cancer in exposed workers with a wet operation mode was lower than that in those with dry-operation mode.A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 16711 workers expose

14、d to dust and 7598 non-exposed workers.Malignant tumor, especially lung cancer, occurred more frequently in the workers exposed to dust, which could be a potential risk factor contributing to carcinogenesis.To investigate incidence of malignant tumor in workers exposed to dust in a mine during the p

15、ast 30 years.4 2 1 32 / 37Abstract II 練習(xí)（）Write the conclusion with the words and phrases providedshowed; population characteristics; little association; under the UK; with the quality of primary medical care; incentivised （ 刺激的）;medical services; contract Population characteristics showed little as

16、sociation with the quality of primary medical care incentivised under the UK medical services contract.in long term; and; its; therapeutic superiority; cost-effectiveness; further; are needed to prove; large multicenter trials and meta-analysis （ 元分析）;of ; the available data Further large multicente

17、r trials and meta-analysis of the available data are needed to prove its therapeutic superiority and cost-effectiveness in long term.between; the study; in icteric neonates（ 患黃疸的嬰兒）；of UTI（泌尿道感染）；revealed;breast feeding; circumcision （ 包皮環(huán)切術(shù) ）and lower prevalence; significant associationThe study re

18、vealed significant association between breast feeding, circumcision and lower prevalence of UTI in icteric neonates.women do not show; the same benefit; our conclusion; from CABG（冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植術(shù)）surgery; is that; that; men do; in a number important QOL measures; and that; cannot be; these differences; att

19、ributed to; preoperative differencesOur conclusion is that women do not show the same benefit from CABG surgery that men do in a number important QOL measures, and that these differences cannot be attributed to preoperative differences.culture and antimicrobial susceptibility（抗菌敏感性）test; moreover; i

20、s recommended; after; for resistant cases; the first failure to therapyMoreover, culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test is recommended for resistant cases after the first failure to therapy（二）Translate the Chinese into English（結(jié)果表明）that short term supplementary oxygen may enhance oxidative （氧

21、 化的） stress and inflammation in the airways. These findings suggest （我們的結(jié)論是 ）,this study has extended previous observations of Bid activation during renal ischemia-reperfusion （再灌注） .Importantly, using Bid-deficient mice, （結(jié)果還表明）a role of Bid in the development of ischemic renal cell injury andrenal

22、 failure. In conclusion, the results have suggested （需要進(jìn)一步研究 ）to prove the importance of screening in developing countries following vegetarian diet and high incidence of malnutrition. Further work is required 4.（這一病例說(shuō)明 ）although neonatal （新生兒）lupus erythematosus is usually self-limited, SLE may dev

23、elop in selected patients in future years. This case illustrates that5. （數(shù)據(jù)不能充分證明）routine cytomegalovirus 巨細(xì)胞病毒（CMV） screening 篩查 of donor blood for exchange transfusion 合成血 in our setting. Data are not sufficient to warrant3 / 37Translate the following into English.這種假體修復(fù)術(shù)的特點(diǎn)是摩才察較少，活動(dòng)度較大，恢復(fù)速度較快。(pr

24、osthesis)The prosthesis features less friction, greater movement and faster rate of recovery.整理報(bào)道將納米發(fā)電機(jī)注入大鼠體內(nèi)，腫瘤生長(zhǎng)減緩，(大鼠)存活時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)。(nanogenerators)The author injected the nanogenerators into mice, and reported reduced tumor growth and increased survival time.耳針對(duì)有些難治疾病也顯示出了顯著的效果。(auricular needling)Auri

25、cular needling has also shown marked results for some difficult diseases.嗎啡可以用于控制過(guò)度嘔吐Morphine may be used to control excessive vomiting.病毒性肝炎的典型表現(xiàn)是血清天門冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶的顯著升高，以及輕度至中度的堿性磷酸酶升高。(hepatitis, AST, alkaline phosphate)The typical findings of viral hepatitis are a marked increase in AST and a slight to

26、moderate increase in alkaline phosphate.該研究小組13t圖闡明NFAT (活化T細(xì)胞核因子)在癌癥中的確切作用.從而推出新的治療方案。(nuclear factor of activated T cells )The research team is attempting to understand the exact role nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) plays in cancer, which could lead to new treatments.心區(qū)沉悶是冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病的癥狀( car

27、diac region , be symptomatic of ) Heaviness in the cardiac region is symptomatic of coronary artery disease.有些柑橘屬水果含有大量豐富的維生素CoSome citrus fruits have vitamin C in great abundance.在入院的64例患者中，35人接受了手術(shù)治療，29人接受了藥物治療。Of the 64 patients admitted, 35 were treated surgically and 29 medically.在所有骨內(nèi)血管中，首先遭到破

28、壞的是靜脈竇。Of the intraosteal blood vessels, the first to be destroyed were the venous sinuses.(, the venous sinuses were the first to be destroyed.).治療指數(shù)越高，藥物的安全性越大；治療指數(shù)越低，引起中毒的可能性越大。The higher the therapeutic index, the safer the drug, and the lower the therapeutic index, the greater the possibility o

29、f causing toxicity.疼痛放射到整個(gè)背部說(shuō)明潰瘍已穿透進(jìn)入胰腺。Radiation of pain through to the back suggests penetration ofan ulcer into the pancreas.4 / 37Translate the following abstract into English.微創(chuàng)手術(shù)治療基底節(jié)區(qū)高血壓腦出血83例療效觀察摘要：目的探討小骨窗開(kāi)顱與穿刺引流治療高血壓腦出血的各自手術(shù)療效。方法采用小骨窗手術(shù)開(kāi)顱治療高血壓腦出血 32例，穿刺引流治療51例，術(shù)后二周、三月觀察療效，就顯效 率、有效率、死亡率、相關(guān)并發(fā)

30、癥進(jìn)行比較。結(jié)果治療后三個(gè)月，在小骨窗組，顯效率、有效率和死亡率分別為 43.8%, 75%, 21.9%;在穿刺引流組，則分別為29.4%, 67%, 25.5% 。結(jié)論 對(duì)基底節(jié)區(qū)的高血壓腦出血，小骨窗開(kāi)顱在神經(jīng)功能改善方面優(yōu)于穿刺引流組。關(guān)鍵詞：高血壓；腦出血；外科治療Use of minimally invasive method in the treatment of 83 cases with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglion region(Treatment of 83 cases with hyper

31、tensive intracerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglion region by minimally invasive method)(Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglion region: an observation of 83 cases using minimally invasive method)Abstract: Objective To explore the curative effect of key-hole and puncture drainage in t

32、he treatment of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH). Methods 32 cases with HICH were operated by key-hole and 51 cases by puncture drainage. Postoperative effectiveness (2 weeks, trimester) was followed up. Marked progress rate, effective rate, mortality, as well as incidence

33、of complications were compared respectively. Results At the end of the third month after treatment, marked progress rate, effective rate, mortality were 43.8%, 75% , 21.9% in key-hole surgery and 29.4%, 67%, 25.5% in puncture drainage therapy. Conclusions For the patients with HICH in basal ganglion

34、 region, the therapy of key-hole surgery is superior to puncture drainage in the neurofunctional improvement.Key words: hypertension; intracerebral hemorrhage; surgical treatment5 / 37 摘要翻譯目的1,確定動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化危險(xiǎn)因素的發(fā) 生及治療在世界許多國(guó)家是否具有可 比性。atherosclerosisTo determine whether atherosclerosis risk factor prevalen

35、ce and treatment would demonstrate comparable patterns in many countries around the world.分析中國(guó)獨(dú)生子女政策對(duì)人口生育率、理想子女?dāng)?shù)和出生性別比的影響。6 / 37To examine the impact of the one child family policy in China on fertility, preferred family size, and sex ratio.通過(guò)測(cè)定吸煙對(duì)慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠血清及肺組織中CC16的含量變化，探討吸煙在COPD形成中的作用。To explor

36、e the impacts of tobacco use on the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by testing the changes of CC16 levels in serum and pulmonary tissues of COPD rats.本項(xiàng)研究旨在通過(guò)免疫組化研究 包括38例胰腺癌在內(nèi)的72例人胰腺 組織中的p8基因表達(dá)。pancreatic immunohistochemistryThis study was designed to investigate p8 expr

37、ession in 72 human pancreatic tissues, including 38 pancreatic cancers (PCs), by immunohistochemistry.7 / 37.本項(xiàng)研究主要目的是探討原發(fā)開(kāi)角型青光眼或慢性閉角型青光眼第 一次小梁切除術(shù)后，貝伐單抗是否能 減少濾過(guò)泡的失敗。trabeculectomy bevacizumabbleb failureprimary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG)The primary objective of

38、the present study was to determine whether bevacizumab can reduce bleb failure in patients undergoing first-time trabeculectomy for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG).8 / 376,確定不同經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下的優(yōu)選篩查 方案(optimal screening strategies); 計(jì) 算優(yōu)選篩查方案的人均次篩查成本(the cost of per c

39、apital each time), 分 析篩查的經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性(feasibility),為我國(guó)農(nóng)村地區(qū)推行子宮頸(cervical)癌 篩查及建立合理、可行的費(fèi)用分擔(dān) (cost-sharing)機(jī)制提供依據(jù)。To determine the optimal screening strategies under different economic conditions, analyze the economic feasibility by calculating the cost of per capital each time, and provide evidence for impl

40、ementation of cervical cancer screening in rural areas and establishment of a rational feasible cost-sharing mechanism,9 / 37.估測(cè)慢性病的患病率及其相關(guān)的危險(xiǎn)因素對(duì)決策優(yōu)選和疾病預(yù)防策略的制定非常必要。 本次橫斷研究目的在于預(yù)估老年男性中常見(jiàn)慢性病的自我報(bào)告患病率和臨床患病率。Prevalence estimates for chronic diseases and associated risk factors are needed for priority sett

41、ing and disease prevention strategies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the self-reported and clinical prevalence of common chronic disorders in elderly men.背景：肥胖被認(rèn)為是結(jié)直腸癌發(fā)病的重要危險(xiǎn)因素。然而就亞洲人群中結(jié)直腸癌和體重 指數(shù)的關(guān)系，我們的依據(jù)仍然有限。Background: Obesity has been recognized as important risk factors f

42、or colorectal cancer. However, limited evidence is available on colorectal caner and body mass index (BMI) in Asian population.背景：復(fù)合口服避孕藥被廣為提 倡用來(lái)治療原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)，但它們的功 效在一次Cochrane系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)中遭到 質(zhì)疑。本次研究的目的為評(píng)估復(fù)合口 服避孕藥以及年齡對(duì)痛經(jīng)嚴(yán)重程度的 影響。Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) dysmenorrhoea10 / 37Background:Combined oralcont

43、raceptives (COCs) are widely advocated as treatment for primary dysmenorrhoea, but their efficacy has been questioned in a Cochrane review. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of COCs and age on the severity of dysmenorrhoea.目的：評(píng)估使用能量多普勒以確認(rèn)不完全流產(chǎn)婦女受孕產(chǎn)物滯留中有無(wú)血流來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)隨后 的期待治療成功與否Objective:

44、To evaluate whether the use of power Doppler to confirm the presence or absence of blood flow within retained products of conception (RPC) in women with an incomplete miscarriage can predict subsequent successful expectant management.本研究的目的是確定II型糖尿 病人在首次服用砒磺環(huán)己月尿(glipizide)和服用12周后該藥的藥 物動(dòng)力學(xué)(pharmacody

45、namic 和藥 代動(dòng)力學(xué)(pharmacokinetics),并對(duì) 年齡因素的影響做出評(píng)價(jià)。11 / 37The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of glipizide after a single dose and 12 weeks of dosing in patients with type II diabetes mellitus, and evaluate the influence of aging. 復(fù)發(fā)性革蘭氏陰性菌血癥(recurrent

46、gram-negative bacteremia 是指同一病人發(fā)生兩次或兩次以上菌 血癥，而在兩次發(fā)作之間有一個(gè)無(wú)感 染期(infection free)。我們的目的是 將患復(fù)發(fā)性菌血癥的病人鑒別出來(lái)， 以確定引起復(fù)發(fā)的可能危險(xiǎn)因素。Recurrent gram-negative bacteremia is12 / 37 defined as two or more episodes of bacteremia occurring in the same patient with an infection free interval between each episode. Our purp

47、ose was to identify patients with recurrent bacteremia so as to define possible risk factors for its recurrence.我們進(jìn)行了一個(gè)隨機(jī)的前瞻性試 驗(yàn)，以評(píng)價(jià)患婦科惡性腫瘤病人在進(jìn) 行了系統(tǒng)的 骨盆或骨盆和 主動(dòng)脈旁 淋巴結(jié)切除術(shù)后，纖維蛋白膠對(duì)淋巴 囊腫發(fā)生率的影響。gynecologic malignanciespelvic paraaortic lymphadenectomy fibrin gluelymphocystWe performed a randomized,13 / 37

48、prospective trial to assess the impact of fibrin glue on the incidence of lymphocysts after systematic pelvic or pelvicandparaaorticlymphadenectomy in patients with gynecologic malignancies.(本實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在)驗(yàn)證此假設(shè)：網(wǎng)狀血小板和網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞在成人與新生兒細(xì)胞的成熟細(xì)胞 中呈現(xiàn)升高的粘連受體表達(dá)。To examine the hypothesis that reticulated platelets and r

49、eticulocytes show elevated adhesion receptor expression compared with mature cells in both adult and neonatal cells.探討慢性腎功能衰竭長(zhǎng)期血液透析病人外周血單核細(xì)胞表面晚期糖基化終產(chǎn)物(AGE)受體的表達(dá)及其與循環(huán)腫瘤壞死因子a (TNFa)和白細(xì)胞介素-l 3 (舊3水平之間的關(guān)系，以及血透病人循環(huán)中高水平促炎癥細(xì)胞因子的發(fā)生機(jī)制。To elucidate the relationship between the expression of receptors for AGE

50、(RAGE) at the surface of monocyte and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF a )and interleukin -l 3 (IL 3 ), proinflammatory cytokines in patients withchronic renal failure(CRF) undergoinghemodialysis.(HD).評(píng)價(jià)牙槽骨垂直牽引成骨技術(shù)在改善種植區(qū)域骨量中的臨床效果。To evaluate the clinical result of alveolar vertical dist

51、raction osteogenesis for implant.材料和方法1.我們從這35名病人中獲得了一下資料：年齡、工作性質(zhì)、時(shí)間、發(fā)生菌血癥的時(shí)間、原 有疾病、最初抗菌治療情況、感染病灶、是否出現(xiàn)休克、血液分離物對(duì)抗菌素的敏感性以及 治療效果。The following information we obtained from all 35patients: age, service, date of hospital admission, date of the bacteremia, underlying diseases, initial anti-microbial thera

52、py, focus of infection, the presence or absence of shock, anti-microbial susceptibility of the blood isolate, and outcome.14 / 373.化驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明病人各類血細(xì)胞減少(pancytopenia)。骨髓涂片(marrow smear)及組織學(xué)檢查確診為再障(aplastic anemia)。 抗結(jié) 核治療(Anti-TB therapy)即停，并開(kāi)始用 Durabolin 進(jìn)行促骨髓生長(zhǎng) (myelostimulatory) 治療。病人于停止全部抗結(jié)核治療后23天衰竭(c

53、ollapse)死亡。15 / 37Laboratory evaluation revealed a pancytopenia. The diagnosis of aplastic anemia was confirmed by bone marrow smear and histology. Anti-TB therapy was discontinued, and myelostimulatory treatment with Durabolin was instituted. The patient collapsed and died 23 days after discontinua

54、tion of all anti_TB chemotherapy.在一項(xiàng)多中心試驗(yàn) 中，204例急性 心肌梗死患者在成功再灌注治療后37天被隨機(jī)分配針對(duì)梗死動(dòng)脈予 冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)注射骨髓（BMC）源性祖 細(xì)胞或安慰劑。multicenter trial myocardial infarction reperfusion intracoronary progenitor16 / 37In a multicenter trial, we randomly assigned 204 patients with acute myocardial infarction to receive an intra

55、coronary infusion of progenitor cells derived from bone marrow (BMC) or placebo medium into the infarct artery 3 to 7 days after successful reperfusion therapy. 72 829名從不吸煙婦女中有65180人提供其丈夫的吸煙資料，有 66 520人提供了源自工作場(chǎng)所和生命早 期家庭成員的煙草煙霧暴露資料。exposure to tobacco17 / 37Of 72 829 women who had never smoked, 65 18

56、0 women provided information on smoking by their husbands, and 66 520 women provided information on exposure to tobacco at work and in early life from family members.方差分析步驟檢查食物喜好方面的基因型差別；雙變量相關(guān)系數(shù)檢查食物喜好與過(guò)度進(jìn) 食的變量之間的關(guān)系；回歸分析檢測(cè)過(guò)度進(jìn)食各變量對(duì)BMI的組合影響。Analysis of variance procedures examined genotype differences

57、in food preferences; bivariate correlation coefficients examined the relationships among food preferences and the overeating variables; and a regression analysis tested the combined influences of the overeating variables on BMI.我們使用源自 150名骨髓增生異常綜合征患者的骨髓和配對(duì)細(xì)胞中的DNA ,對(duì)所有DNMT3編碼外顯子進(jìn)行了排序。We sequenced all

58、 coding exons of DNMT3A using DNA from bone marrow and paired normal cells from 150 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) .研究包括396077例年齡大于66歲，正在接受內(nèi)科治療，截至 1998年4月1日仍然存活 的有心臟病史或糖尿病史的患者。We included 396077 patients aged 66 years or older who had a history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes wh

59、ile undergoing medical treatment and who were alive on April 1, 1998.18 / 37.利用自身對(duì)照的病例系列 研究方 法，研究急性呼吸道和 尿路感染后首 次深靜脈血栓形成(DTV) (n=7278) 以及肺栓塞(PE) (n=3755)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。self-controlled case-seriesdeep vein thrombosis (DVT) urinary tractWe used the self-controlled case-series method to study the risk of first dee

60、p vein thrombosis (DVT) (n=7278) and first pulmonary embolism (PE) (n=3755) after acute respiratory and urinary tract infections.19 / 37.研究納入206例經(jīng)多導(dǎo)睡眠監(jiān)測(cè) 診斷為阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停(OSA) 非肥胖習(xí)慣性打鼾兒童，及年齡、性 別、種族和阻塞性呼吸暫停-低通氣指 數(shù)(OAHI )與之匹配的206例肥胖 兒童。polysomnographically diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea(OSA); obstructiv