專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)資料2.詞匯學(xué)習(xí)

1、專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)資料2專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)資料2一、詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)背（記憶）的問(wèn)題一、詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)背（記憶）的問(wèn)題背單詞的幾個(gè)誤區(qū)注意英漢造字差異 : 表音 vs 表意 blade 刃(刀+開(kāi)口)死記硬背 不加揣摩不得規(guī)律不善比較不重實(shí)踐急功近利背單詞的幾個(gè)誤區(qū)注意英漢造字差異 : 表音 突破詞匯關(guān) = 科學(xué)方法 + 毅力 + 時(shí)間突破詞匯關(guān) = 科學(xué)方法 + 毅力 + 時(shí)間背單詞方法協(xié)同：眼，心，手，嘴，耳。構(gòu)詞法分類(lèi)法閱讀法趣味法背單詞方法協(xié)同：眼，心，手，嘴，耳。記憶的奧秘記憶的奧秘人類(lèi)左右半腦的不同功能左腦:邏輯、語(yǔ)言、數(shù)字、順序 右腦:曲調(diào)、旋律、圖形、聯(lián)想死記硬背 = 僅僅使用了左腦 右腦背單詞

2、 = 運(yùn)用右腦的聯(lián)想功能人類(lèi)左右半腦的不同功能左腦:邏輯、語(yǔ)言、數(shù)字、順序艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線及其啟示艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線及其啟示專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)資料2記憶的形成過(guò)程輸入的信息在經(jīng)過(guò)人的注意過(guò)程的學(xué)習(xí)后，便成為了人的短時(shí)的記憶，但是如果不經(jīng)過(guò)及時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)，這些記住過(guò)的東西就會(huì)遺忘，而經(jīng)過(guò)了及時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)，這些短時(shí)的記憶就會(huì)成為了人的一種長(zhǎng)時(shí)的記憶，從而在大腦中保持著很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。 記憶的形成過(guò)程輸入的信息在經(jīng)過(guò)人的注意過(guò)程的學(xué)習(xí)后，便成為了單詞剛剛背完時(shí)遺忘的速度最快，這意味著越是新背的單詞，對(duì)他的復(fù)習(xí)密度就應(yīng)該越大，而這時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)也最有效最容易。另外，單詞越熟悉，遺忘越慢，這就意味著對(duì)于已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)幾遍的單詞，復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)

3、間間隔可以延長(zhǎng)。心理學(xué)研究者確定了幾個(gè)比較重要的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)，分別是首次記憶之后5分鐘，30分鐘，12小時(shí)（半天），1天，2天，4天，7天，15天，30天單詞剛剛背完時(shí)遺忘的速度最快，這意味著越是新背的單詞，對(duì)他的不同性質(zhì)材料的不同的遺忘曲線 凡是理解了的知識(shí)，就能記得迅速、全面而牢固。愣是死記硬背，是費(fèi)力不討好的。比較容易記憶的是那些有意義的材料，而無(wú)意義的材料在記憶的時(shí)候比較費(fèi)力，回憶的時(shí)候也不輕松。 不同性質(zhì)材料的不同的遺忘曲線 凡是理解了的知識(shí)，就能記得迅速趣味性越強(qiáng)，越容易被記憶。 盡可能通過(guò)聯(lián)想、想象賦予單詞趣味性。roar: （vi.） 聯(lián)想“獅吼” 咆哮solemn: （adj

4、.） 聯(lián)想“受冷” 莊嚴(yán)的，嚴(yán)肅的趣味性越強(qiáng)，越容易被記憶。越是有規(guī)律，越容易被記憶通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法、拼寫(xiě)規(guī)則記憶committee，cabbage, tomato, cotton, museum, common 對(duì)稱(chēng)記憶Out of question, out of the question: 差別在于單詞the。有the 就有問(wèn)題，沒(méi)有the就沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。越是有規(guī)律，越容易被記憶應(yīng)景性的東西容易被記憶通過(guò)組詞、朗讀課文、閱讀等方式記憶單詞。Come and sit by my side if you love me. Do not hasten to bid me adieu（說(shuō)再見(jiàn)）。 應(yīng)景性的

5、東西容易被記憶From this valley They say you are going, I shall miss your sweet face And your smile, For they say You are taking the sunshine That brightens our pathway a while. Come and sit by my side if you love me, Do not haste to bid me adieu, But remember the Red River Valley, And the girl that has lov

6、ed you so true.Won t you think of the valley you re leaving? Red River ValleyOh how lonely, how sad it will be, O think of the fond heart youre breaking And the grief you are causing. I have promised you, darling, That never will a word from my lips cause you pain; And my life, it will be yours fore

7、ver If you only will love me again. From this valley They say y越是重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的越容易被記憶經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí)，經(jīng)常使用單詞越是重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的越容易被記憶具有特異性的東西容易被記憶Turkey （土耳其） 小寫(xiě)turkey 是“火雞”。China（中國(guó)）小寫(xiě)china 是“瓷器”。具有特異性的東西容易被記憶越需要，越有利于記憶平時(shí)通過(guò)日記、作文、翻譯等途徑尋找需要去記單詞。專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)資料2無(wú)意識(shí)記憶有著意想不到的收獲。看廣告，瀏覽英文報(bào)紙、雜志，看帶字幕的英文影視；生活物品的包裝袋可邊享用邊瞄一瞄其中的英語(yǔ)單詞。battery, shampoo,

8、Co. Ltd.無(wú)意識(shí)記憶有著意想不到的收獲。背單詞方法分類(lèi)法趣味法閱讀法構(gòu)詞法背單詞方法分類(lèi)法分類(lèi)強(qiáng)化法分類(lèi)強(qiáng)化法專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)資料2專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)資料2專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)資料2專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)資料2笑laugh 大笑 ，smile 微笑 ，giggle 咯咯地笑 ，grin 露齒笑 ，smirk 傻笑，sneer 冷笑，cackle 咯咯笑，snicker暗笑，偷笑 笑laugh 大笑 ，好吃delicious，yummy，toothsome，delicate，savory ，tasty, appetizing, delectable, scrumptious, tasteful好吃delicious，roma

9、nce（浪漫史）, logic（邏輯）, typhoon（臺(tái)風(fēng)）, international（英特納雄耐爾）, microphone（麥克風(fēng)）, copy（拷貝）, cartoon（卡通）, hamburger（漢堡包）, salad（色拉）, brandy（白蘭地）, whisky（威士忌）, Moslem（穆斯林）, sofa（沙發(fā)）, cool（酷）, engine（引擎）, motor（摩托）, bar（巴）, Canada（加拿大）, laser（雷射）, golf（高爾夫球）,tofu（豆腐）趣味法romance（浪漫史）, Moslem（穆斯林）, 趣味法hyphen 還分？

10、連字符hermit“何處覓她” 隱士 scrooge“死固執(zhí)”吝嗇的 howl“號(hào)、嚎”咆哮，大聲哭笑 torrid“太熱的”酷熱的 lynch“凌遲”私刑處死 dolt“逗他”蠢人 appall“我怕”驚駭 gaggle“嘎嘎” 鵝叫聲ponderous“胖得要死”笨重的 taboo“他不“忌諱 sting“死?！倍ＯU jabber“結(jié)巴“說(shuō)話(huà)不清楚 hyphen 還分？ 連字符空間記憶法空間記憶法一詞多性，一詞多義, 近義混淆Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.The man who was fired for setting f

11、ire opened fire on his boss.一詞多性，一詞多義, 近義混淆Never trouble t閱讀背詞英文報(bào)中英文對(duì)照小說(shuō)手機(jī)閱讀軟件（推手）閱讀理解練習(xí)完型填空練習(xí)英文網(wǎng)站閱讀背詞英文報(bào)用構(gòu)詞法背單詞派生（Derivation）合成（Compound）轉(zhuǎn)換（Conversion）縮略【前綴/后綴】【詞性轉(zhuǎn)變】用構(gòu)詞法背單詞派生（Derivation）【前綴/后綴】【詞派生法前綴：一般不改變?cè)~的詞性，只改變其詞義。后綴：改變了原詞的詞性，有時(shí)可改變其詞義。派生法前綴：一般不改變?cè)~的詞性，只改變其詞義。前 綴否定錯(cuò)誤反動(dòng)作相反相對(duì)時(shí)空關(guān)系in-, ig-, il, im

12、, ir, un-, non-, dis-, mis-mis-, male-, mal-, pseudo-,de-, dis-, un-, anti-, ant-contra-, contre-, contro-,ob-, oc-, of-, op-,with-,ex-, ec-, es-,外部，外extra-, 額外fore- 在前面inter-, intel-, 在間，相互intro-, 向內(nèi)，在內(nèi)，內(nèi)側(cè)medi-, med-, mid-, 中，中間其他re重復(fù)、再over過(guò)度super超出tele遠(yuǎn)vice副en使前 綴否定錯(cuò)誤反動(dòng)作相反相對(duì)時(shí)空關(guān)系in-, ig-, il后 綴名詞性形

13、容詞性動(dòng)詞性副詞性動(dòng)作者，人-er, -or-ar, -arian,-eer, -man, -ees-ist, -ian-ant, -ent場(chǎng)所-ary, -ory-ics, -logy學(xué)科抽象-al, -ance,-ence, -hood,-ion, -ment,-ness, -ship,-sure, -th, -ty多，充滿(mǎn)類(lèi)似具有性質(zhì)主被動(dòng)由制成方向使成為-ate, -en, -fy, -ize-ly, -ward, -wise-ful, -ous, -y-ern-en-able，-ible，-ive-al, -ant，-ar, -ary-ent, -ial-ic, -ory-ish-l

14、ike-ly-some-less 無(wú)后 綴名詞性形容詞性動(dòng)詞性副詞性動(dòng)作者，人-er, -or場(chǎng)understandmisunderstandhappy-unhappyhappy-happilyhappy-happinesscare-careful-carefullycare-careless-carelesslycare-carelessnessunderstandmisunderstandcorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywr

15、ongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反義獨(dú)立的詞根adj.殘疾的n.不可能的n.反義n.誤解詞根大學(xué)生詞根n.近義反義Words Buildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectindecorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakemi

16、sunderstandunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育 表達(dá)O獨(dú)立的rootadj殘疾的n不可能的OnSSn誤解root大學(xué)生rootn地下的地下通道地鐵副標(biāo)題總是correctcorrectionincorrectinde合成法止痛藥pain-killer合成法止痛藥pain-killercolor- blind色盲color- blind色盲夢(mèng)游sleep-walker夢(mèng)游sleep-walkerclassroomnewspaperschoo

17、l boyblackboardgreen-houseclassroomblackboardpick pocket drive wayover coat underclothessleep walkheart beat headachehandshakepick pocket homesick snowwhiteworld widegood-looking hardworkingsecond-hand warm heartedmiddle-aged專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)資料2fiveyearold sixinchtall sunbathe（進(jìn)行日光?。ゝiveyearold 合詞法smog motelbru

18、nchnewscast heliport= smoke + fog = motor + hotel= breakfast + lunch= news + broadcast= helicopter + port合詞法smog = smoke + fog = motor 轉(zhuǎn)換法water water v. 澆水hand hand v. 遞交facefacev. 面對(duì)fool foolv. 愚弄名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換法water water v. 澆水名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)dry dry v. 使變干freefree v. 使自由emptyempty v.倒空形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞dry dry v. 使變干形容詞轉(zhuǎn)

19、化為動(dòng)詞take a walkhave a lookhave a trycook烹飪a cook廚師 cheat欺騙a cheat騙子 turn轉(zhuǎn)彎 a turn 轉(zhuǎn)彎處動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞take a walk動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞1. He was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. (play)2. Look! How _ Kate is laughing! (happy)3. It snowed _ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)4. Edison

20、was a great _. During his life he had many _. (invent)players happily heavily inventor inventions 構(gòu)詞法精練1. He was one of the best _5. More and more _ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）6. We want _ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)7. Please give me some reference work. It w

21、ill _ my task. (simple)8. The boy had the _ of being half starved. (appear)9. The police have _ a plot against the President. (cover)10. The doctor said that Marys mother needed an _.(operate) foreigners satisfactory simplify appearance uncovered operation 5. More and more _ hav11. She hoped that he

22、r son would become a _. (music)12. Few _ words made us excited. (speak)13. The days on the moon get hotter than _ water. (boil)14. Thank you for your _. (kind)15. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _ . (expensive)16. Most interna

23、tional _ letters are written in English, too. (busy)musician spoken boiling kindness expenses business 11. She hoped that her son wou17. The boy noticed an _ mistake on his paper, but he decided not to say anything about it. (correct)18. When in Rome, do as the _ do. (Rome)19. The teacher was please

24、d with her _. (honest)20. The mother didnt know why her daughter was crying _. (noise) uncorrected Romans honesty noisily 17. The boy noticed an _記單詞時(shí)，眼到、口到、手到、心到。用幾分鐘時(shí)間仔細(xì)觀察該詞結(jié)構(gòu)，找出特點(diǎn)，聯(lián)想。 適時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)，不斷重復(fù)。記與訓(xùn)練結(jié)合：日記、作文、練習(xí)、翻譯、口語(yǔ)。特別注意容易拼錯(cuò)的地方，尋找各種辦法加深印象。利用個(gè)人的最佳記憶時(shí)段背單詞，切忌貪多，時(shí)間控制在一個(gè)半個(gè)小時(shí)以?xún)?nèi)。 單詞記憶建議 記單詞時(shí)，眼到、口到、手到、心到

25、。用幾分鐘時(shí)間仔細(xì)觀察該詞結(jié)二、詞匯考試重點(diǎn)詞義理解短語(yǔ)理解同義詞辨析固定搭配二、詞匯考試重點(diǎn)詞義理解考試大綱要求領(lǐng)會(huì)式掌握4500個(gè)單詞，以及由這些詞構(gòu)成的常用詞組、固定搭配等。 常用詞組是考查的重點(diǎn)，要么出現(xiàn)在詞匯試題中，要么出現(xiàn)在完形填空中，是記憶的重點(diǎn)。存在問(wèn)題：廣度不夠，深度不夠（多義、誤用、搭配）考試大綱要求領(lǐng)會(huì)式掌握4500個(gè)單詞，以及由這些詞構(gòu)成的常用詞義理解The rain was heavy and _ the land was flooded.A. consequently B. constantly C. continuously D. consistently轉(zhuǎn)折：h

26、owever, nevertheless, still, conversely, anyway, notwithstanding遞進(jìn)：besides, moreover, furthermore因果：therefore, thus, accordingly, consequently詞義理解The rain was heavy and _There is an undesirable _ nowadays to make films showing violence.A. directionB. phenomenonC. traditionD. trendThere is an undesir

27、able _ n短語(yǔ)理解They _ in spite of the extremely conditions.A. carried outB. carried onC. carried off D. carried forwardImportant people dont often have much time as their work _ all the time.A. takes awayB. takes upC. takes overD. takes in短語(yǔ)理解They _ in spite of the 同義詞辨析Children and old people do not l

28、ike having their daily _ upset.A. habitB. practiceC. routineD. customThe branches could hardly _ the weight of the fruit.A. retainB. sustainC. maintainD. remain同義詞辨析Children and old people 固定搭配It was difficult to guess what her _ to the news would be.A. impressionB. commentC. reactionD. opinion固定搭配I

29、t was difficult to guess學(xué)位英語(yǔ)詞匯基礎(chǔ)練習(xí) 1. Our manager is _ an important customer now and he will be back this afternoon. A. calling onB. calling in C. calling up D. calling for2. I must congratulate you _ the excellent design of the new bridge. A. with B. of C. at D. on3. I was so _ in todays history le

30、sson. I didnt understand a thing.A. amazed B. neglected C. confused D. amused4. The soldier was _ of running away when the enemy attacked. A. scolded B. charged C. accused D. punished 5. I caught a _ of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street. A. vision B. glimpse C. look D. s

31、cene 學(xué)位英語(yǔ)詞匯基礎(chǔ)練習(xí) 1. Our manager is _學(xué)位英語(yǔ)詞匯基礎(chǔ)練習(xí) 1. Our manager is _ an important customer now and he will be back this afternoon. A. calling onB. calling in C. calling up D. calling for2. I must congratulate you _ the excellent design of the new bridge. A. with B. of C. at D. on3. I was so _ in todays

32、 history lesson. I didnt understand a thing.A. amazed B. neglected C. confused D. amused4. The soldier was _ of running away when the enemy attacked. A. scolded B. charged C. accused D. punished 5. I caught a _ of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street. A. vision B. glimpse C

33、. look D. scene 學(xué)位英語(yǔ)詞匯基礎(chǔ)練習(xí) 1. Our manager is _6. The student was just about to _ the question when he suddenly found the answer. A. arrive atB. submit to C. work out D. give up 7. The plane _ , its bombs exploding as it struck the ground. A. smashed B. crushed C. plunged D. crashed8. A completely ne

34、w situation will _ when the examination system comes into existence.A. arise B. rise C. raise D. arouse9. Most people who travel in the course of their work are given traveling _. A. income B. wages C. allowances D. pay 10. He will surely finish the job on time _ hes left to do it in his own way.A.

35、in that B. in case C. as far as D. so long as11. Our journey was slow because the trained stopped _ at different villages.A. unceasingly B. gradually C. continuously D. continually6. The student was just about 6. The student was just about to _ the question when he suddenly found the answer. A. arri

36、ve atB. submit to C. work out D. give up 7. The plane _ , its bombs exploding as it struck the ground. A. smashed B. crushed C. plunged D. crashed8. A completely new situation will _ when the examination system comes into existence.A. arise B. rise C. raise D. arouse9. Most people who travel in the

37、course of their work are given traveling _. A. income B. wages C. allowances D. pay 10. He will surely finish the job on time _ hes left to do it in his own way.A. in that B. in case C. as far as D. so long as11. Our journey was slow because the trained stopped _ at different villages.A. unceasingly

38、 B. gradually C. continuously D. continually6. The student was just about 12. I hope that youll be more careful in typing the letter. Dont _ anything.A. lack B. withdrawC. omit D. leak 13. After several nuclear disasters(災(zāi)難), a _ has raged(上升) over the safety nuclear energy.A. quarrelB. suspicion C.

39、 verdict D. controversy 14. Before he stared work, I asked the builder to give me an _ of the cost of repairing the roof.A. assessment B. estimate C. announcement D. evaluation 15. Her parents will never _ to such an unsuitable marriage. A. approve B. consent C. confront D. collide 16. In this compa

40、ny, this is not the kind of treatment I am _ to.A. in favor B. willing C. accustomed D. certainly17. We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield _ any military threat(武力威脅).A. on B. to C. in D. with12. I hope that youll be more12. I hope that youll be more careful in typing the letter.

41、 Dont _ anything.A. lack B. withdrawC. omit D. leak 13. After several nuclear disasters(災(zāi)難), a _ has raged(上升) over the safety nuclear energy.A. quarrelB. suspicion C. verdict D. controversy 14. Before he started work, I asked the builder to give me an _ of the cost of repairing the roof.A. assessme

42、nt B. estimate C. announcement D. evaluation 15. Her parents will never _ to such an unsuitable marriage. A. approve B. consent C. confront D. collide 16. In this company, this is not the kind of treatment I am _ to.A. in favor B. willing C. accustomed D. certainly17. We love peace, yet we are not t

43、he kind of people to yield _ any military threat(武力威脅).A. on B. to C. in D. with12. I hope that youll be more18. Jim was late again, but this time he couldnt _ the reason.A. interpret B. speak C. take to D. account for 19. As parents, you should treat your children _ as possible as you can.A. patien

44、tly B. slowly C. certainly D. similarly 20. The students were participating international energy-saving competitions between towns in New England and Canada. A. for B. in C. to D. at 補(bǔ)充重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)及短語(yǔ)：21. The newly invented machine is_. It refuses to work.A. out of date B. out of question C. out of order D.

45、 out of control 22. The construction of the railway through the mountainous region has been_by the heavy rain.A. held B. held on C. held up D. held in 23. Having a cup of tea while reading the newspaper is one of my favorite_. A. manners B. times C. occasions D. pastimes 24. Proverb goes that we sho

46、uld never judge a person by this look. The little man was_more than one meter fifty all. Yet he was the chief manager of the company.A. nearly B. quite C. hardly D. almost 18. Jim was late again, but th18. Jim was late again, but this time he couldnt _ the reason.A. interpret B. speak C. take to D.

47、account for 19. As parents, you should treat your children _ as possible as you can.A. patiently B. slowly C. certainly D. similarly 20. The students were participating international energy-saving competitions between towns in New England and Canada. A. for B. in C. to D. at 補(bǔ)充重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)及短語(yǔ)：21. The newly

48、invented machine is_. It refuses to work.A. out of date B. out of question C. out of order D. out of control 22. The construction of the railway through the mountainous region has been_by the heavy rain.A. held B. held on C. held up D. held in 23. Having a cup of tea while reading the newspaper is o

49、ne of my favorite_. A. manners B. times C. occasions D. pastimes 24. Proverb goes that we should never judge a person by his look. The little man was_more than one meter fifty all. Yet he was the chief manager of the company.A. nearly B. quite C. hardly D. almost 18. Jim was late again, but th25. Though he claimed time and again that he had no intention to harm the girl，it does not alter the fact that he was the man for the death of her.A. accountingB. guilty C. responsible D. obliged 26. Not that