英語四級完形填空技巧市公開課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、Cloze4 periods第1頁綱領(lǐng)要求：依據(jù)綱領(lǐng)，完形填空是在一篇題材熟悉難度適中短文（約）中留出個(gè)空格，要求學(xué)生在全方面了解內(nèi)容基礎(chǔ)上選擇一個(gè)最正確答案，使短文意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整考試時(shí)間分鐘，占總分值文章體裁說明議論為主第2頁能力要求：篇章了解力（文章即使抽掉個(gè)詞，但內(nèi)容還是能夠了解假如考生不能了解文章內(nèi)容，就難將正確詞填入文中所以，完形首先考查閱讀了解能力）句法結(jié)構(gòu)（完形包括語義和語法關(guān)系語義關(guān)系指前句與后句或上段與下段之間意義內(nèi)容上連貫與一致語法關(guān)系主要指句與句之間并列或主從關(guān)系定語，主語，賓語，表語，同位語和狀語從句等詞匯知識（實(shí)詞與虛詞）句型搭配（動詞名詞形容詞慣用句型，搭配等）

2、第3頁命題趨勢：依據(jù)對近年四級考試完形填空真題分析，呈以下趨勢：考查內(nèi)容以詞匯為主，其中詞匯辨義占主要部分實(shí)詞考查又是重中之重，動詞名詞形容詞副詞詞義辨析是歷年完形填空必考項(xiàng)目，占到全部題數(shù)以上不但如此，動詞出題頻率顯著高于其它詞類，所以必須熟悉其詞義及使用方法固定搭配等邏輯關(guān)系也是完形必考內(nèi)容。考查語義銜接和語法銜接前者需要辨析選項(xiàng)中各個(gè)單詞含義，選出符合文章內(nèi)容選項(xiàng)后者則包括語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)非謂語形式主謂一致從句引導(dǎo)詞等從年以來，完形填空體裁幾乎都是說明文或是議論性說明文這類文章文字簡練，通常開頭點(diǎn)題，說明對象是什么結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，普通按時(shí)間次序空間次序邏輯次序（前因后果，先果后因，先主后次）以及認(rèn)識次

3、序（由此及比，由淺入深，由詳細(xì)到抽象，由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)）進(jìn)行說明或者描寫文章題材包括社會生活文化教育科普知識商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)等內(nèi)容較為寬泛，但專業(yè)性不強(qiáng)，不會出現(xiàn)難以了解觀點(diǎn)或者復(fù)雜說明過程第4頁完形填空五大考點(diǎn)：詞義辨析（近義詞形近詞辨析）Sample: Children in low-income families and poor communities are 70 likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 71 the resources needed to pay for participation

4、 72 , equipment, and transportation to practices and games 73 their communications do not have resources to build and 74 sports fields and facilities.70 A) little B) less C) more D) much71 A) shrink B) tighten C) limit D) lack72 A) bill B) accounts C) fees D) fare73 A) so B) as C) and D) but74 A) ma

5、intain B) sustain C) contain D) entertain(副詞辨義，動詞辨義，名詞辨義，連詞辨義，形近詞辨析）第5頁固定搭配（動名，名形，動副搭配等，其中動詞與其它詞搭配考查頻率最高）Sample: Families of 76 many as 10 people have had to shelter 77 a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 78 with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” o

6、fficials say. “They are 79 of free fresh fruit.76 A like B as C so D too77 A by B below C under D with78 A facilities B instruments C implements D appliances79 A seeking B dreaming C longing D searching第6頁邏輯銜接（所填空格句子與上下文組成指代列舉因果比較對比讓步補(bǔ)充遞進(jìn)等邏輯關(guān)系其中，并列因果遞進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系是?？伎键c(diǎn)）Sample: But human language permits com

7、munication about anything, 71 things like unicorns that have never existed.A only B almost C even D just第7頁常見邏輯關(guān)系：并列 and, as well as, both and, not onlybut also, neithernor 轉(zhuǎn)折 but, however, whereas, while, yet, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the other hand, notbut, rather than, still 選擇

8、or, nor, or else, otherwise, eitheror遞進(jìn) besides, also, even, moreover, likewise, furthermore, whats more, in addition解釋 that is to say, in other words時(shí)間 when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, once, every time, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, then, meanwhile, subsequently, afterward, later

9、, the moment/day/minute/ second比較 asas, not soas, the same as, than, in contrast, on the contrary條件 if, unless, providing/ provided that, as/so long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, only if, if only因果 because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, for, thus, so,

10、therefore, hence, consequently, accordingly, as a result, so that, for fear that, lest, in order that, sothat, suchthat讓步 though, although, even if/though, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, no matter, whetheror第8頁4 結(jié)構(gòu)識別Not only but alsoThe more the moresomethe others/ still others第9頁5 語法規(guī)則（不是重點(diǎn)，仍是

11、考點(diǎn)）句法搭配：動副；動名從句：定語，狀語等（連接詞選擇）非謂語：不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，動名詞主謂一致：人稱數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)等句型句式：簡單，并列，復(fù)合，省略，倒裝，虛擬語氣等Sample: So 72 the New England Journal of Medicine last week 73 a study about in-flight medical events, I read it 74 interest.72 A before B since C when D while73 A collected B conducted C discovered D published

12、74 A by B of C with D in第10頁快速解題技巧：一利用排除法排除顯著干擾項(xiàng)假如不能很有把握選出答案，能夠利用排除法，先將各項(xiàng)帶入空白處，排除顯著不符句意選項(xiàng)，從而縮小選擇范圍詳細(xì)來講，能夠利用以下技巧：判斷所填詞在句中充當(dāng)什么成份，應(yīng)是什么詞性，從而排除干擾選項(xiàng)利用上下文時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和語氣排除不符合要求干擾選項(xiàng)利用名詞數(shù)來判斷各項(xiàng)是否符合句子要求尋找與空白處組成搭配詞語，從而排除不能與其搭配詞語將各項(xiàng)帶入空白處將句子譯成漢語，排除顯著不能使句子通順選項(xiàng)第11頁Sample: Moods should be from emotions which are usually mor

13、e intense, 70 to specific circumstances, and often conscious.A related B referred C attached D association第12頁尋找固定搭配或習(xí)慣使用方法利用詞匯間搭配關(guān)系經(jīng)常能夠無需了解上下文而直接確定答案，即使確定不了答案也往往能夠排除一些顯著不符合搭配關(guān)系選項(xiàng)縮小選擇范圍，提升準(zhǔn)確率Sample: This measures the electrical activity of the wearers brain, in much the 78 way as some machines used

14、for A familiar B similar C identical D same第13頁理清句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)對解答完形填空尤其主要，這不但僅限于直接考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)題目，在解答那些不是針對語法結(jié)構(gòu)而設(shè)置題目時(shí)，考生也必須仔細(xì)分析每個(gè)句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)，從而了解句子含義和上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系，最終填入正確詞第14頁尋找復(fù)現(xiàn)和同現(xiàn)關(guān)系“同現(xiàn)”指意義上相關(guān)詞匯出現(xiàn)在同一語篇中組成以某一話題為中心詞匯鏈Sample: I have no doubt that all these people were 74 in school that the earth revolves around the s

15、un; (they) may even have written it (on) a test.A advised B suggested C learned D taught“復(fù)現(xiàn)”包含原詞重復(fù)同近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等Sample 1: If you are buying a hairdryer, you might (think) that you are making the 66 buy if choose one (whose) look you like and which is also the cheapest (in) price.A proper B best C reas

16、onable D mostSample 2: when our friends are happy and “up”, that tends to influence us positively, when they are “down”, that can have a 75 impact on us.A relative B decisive C negative D sensitive第15頁熟悉慣用邏輯關(guān)系詞語詳細(xì)見前面Sample: The concept was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode

17、 Island 84 a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test.A once B after C since D while（按照正常邏輯關(guān)系，想法應(yīng)該是出現(xiàn)在朋友埋怨之后，故答案為為強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)，但它引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，主句普通用完成時(shí)）第16頁利用文章和段落主題句為了使考生易于了解文章內(nèi)容，出題者在設(shè)計(jì)完形填空試題時(shí)，總是保留一個(gè)完整或是大半個(gè)完整表示主旨句子，而這么句子往往位于文章開頭所以，考生應(yīng)充分利用文章開頭了解文章主旨另外，段落首句也是該段主題句，所以考生要充分利用段首句提供信息，把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)和行文思緒第17頁答題步驟：一