時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)講義-英語(yǔ)高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法部分

1、時(shí)態(tài)一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)X將來(lái)一般將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)X過去將來(lái)過去將來(lái)時(shí)過去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)X過去將來(lái)完成時(shí)X過去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)X一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)包括sometimes, often, usually, always, vccasicnallv, now and then, on weekends, on Sundans, every week/inonth/year 等She always takes a walk in the ev

2、ening.He often does his homework in his study.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象、諺語(yǔ)格言中，此用法即使出現(xiàn)在 過去語(yǔ)境中，也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The moon goes around the earth.Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)?He said the earth is round.主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，由 when, after, before, as soon as, the minute,whenever 等弓I 導(dǎo)的 時(shí)間狀從和 由if, unless, as kmw as, once 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀從和

3、 however,even if 等引導(dǎo)的 讓步狀從中一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:Ill go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there.I will tell her when she comes tomorrow.Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will take place.在以here, there開頭的句子里，go, come等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng) 作。例如:There goes (he bell.鈴響了。There come

4、s the bus.汽車來(lái) J。Here she comes.她來(lái)了。二、一般過去時(shí)表示過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或者某個(gè)人過去的經(jīng)歷，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，常用的時(shí) 間狀語(yǔ)有 vesterdav, the day before、esterda、f, an hour ao, the other dayjast month/、ear, just now, in 1982, in the old days, in the past, when I was、ou叫 when I was in London.when I was a child 等I received two letters last we

5、ek.The Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2(X)8.When I was in Beijing, I often went to Beijing university.表示某人過去的經(jīng)歷1)Have you graduated from the university?Yes, I learned English for 4 years in the university.- Have you finished your homework ?Yes, I(finish) it within half an hour.I(be) in London

6、 for 10 years, but I have never regretted returning to China.think，intend, wonder, realize等用過去時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話人原來(lái)沒有料到/打算/想到等I thought you were a student.I didnt think /realize you failed again.I didnt intend I。hurt you.used to do sth過去博常做某事We used to spend our vacation in the mountains句型. It is (hih/about) ti

7、me sb did sth/ It is time that sb should do sth. 是時(shí)候該干某事了It is time you went to bed. wish/would rather sb did sth寧愿某人做某事，用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)時(shí)間的虛擬I would rather you caine toinorrow/now.三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況。常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next dav/weck/month, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in+時(shí)間段，before+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，in the future 等.wi

8、ll/shall do sth1)表示1.事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)；Fish will die without water.will表示將來(lái)，有時(shí)含2.偶然性、臨時(shí)性的決定的意思。Do you know Mr. Smith has come (o our town?-No, I will go and visit him right now.be going to do sthi)表示事先考慮過，i.計(jì)劃、打算做某事，注意區(qū)分一下win表示臨時(shí)性決定的 用法。He is going to speak on Tv this evening.2)表示N根據(jù)現(xiàn)有跡象對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行推斷。Look at t

9、he dark clouds. It is going to rain.注意：was大。加父fo表示過去本打算做某事,但未做Tom, you didnt come to the party last night?I was -oina to、but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.be doing sth有些表方位移動(dòng)的由詞如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return等,其現(xiàn)在 進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、安排近期將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Im leaving fbr Beijing next month.be about to

10、do sth.(when). / be on the point of doing sth (when)”即將做某事(這 時(shí)突然)”某些動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示計(jì)劃、安排將要做的事情,此種用法常常用于火車時(shí) 刻、飛機(jī)時(shí)刻、電影開演、作息安排等時(shí)刻表上。We must huny up. The first class begins at 8 oclock.The train leaves al 5 and arrives al 8.be to do sth1)表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事She is to get married next month.2)表示“應(yīng)該”,相當(dāng)于should, ough

11、t to.You are to report it to the police.3)表示“想,打算“，相當(dāng)宇intend, want.If we are to be there before ten, we Ml have to go now.四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is /are doing sth表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也表示一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為二 now, at present, at the moment, these days 等I am writing a novel these days.Fm doing a word puzzle in this new

12、spaper.與 be always doing sth , constantly, continually, forever, all the time 等連用，帶有 厭惡、批評(píng)、不喜歡、贊揚(yáng)等感情色彩。You are always putting your things around. 你總是.He is always helping others.2)以下四類動(dòng)詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)感覺類：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear 等The soup tastes good.情感類：like, love, prefer, admire, hate

13、, fear, adore 等I love my dad and mum.心態(tài)類： wish, hope, want, need, believe, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 等I dont believe my eyes.存在狀態(tài)類：appear, lie, remain, belong, have 等Those books belong to Mr. Li.五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were doing sth表示過去某一時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Is there anything Wrong Bob? You look sa

14、d.-Oh, nothing much. In fact I was just thinking of mv friend back home.Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.Where was I?You were saying you didnt like your fathers job.Hey, look where you are going?Oh, I m terribly sorry. I wasnt noticing.六、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doin口 sth表示將來(lái)某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。Doctor W

15、ang will be civinq another talk on this subject at the same time next week.This time tomorrow I will be watching you play on TV.七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done sth表示過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，或者動(dòng)作從過去發(fā)生一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響， 常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有，for+一段時(shí)間，since+過去時(shí)間，since then, ever since, s。far/ bv now/ until now/ uv to no。、 latel、/rccenth , i

16、n the past/last (few/ten years), 還有 already, vet, just, never, ever, still 等常跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.He has written 8 books so far.I have already seen the film.They have worked here since they left college.By now/Until now/ Up to now, I has remem

17、bered 3()(X) English words.在“最高級(jí)+名詞”的句子中用用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This is the best tea( that) I have ever drunk.This is the best film I have ever seen.It/This is the first/second.time(that) sb have done sth 某人第幾次做某事This is the first time (that) I have come here.It+ has been/is +一段時(shí)間 + since sb did sth 表示動(dòng)作從終止已經(jīng)多久了。It

18、has been five years since he lived here.他不在這工作已經(jīng) 5 年了。It has been five years since he began to work here.他在這工作已經(jīng)五年 了。It has been 3 years since he smoked.他不吸煙已經(jīng)三年了。4V- have/has gone to去了某地，還未回來(lái)Yhave/has been to去過某地，已經(jīng)回來(lái)Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai.S

19、he has been there.5)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，即瞬間動(dòng)詞，如 join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表 示一.時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用.如他參軍已經(jīng)三年了可采用：1)“ago 法”：He joined the army three years ago.2)“延續(xù)法：He has served in the army for three years.He has been a soldier fo

20、r 3 years.He has been in the army for 3 years.3) “since 法“：It is/has been three years since he joined the army. 翻譯：他和瑪麗結(jié)婚已經(jīng)三年了。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:結(jié)婚 marry- be married買 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:結(jié)婚 marry- be married買 buyhave死亡 die -be dead;生病 fall ill be ill；感冒 catch / get a cold-have a cold；成為 become - be；睡著

21、 fall asleepbe asleep；認(rèn)識(shí) get to know -know；穿 put on wear；醒 wake up -be awake翻開 turn on -be on睡覺 go to sleep be asleep翻開/關(guān)閉 open/close sth -keep sth open/closed；參加joinbe in+組織機(jī)構(gòu)或be a member of +組織機(jī)構(gòu);上學(xué) go to schoolbe in school / be a student;交朋友 make friends withbe friends with借borrow -keep;離開 leave

22、-be away結(jié)束 finish / end / stop-be over 起床 get upbe up；照去 conie/go here -be here/there； 回來(lái) come backbe back；至!J達(dá) get to/ arrive/reach be (in)； 出去 go (get) out -be out； 去國(guó)外 go abroad be abroad; 關(guān)閉 turn offbe off動(dòng)身 leave for-be off for失業(yè) lose one*s job / workbe out of work / a job 等八、過去完成時(shí)had done sth表

23、示“過去的過去”，必須找過去的時(shí)間作為參照點(diǎn)，常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有，by+過去時(shí)間,by the end of + 過去時(shí)間， by the time + 過去時(shí)間. b、then, until then 等。He had learned some English before she came to the institute.He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.By 1998. he had studied French for 2 years.By the end of last year, I had remembered 5000 wo

24、rds.By then he had learned English for 3 years.Until then he had known nothing about it yet.By the time he arrived home, his mother had cooked supper for him.By the time he was 12 years old, he had built a lab for himself.表示愿望、打算的詞 如：had planned/intended/hoped/expected/ineant, want, wish, suppose等，其過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.had