句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)分析河南省某中學北師大英語選修7課件(共22張)

1、高二英語語法專項：句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)分析英語學習中的難點： 1.詞匯 2. 語法：各種從句，非謂語動詞 3. 閱讀：長難句子 4. 寫作常見錯誤句子1. My poor English makes me cant communicate with others.2. There are many experts will attend the meeting.3. The professor delivers/delivered a speech about pollution now is a scholar from Harvard University.4. While read, pay

2、attention to your pronunciation.5. They collected 5000 tents, half of them were sent to the earth-stricken area. 英語重形合，漢語重意合 簡單句：五種基本句型: 句子：并列句：并列連詞連接的兩個或多個簡單句 主從復(fù)合句 定語從句 名詞性從句：主語/賓語/表語/同位語從句 狀語從句：時間/條件/地點/讓步/原因/結(jié)果 目的/方式/比較狀語從句 一、簡單句的五種句子結(jié)構(gòu)主語+謂語(vi)主語+謂語+賓語主語+系動詞+表語主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語英語句子可

3、以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。S+V1).The rain has stopped. 2).The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 3). What he said does not matter. 此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。S+V+O1). I dont know the professor from America. 2).She avoided answering t

4、heir questions.3).He found that he was in prison the next morning.此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。S+V+P1). Mr Black is a professor from Cambridge University. 2). The theory sounds reasonable. 3). He fell in love. 此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個

5、表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。Compare：My hobby is collecting stamps. The organization is collecting money to help those in need. S+V+O+O有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，這兩個賓語通常一個指人(間接賓語)；一個指物(直接賓語)。 (I)bring, give, hand, lend, owe, offer, send, show, teach, tellHe showed me how to run the machine. He lent me

6、 his computer.= He lent his computer to me.(II). buy, build, choose, fetch, drawHe drew me a picture.= He drew a picture for me.He bought her a novel.= He bought a novel for her.+ + 此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。1). I found her a famous poet. 2). Sit down and make

7、 yourself comfortable.3). The doctor advised me to give up smoking.Compare: 1. Tom teaches him chemistry. （句型四） 2. They make him president.（句型五）二、八大句子成分一. 主語(subject)：n. / pron / num.二. 謂語(predicate)：v. (vt.vi.link-v.)三. 賓語(object)：n. / pron. / num.四. 表語(predictive): n. / pron. / a. / ad. / num. / p

8、rep五定語(attributive)：n. / pron. / a. / num. / prep. 六. 狀語(adverbial)：ad. / prep. 七補語(object complement)：n. / a. 八同位語(appositive)：n. / pron. 定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，譯為的單個形容詞作定語通常位于被修飾的成分前，不定代詞（something/nothing）之后；不定式/分詞短語/從句作定語時要放在被修飾的成分后；五、定語(attributive)：n. / pron. / a. / num. / prep. Forty-three

9、-year-old Brian from Birmingham is sitting on his sofa and telling me about his perfect day. The workers included all ages and backgrounds:college graduates starting their careers, young housewivesanxious to increase the family income, society women insearch of a good reputation, and older women who

10、 have lost their husbands or who cant stand their empty houses after the last child has left. 六、狀語(adverbial)：ad. / prep. 狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的句子成分，說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、讓步、方向、程度、目的等，可用作狀語的還有不定式，分詞，從句等。 To realize his dream, Tom becomes very interested in business.We should take short breaks regularly.Althou

11、gh most of them are still holding tight to the womanly jobs, a growing number of pioneers are coming into other fields. Shelearnedtocookbytrialanderror.找出下面句子中的狀語Whether that story was true or not, the Americans returned home and immediately began to try and defeat the Russians by using pharmaceutic

12、al (藥物) improvements. 七、補語(object complement)：n. / a. 賓語補足語：位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分。可以用作賓語補足語的有名詞，形容詞，不定式，動名詞，分詞，介詞短語等。 We want to make our school more beautiful.Dont leave a child alone in a room.With all the money used up, the man had to seek a job for a living.My parents dont allow me to stay up.八、同位語(a

13、ppositive)：n. / pron.同位語 當兩個指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時，一個句子成分用來說明和解釋另一個句子成分，這個句子成分就叫做它的同位語。I take Tina, the dog, for a walk every afternoon. We students like playing basketball. He set a good example to us students.We have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop the epidemic in its tracks.He refus

14、ed my suggestion that the sports meeting should be put off.劃分句子成分You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.3. As the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare to open a window.4. The developed and developing countries of the worl

15、d need to work together to make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives主語 謂語 間賓 賓語從句 主語 謂語 賓語 目的狀語狀語從句 主語 謂語 賓語 英語句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。Step 1: 掌握五種基本句型，八種句子成分。Step 2: 會判斷簡單句、并列句、并列復(fù)合句還是主從復(fù)合句。Step 3: 確定謂語找主語，確定句子主干，弄清附屬成分。Step 4: 提取主干、去除附屬成分之后，找關(guān)聯(lián)詞、辨邏輯 (并列連詞和從屬連詞)。Step 5: 分清主句和從句后，再分

16、別弄清主句和從句的附屬成分。如何精深長難句？ The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. 長難句分析示例謂語主語定語狀語時間狀語從句，省略了主語和be動詞句意: 討人喜歡的人能與他人相處很好，因而能增強校園友誼，激發(fā)人際交往的能力。這些品質(zhì)如能及早發(fā)現(xiàn)，會在未來的工作和生活中發(fā)揮作用。They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.句子主干主語+謂語方式狀語非限制性定語從句介詞短語作狀語句子翻譯：她們“名聲大起”，不是靠與人友善，而是靠吸煙、違反紀律和取笑別人。不久，我也淪為了受害者。In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popula