外研版高中英語必修一課件：Module4Grammar

1、高中英語課件（madeofdingshangtuwen）Module4ASocialSurveyMyNeighbourhoodGrammar1.Learntheusageofthepresentperfecttense.2.Knowthedifferencesbetweenthepresentperfecttenseandthepastsimpletense.1.Itsbeensixyearssincewelastsaweachother.2.ThisisthefirsttimeIvevisitedyourhometown.3.Ivevisitedsomebeautifulcities,but

2、thisisoneofthemostattractiveplacesIvebeento.4.Theyveputupalotofhigh-risebuildingsrecently.TrytofindhowPresentPerfectTenseisformedForm:Usage:1.Anactioncompletedinthepastbutconnectedwiththepresentsituation.2.Anactionbeginsinthepastandstillcontinues.have/hasdone用法:1.“已完成”用法：過去發(fā)生，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或結(jié)果。例如：1）Iclean

3、edmyhands.我洗手了。（僅僅指過去的一個動作而已。）2）Ihavejustcleanedmyhands,andtheyarecleannow.我剛洗過手,現(xiàn)在很干凈了。（“洗手”是發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“手干凈了”）2.“未完成”用法：過去已開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。標志詞：for,since,sofar,bynow,thesedays,inthelast/pasttenyearsIhavelivedhereforovertenyears.Hehasstudiedheresince2006.Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihav

4、entseenhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?【拓展】1.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,lately等。2.現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasions等。HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?IhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ih

5、aveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.3.現(xiàn)在完成時往往還可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如now,uptothesedays/weeks/months/years,thismorning/week/month/year,now,today,uptopresent,sofar，inthepast/lastfewyears等。Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcountryinthepastfewyears.Uptonoweverythinghasbeen

6、successful.1.句子中含有for或since等引導(dǎo)的短語或句子時，謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性動詞。注意事項：Hehaslivedheresince1978.Shehasbeenmarriedfor10years.TrueorFalse1.IhavereadthereferencebookbutIdontunderstandit.（）2.Ihaveboughtthepenforthreeyears.()3.Icantfindmyglasses.Haveyouseenit?()4.Theboyhasfallenillfortwodays.()5.Hisfatherhasdiedfortenye

7、ars.()6.Thefilmhasbeenonforhalfanhour.()TFhadTFbeenFbeendeadT【即學(xué)即練】2.Sentencepatterns(幾種常見的固定句式）It/Thisisthefirst/secondtimethatThisisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoChina.2)It/Thisisthebest/finest/mostinterestingthatThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3)Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since+過去式Ithasbeensevenyearssince

8、hesmoked.3.一般過去時&現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。Ilostmypenyesterday.我昨天丟了鋼筆。（強調(diào)昨天的動作）Ihavelostmypen.我把鋼筆丟了。（強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果）Heworkedinthathospital8yearsago.我八年前在那家醫(yī)院工作。（單純指過去的動作）Hehasworkedinthathospitalfor8years.他在醫(yī)院已經(jīng)工作了八年了。（強調(diào)動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上

9、海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))去過上海。4.havebeen與havegone的區(qū)別1)I_(see)TomlastFriday.2)_you_(go)totheGreatWalllastsummer?3)Where_you_(put)mypen?I_(put)itinmypencil-box,butitsnowheretobefound.4)When_you_(start)toliveinChina?【即學(xué)即練】用動詞的適當形式填空：sawDidgohaveputputdidstart5)Thetrain_(leave)already.When_thetrain_(

10、leave)?6)IthasbeenfiveyearssinceI_(meet)youlast.7)Where_you_(be)forthelasttwoweeks?8)I_(lose)mypeninthebedroom.Ihavetowritewithapencil.hasleftdidleavemethavebeenhavelostWhatstheadverbialoftime?already,yet,ever,neversince,for,recently.WhatstheformofthePresentPerfectTense?have/hasdoneWhatsthedifferenc

11、esbetweenthepresentperfecttenseandthepastsimpletense?.Somespecialsentencestructure?Thisisthefirsttime.Thisisthebest.現(xiàn)在完成時知多少？1.Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?【2012湖南高考】Sorry,I_thepianoforyears.A.dontplayB.wasntplayC.haventplayedD.hadntplayed【解析】選C。句意：我記得大學(xué)時你是一名很有天賦

12、的鋼琴家，能為我彈奏一曲嗎？抱歉，我已經(jīng)好多年沒彈鋼琴了。表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時。2.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_allovertheworld.【2011天津高考】A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproduced【解析】選B。句意：在過去的幾年里，全世界成千上萬的電影已被制作。題干中的inthelastfewyears是現(xiàn)在完成時的標志，根據(jù)句意表被動，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，故選B。3.Ididntaskforthenamelist.Wh

13、y_onmydesk?Iputittherejustnowincaseyouneededit.【2011安徽高考】A.doesitlandB.hasitlandedC.willitlandD.haditlanded【解析】選B。句意：我沒有要名單，怎么名單在我桌上？我剛才放在那里的，免得你需要。問句中談?wù)摰氖虑榧础胺拧钡膭幼靼l(fā)生在過去，強調(diào)的是對話發(fā)生時的情況，需要使用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選B。4.ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI_sinceIcametothisschool.【2011湖南高考】attendedB.hadattendedC.amattending

14、D.haveattended【解析】選D?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。句意：自我來到這所學(xué)校以來，這是我聽過的最有益的一次演講了。5.Uptonow,theprogram_thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.【2010山東高考】A.wouldsaveB.savesC.hadsavedD.hassaved【解析】選D。句意：截止現(xiàn)在，這個項目已經(jīng)挽救了成千上萬的本來會死去的孩子的生命。uptonow是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的標志，所以空格處使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。6.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-

15、makingjobsthey_beforeleavingtheirhometowns.【2010福建高考】A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised【解析】選D?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意：每年大批的農(nóng)民到深圳去尋找賺錢的工作，這些工作是在他們離開家鄉(xiāng)之前已經(jīng)許諾給他們的。7Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?Notuntilwe_ourplan.【2010四川高考】A.willfinishB.arefinishingC.aretofinishD.havefinished【解析】選D。句意：我們什

16、么時候重新開始我們的生意？直到我們完成我們的計劃(才重新開始)。在時間狀語從句中，經(jīng)常用現(xiàn)在完成時表將來完成時。8.Formanyyears,people_electriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.【2010浙江高考】A.haddreamedofB.havedreamedofC.dreamedofD.dreamof【解析】選B。句意：許多年來，人們都一直夢想著電動汽車。然而，制造它們比預(yù)期的要難。由此，推斷此處的夢想從過去到現(xiàn)在。目前，市場上已經(jīng)有了電動汽車，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。9.Imsorry,butIdontquitefollowyou.Didyousayyouwante