1378國(guó)開電大本科《管理英語3》期末考試第三題閱讀之判斷題庫(kù)(珍藏版)

1、1378國(guó)開電大本科管理英語3期末考試第三題閱讀之判斷題庫(kù)(珍藏版) 說明：更新至2021年7月試題，可以根據(jù)試題首字母音序査找試題及答案。試題A question that often troubles food companies is how to control problems like rats and insects without harming the food.Pest control experts say poisons should never be used where they may enter food.They say the first line of d

2、efense against pests is to clean the places where the food is handled or stored. Floors, food preparation surfaces and tools can be disinfected with chemicals like chlorine, iodine or bromine.Food containers should be stored about half a meter off the ground and about half a meter away from any wall

3、s.Storage areas should be kept dry and clean.Containers for raw materials such as rice, wheat, etc.should be kept closed and clean.Any foodstuff split during delivery or handling should he cleared up both inside and outside the building.Pests enter a building from the outside, so pay attention to ou

4、ter walls.Small stones can be used to cover the ground and block the growth of plants and the grass should be kept short to deny pests a place to live.Check that doors and windows are completely closed.Also any hole that might allow pests to enter a building should be filled.Rats can enter through a

5、 hole the size of a coin. A mouse can pass through a hole half that size. Supervisors should make a list of pest control measures to be taken by employees .This will aid the efforts and also help prepare for any inspections.In most countries, there is a food and drug administration bureau, or some a

6、gency with a similar name, which enforces rules nationwide, responsible for rules about the use of pesticides, etc.However, businesses where food is stored, prepared or sold must also follow state and local health laws.Mosl of these governmental departments or bureaus have their websites with inform

7、ation about food safety policies and other issues.People can easily access the information.附密譯：試題經(jīng)常困擾食品公司的一個(gè)問題是如何在不損害食品的情況下控制老鼠和昆蟲等問題。害蟲防治專 家說，毒藥永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該用于可能進(jìn)入食品的地方。他們說，對(duì)付害蟲的第一道防線是淸潔處理或儲(chǔ)存食 物的地方。地板、食物準(zhǔn)備表面和工具可以用氯、碘或澳等化學(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)行消毒。食物容器應(yīng)存放在離地面約半 米的地方，距離任何墻壁約半米。存放區(qū)域應(yīng)保持干燥和清潔。存放大米、小麥等原材料的容器應(yīng)保持密閉和清潔。任何在運(yùn)送或處理過程中裂開的

8、食品應(yīng)在建筑 物內(nèi)外進(jìn)行清理。害蟲從外部進(jìn)入建筑物，因此要注意外部墻壁?？梢杂眯∈^覆蓋地面并阻擋植物的 生長(zhǎng)，草應(yīng)該保持矮小，以使害蟲沒有棲息地。檢查門窗是否完全關(guān)閉。任何可能讓害蟲進(jìn)入建筑物的洞都應(yīng)該填滿。老鼠可以通過硬幣大小的洞 進(jìn)入。老鼠可以通過一半大小的洞。主管應(yīng)列出員工應(yīng)釆取的害蟲防治措施清單。這將有助于工作，也有助于為任何檢查做好準(zhǔn)備。在 大多數(shù)國(guó)家，都有食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局或類似名稱的機(jī)構(gòu)，在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)執(zhí)行規(guī)則，負(fù)責(zé)有關(guān)使用農(nóng)藥 等的規(guī)則。但是，儲(chǔ)存、制備或銷售食品的企業(yè)也必須遵守州和地方的衛(wèi)生法律。這些政府部門或局中 的大多數(shù)都有其網(wǎng)站，提供有關(guān)食品安全的信息政策和其他問題。人

9、們可以輕松訪問這些信息。According lo pest control experts, poisons should never be used as they may enter fbod.l答案TFood preparation surfaces and tools should be kept clean.答案T28.Ouler walls are used to stop pests from entering a building from the outside.答案TPeople can easily access the information about food sa

10、fety policies from the government departments and bureaus. I 案FThe main idea of the passage is how to prevent plants and grass from growing.答案F 附IB譯：根據(jù)害蟲防治專家的說法，切勿使用毒藥，因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軙?huì)進(jìn)入食物。回答T食物準(zhǔn)備表面和工具應(yīng)保持清潔。回答T外墻是用來阻止害蟲從外面進(jìn)入建筑物的?；卮餞人們可以很容易地從政府部門和局獲得有關(guān)食品安全政策的信息。答案F這篇文章的主要思想是如何防止植物和草的生長(zhǎng)。答案F試題A Quality Manageme

11、nt System (QMS) should clearly understand customer requirements, and to provide good design, qualified production in an effective and eificienl way.When the Quality Management System fails to fulfill its function and customer requirements are not met, customers might be upset： management and employe

12、es both might be unhappy, but its negative influence is not so wide-spread.Unluckily, some Quality Management System failures do make headlines.Here are three cases of famous quality management failures：3 MILE ISLANDThe worst nuclear disaster in U.S.history broke out at the 3 Mile Island reactor fac

13、ility in eastern Pennsylvania in March 1979.Proper controls that should have been developed as part of routine safety procedures were not in place.Then the situation was made worse by human error because of the lack of proper training.The only new nuclear power stations built since that day were the

14、 ones already under construction.FORD PINTOThe Ford Pinto is the most well-known and the worst disaster in the whole U.S.automobile industry in the 1970s.Apparently the entire U.S.auto industry decided to spend the 1970s resting on their laurels after building great cars that sold well during the si

15、xties.Nol only were many cars built in the 1970s ugly and poorly designed, they also became very unreliable after 40-50 thousand miles.The Pinto lops the list of QMS failures because of its dangerous design faults and the questionable ethical decisions made by top management.IPHONE 4Apple almost los

16、t its dominance in the smartphone market when it became clear that it was difficult to make a call using the much expected iPhone 4.Calls were dropped suddenly and frequently causing wide spread dissatisfaction among loyal customers who had upgraded to the new model early on.Independent tests showed

17、 that touching the left side of the case at a certain spot interrupted the signal and dropped the call-not a great feature for a handheld device mainly used to make calls.Meanwhile Apple continued to deny or minimize the problem.As the problem continued to make news headlines, Apple eventually agree

18、d to a voluntary recall to correct the problem.All of the above famous quality management failures could probably have been prevented if the principles of a fully functioning quality management system had been in place.附喜譯：試題質(zhì)量管理體系（QMS）應(yīng)該清楚地了解客戶的要求，并以有效和高效的方式提供良好的設(shè)計(jì)、合格 的生產(chǎn)。當(dāng)質(zhì)量管理體系未能發(fā)揮作用，客戶要求得不到滿足時(shí)，客

19、戶可能會(huì)不高興；管理層和員工都可能 不高興，但其負(fù)面影響并不那么廣泛。不幸的是，一些質(zhì)量管理體系的失敗確實(shí)使頭條新聞。以下是著名的質(zhì)畳管理失敗的三個(gè)案例：三英里島美國(guó)歷史上最嚴(yán)重的核災(zāi)難于1979年3月在賓夕法尼亞州東部的3英里島反應(yīng)堆設(shè)施爆發(fā)。本應(yīng) 作為常規(guī)安全程序的一部分制定的適當(dāng)控制措施沒有到位。然后人為錯(cuò)誤使情況變得更糟因?yàn)槿狈m當(dāng) 的培訓(xùn)。從那天起建造的唯一新核電站是那些已經(jīng)在建的。福特平托福特Pinto是1970年代整個(gè)美國(guó)汽車行業(yè)最著名和最嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)難。顯然，整個(gè)美國(guó)汽車行業(yè)在制 造了 60年代暢銷的偉大汽車之后，決定在1970年代安于現(xiàn)狀。不是只是1970年代制造的許多汽車丑 陋

20、且設(shè)計(jì)不佳，它們?cè)谛旭?0-5萬英里后也變得非常不可靠。Pinto因其危險(xiǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)缺陷和高層管理 人員做出的有問題的道德決定而位居質(zhì)量管理體系失敗的榜首。IPhone 4當(dāng)使用備受期待的iPhone 4打電話變得很困難時(shí)，蘋果幾乎失去了在智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng)的主導(dǎo)地位。 電話突然中斷且頻繁地引起了早期升級(jí)到新機(jī)型的忠實(shí)客戶的廣泛不滿。獨(dú)立測(cè)試表明，在某個(gè)位置觸 摸外殼左側(cè)會(huì)中斷信號(hào)并掉線一對(duì)于主要用于撥打電話的手持設(shè)備來說，這并不是一個(gè)很好的功能。同 時(shí)，蘋果繼續(xù)否認(rèn)或最小化這個(gè)問題。作為問題不斷成為新聞?lì)^條，蘋果最終同意自愿召回以糾正問題。如果一個(gè)功能齊全的質(zhì)量管理體系的原則已經(jīng)到位，所有上述著名的質(zhì)

21、量管理失敗可能都可以避 免。操作提示：句子正確選擇下拉選項(xiàng)框?yàn)門；句子錯(cuò)誤選擇下拉選項(xiàng)框?yàn)镕。A company should provide well designed products.| 答案TA company should place companys interest at the first place.答案FA company should reduce the amount of waste.答案TA company should satisfy all employees requirements答案 |FA company should produce qualified

22、 products.答案T附布譯：公司應(yīng)該提供設(shè)計(jì)良好的產(chǎn)品?；卮餞公司應(yīng)把公司利益放在首位。答案F公司應(yīng)該減少浪費(fèi)?；卮餞一個(gè)公司應(yīng)該滿足所有員工的要求。答案F企業(yè)應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)出合格的產(chǎn)品。回答T試題Community service is a service or activity which is performed by someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public or public organizations.While volunteers may provide community service, not e

23、veryone taking part in a community service program is a volunteer, because not everyone is doing it through their own choice.Sometimes people are asked to do it by：their government, as part of a citizenship requirement instead of military service；the courts and other criminal justice punishments；the

24、ir school, to meet the requirements of a class, or to meet the requirements of graduation, or, in the case of parents, required to provide a certain number of hours of service in order for their child to be enrolled in a school or sports team.There are also people providing community service, but th

25、ey receive some form of payment in return for their work.YOUTH COMMUNITY SERVICECommunity service performed by young people, also known as youth service, is intended to strengthen young peoples senses of civic engagement and community, and to help them achieve their educational, developmental and so

26、cial goals.HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATIONMany educational institutions in the United States require students to perform community service hours lo graduate from high school.In some high schools in Washington State, for example, students must complete 60 hours of community service to receive a diploma.CONDIT

27、IONS OF PARTICIPATIONContribution of service is a condition of enrollment in some programs.Most commonly, parents may be required to serve for their child to be enrolled in a school or sports team.COLLEGESThough technically not a requirement, many colleges make community service an unofficial requir

28、ement for acceptance.However, some colleges prefer work experience over community service, and some require that their students also participate in community service in order to graduate.附新譯：試題社區(qū)服務(wù)是由某人或一群人為公眾或公共組織的利益而進(jìn)行的服務(wù)或活動(dòng)。雖然志愿者可以提供社區(qū)服務(wù)，但并不是每個(gè)參與社區(qū)服務(wù)項(xiàng)目的人都是志愿者，因?yàn)椴皇敲總€(gè)人 都是通過自己的選擇去做的。有時(shí)人們會(huì)被要求這樣做：他們的政府

29、，作為公民要求的一部分，而不是服兵役；法院和其他刑事司法處罰；他們的學(xué)校，為了滿足班級(jí)的要求，或者為了滿足畢業(yè)的要求，或者，對(duì)于父母來說，為了讓他 們的孩子進(jìn)入學(xué)?；蜻\(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)。還有一些人提供社區(qū)服務(wù)，但他們會(huì)收到某種形式的報(bào)酬以換取他們的工作。青年社區(qū)服務(wù)青年人進(jìn)行的社區(qū)服務(wù)，也稱為青年服務(wù)，旨在加強(qiáng)青年人的公民參與感和社區(qū)意識(shí)，幫助他們實(shí) 現(xiàn)教育、發(fā)展和社會(huì)目標(biāo)。高中畢業(yè)美國(guó)的許多教育機(jī)構(gòu)要求學(xué)生完成社區(qū)服務(wù)時(shí)間才能從高中畢業(yè)。例如，在華盛頓州的一些高中， 學(xué)生必須完成60小時(shí)的社區(qū)服務(wù)才能獲得文憑。參與條件服務(wù)貢獻(xiàn)是注冊(cè)某些計(jì)劃的條件。最常見的是，父母可能需要為他們的孩子提供服務(wù)才能注冊(cè)學(xué)校

30、 或運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)。學(xué)院雖然從技術(shù)上講不是要求，但許多大學(xué)將社區(qū)服務(wù)作為非官方的錄取要求。然而，一些大學(xué)更喜歡 工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)而不是社區(qū)服務(wù)，還有一些要求他們的學(xué)生也參加社區(qū)服務(wù)才能畢業(yè)。操作提示：句子正確選擇下拉選項(xiàng)框?yàn)門；句子錯(cuò)誤選擇下拉選項(xiàng)框?yàn)镕。The organizer is the beneficiary of community service.偌案F2.Some people who take part in community services are not volunteers.答案T3.Most of the youth who volunteer in community serv

31、ice are motivated by personal purposes.答案F4.1n some high schools, students must complete certain hours of community service to receive a diploma.答 案T5.Every university considers community service is the most important experience for students among other practices, like internship.答案FEmergencies and

32、disasters can occur any time without warning.The more you are prepared for them, the better you will be able to act, reducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs.附新譯：組織者是社區(qū)服務(wù)的受益者。答案F有些參加社區(qū)服務(wù)的人不是志愿者。回答T大多數(shù)志愿參加社區(qū)服務(wù)的青年都是出于個(gè)人目的。答案F在一些高中，學(xué)生必須完成一定時(shí)間的社區(qū)服務(wù)才能獲得文憑?；卮餞每所大學(xué)都認(rèn)為社區(qū)服務(wù)是學(xué)生在實(shí)習(xí)等實(shí)踐中最重要的經(jīng)歷?；卮餏緊急

33、情況和災(zāi)難隨時(shí)可能在沒有預(yù)警的情況下發(fā)生。您為它們準(zhǔn)備得越充分，您就能更好地釆取行動(dòng)， 從而減少緊急情況發(fā)生時(shí)的恐慌和混亂。試題Emergency response plans (ERPs) are intended to provide clear and effective steps for managing an emergency.An ERP should deal with a variety of issues including evacuation of buildings, communication with local emergency services and t

34、he general public, individual roles and responsibilities during an emergency, and supplies and materials that may be needed.Follow these basic guidelines to develop an effective ERP for your workplace：Determine when an evacuation would be necessary.Choose primary and secondary evacuation routes and

35、emergency exits.Make sure they are clearly marked and well lit.Post signs.Install emergency lighting in case a power cut occurs during an evacuation.Ensure that evacuation routes and emergency exits are wide enough for people to be evacuated, clear at all times, and unlikely to expose evacuating peo

36、ple to additional hazards.Coordinate your plan with the local emergency management office.Choose evacuation wardens who will help others during an evacuation and account fbr employees.Establish specific evacuation procedures.This includes a sample ERP to give you a better idea of what your procedure

37、s should include.Establish a system for accounting for evacuated employees.Hold emergency drills at least once a year to ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routes and procedures.Keep records of such drills.Consider the transportation

38、 needs of employees.Post evacuation procedures where employees can read them.Establish procedures fbr helping people with disabilities and people who do not speak your local language. Consider how you could quickly get important personal information about employees in an emergency (for example, cont

39、act numbers for their home, next-of-kin, or special medical conditions.附10譯：試題應(yīng)急響應(yīng)計(jì)劃(ERPs)旨在為管理緊急情況提供清晰有效的步驟。ERP應(yīng)處理各種問題，包括建筑 物疏散、與當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)急服務(wù)和公眾的溝通、個(gè)人角色和責(zé)任在緊急情況下，以及可能需要的用品和材料。請(qǐng)遵循以下基本準(zhǔn)則，為您的工作場(chǎng)所開發(fā)有效的ERP：確定何時(shí)需要疏散。選擇主要和次要疏散路線和緊急出口。確保它們有清晰的標(biāo)記和良好的照明。張貼標(biāo)志。安裝應(yīng)急照明燈，以防疏散過程中發(fā)生斷電。確保疏散路線和緊急出口足夠?qū)?，便于人員疏散，始終暢通無阻，避免疏散人員面

40、臨額外危險(xiǎn)。與當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)急管理辦公室協(xié)調(diào)您的計(jì)劃。選擇在疏散過程中會(huì)幫助他人的疏散管理員，并為員工負(fù)責(zé)。建立具體的疏散程序。這包括一個(gè)樣本ERP,讓您更好地了解您的程序應(yīng)該包括什么。建立撤離人員核算制度。每年至少進(jìn)行一次應(yīng)急演練，確保員工知道在緊急情況下該做什么，并測(cè)試應(yīng)急出口路線和程序的有 效性。保留此類演練的記錄?？紤]員工的交通需求。張貼疏散程序，員工可以閱讀。制定幫助殘疾人和不會(huì)說當(dāng)?shù)卣Z言的人的程序?？紤]如何在緊急情況下快速獲取有關(guān)員工的重要個(gè)人信息（例如，他們的家庭、近親或特殊醫(yī)療狀況 的聯(lián)系電話號(hào)碼。操作提示：句子正確選擇下拉選項(xiàng)框?yàn)門；句子錯(cuò)誤選擇下拉選項(xiàng)框?yàn)镕。The emergen

41、cy response plan is needed for reducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs.答案T 2.Supply of basic necessities is not included in an ERP.答案FAccording to the passage, the blocked emergency exits can help avoid further hazards.答案FThe evacuation plan of your workplace should be in line with tha

42、t of local emergency management office答 案TTo ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routes, the emergency drills should be held once half a year答案F附窗譯：應(yīng)急預(yù)案是為了減少緊急情況發(fā)生時(shí)的恐慌和混亂。回答T基本必需品的供應(yīng)不包括在ERP中。答案F根據(jù)通道，堵塞的緊急出口可以希助避免進(jìn)一步的危險(xiǎn)。答案F您工作場(chǎng)所的疏散計(jì)劃應(yīng)與

43、當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)急管理辦公室一致。回答T為確保員工在緊急情況下知道該怎么做，并測(cè)試緊急出口路線的有效性，應(yīng)急演練應(yīng)每半年舉行一次。 答案FI試題I think the most terrible thing in life for my little brother is getting up in the morning.He is almost sick when my mother calls, Herbert! Its seven Oclock! Get 叩!Herbert answers, T m coming!and goes right back to sleep.Im not at al

44、 1 like my brother.I dont like to go to bed at night but I dont mind getting up in the morning.I usual 1 y wake up before my mother calls me.I jump out of bed and go into the bathroom to take a shower.I get dressed, brush my teeth, comb my hair, and get ready to go downstairs for breakfast as soon a

45、s my mother calls.But not Herbert.He just sleeps.A military band （軍樂隊(duì)）in our bedroom could not wake him up.I call him and say,“Get up! Mum will be up here to pull you out of bed if you dont get up immediately!,But he just sleeps.After calling a few more times my mother has to come upstairs and pull

46、Herbert out of bed.Ils that way every day with my little brother.Perhaps someday hell learn to get up on time, but I really dont think so.附布譯：試題我覺得我弟弟一生中最可怕的事情就是早上起床。當(dāng)我媽媽開口時(shí)，他幾乎病了，“赫伯特！現(xiàn) 在是七點(diǎn)零！起床！赫伯特回答說：“我來了！然后就回去睡覺了。我不像我哥哥那樣在11歲。我不喜歡晚上睡覺， 但我不介意早上起床。我通常會(huì)在媽媽打電話給我之前起床。我跳下床去浴室洗澡。我穿好衣服，刷牙， 梳頭，準(zhǔn)備好媽媽一到樓下吃

47、早餐來電。但不是赫伯特。他只是睡覺。我們臥室里的軍樂隊(duì)無法叫醒他。我打電話給他說：“起來！如果你 不立即起床，媽媽會(huì)在這里把你從床上拉下來！”但他只是睡覺。再打了幾次電話后，我媽媽不得不上樓把赫伯特從床上拉起來。每天和我的小弟弟 都是這樣。也許有一天他會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)按時(shí)起床，但我真的不不這么認(rèn)為。The most terrible thing in life for my little brother is going to school.偌案FWhen mother calls, Herbert doesnt answer and remains in bed.答案FMy mother often

48、has to pull Herbert out of bed as he refuses to get 叩.| 答案 |T 29.Sometimes we have to send for a military band to wake Herbert up.答案F 3O.The writer thinks someday Herbert will learn to get up on time.答案F附雷譯：我弟弟一生中最可怕的事情就是上學(xué)?；卮餏當(dāng)媽媽打電話時(shí)，赫伯特沒有接聽，而是躺在床上。答案F我媽媽經(jīng)常不得不把赫伯特從床上拉起來，因?yàn)樗豢掀鸫??；卮餞有時(shí)我們不得不派軍樂隊(duì)叫醒赫伯特。

49、答案F作者認(rèn)為有一天赫伯特會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)按時(shí)起床。答案F試題The road system in Beijings central business district (CBD) is being re-designed to make public transportation easy and improve efficiency.Plans for 45 roads within the CBD have been approved, measuring 41.5 kilometers in total .In addition to public buses, free or low pric

50、e shuttle buses from residence areas to subway stations will also be provided for commuters.This is just over four times the number of roads opened in 2007, and will add another 155 km to the existing road network.Besides roads, an underground traffic system has also been operating, which includes f

51、our new subway lines beneath the CBD.The underground connection system is made up of two levels.The first underground floor is set aside mainly for pedestrians and commercial facilities, while the second underground floor is planned for parking.The city has also invested 140 million yuan to set up a

52、 traffic inquiry system, through which the public can check traffic conditions online and see the most convenient routes on their GPS system.In the future, the CBD will be fully covered by an intelligent traffic control system.附窗譯：試題北京中央商務(wù)區(qū)(CBD)的道路系統(tǒng)正在重新設(shè)計(jì)，以簡(jiǎn)化公共交通并提高效率，CBD內(nèi)45條道路規(guī)劃已獲批準(zhǔn)，總長(zhǎng)41. 5公里。除公共巴

53、士外，還將為通勤者提供從住宅區(qū)到地 鐵站的免費(fèi)或低價(jià)穿梭巴士。這只是2007年開通的道路數(shù)量的四倍多，并將在現(xiàn)有道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)中再增加15.5公里。除道路外，地下交通系統(tǒng)也已投入運(yùn)營(yíng)，其中包括CBD下方的四條新地鐵線。 地下連接系統(tǒng)由兩層組成。地下一層主要為人行道和商業(yè)設(shè)施預(yù)留，地下二層規(guī)劃為停車場(chǎng)。該市還投資1.4億元建設(shè)了交通查詢系統(tǒng)，市民可以通過該系統(tǒng)在線查詢交通狀況，并在GPS系統(tǒng) 上查看最便捷的路線。未來，智能交通將全面覆蓋CBD控制系統(tǒng)。The road system in Beijings central business district (CBD) is being designe

54、d again.偌案TCommuters can only take public buses from residence areas to subway stations.答案FThe re-designed road will be 15.5 kilometers long答案FThe underground traffic system has four new subway lines beneath the CBD.答案TBoth levels of the underground connection system are planned for parking.答案F附18譯：

55、北京中央商務(wù)區(qū)(CBD)的道路系統(tǒng)正在重新設(shè)計(jì)?；卮餞通勤者只能乘坐公共巴士從住宅區(qū)到地鐵站。答案F重新設(shè)計(jì)的道路將長(zhǎng)15. 5公里。答案F地下交通系統(tǒng)在CBD下方有4條新地鐵線。答案T地下連接系統(tǒng)的兩層都計(jì)劃停車。答案F試題The war for talent reads like headlines from many years ago, but it has never gone away, says Eleanor Nickerson, director of UK operations for Top Employers.Many companies they have resea

56、rched are short of talents.Though the companies may receive many applications, they cannot find the people they want. Top Employers research shows that offering good career chances is the key to attracting and keeping the lalent.Smart employees know their own value and will want to know what their e

57、mployers can offer them after 5 or 10 years1 career development.So, keeping staff is the biggest challenge employers face in the long run.Yet not every employee feels that they can better their career chances.Some are still nervous about losing their jobs, despite a recent fall in unemployment, says

58、 the Trades Union Congress (TUC).TUC points out that some fbur-fifths of new jobs created have been in part of the economy where average pay rates are less than an hour since the recession began.Many of these jobs are on temporary or zero hours contracts.A report from the Office for National Statist

59、ics published in February showed that real wages have been falling consistently since 2010.Its the longest period since at least 1964.“WcTc still in the hardest living standards squeeze for over a century and those who are already working have had years of real-terms pay cuts, says TUC spokesperson

60、Liz Chinchen/Understanding the pressures that staff face is a good starting point for any employer.If employers want to show concern for their staff, they should be paying them well and understand that zero hours contracts bring insecurity and extreme money worries.附10譯：試題Top Employers英國(guó)業(yè)務(wù)主管埃莉諾尼克森說，