高中英語Unit1FestivalsaroundtheworldGrammar課件

1、Unit 1Unit 1Festivals around the world情態(tài)動詞用法Modal verbs such as may, might, will, would, can, could, shall, should, and must are used for many purposes. Find the sentences in the reading passage that use modal verbs. 1 Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, 2 Sometimes celeb

2、rations would be held after hunters had caught animals.3 At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find 4 or to satisfy the ancestor, who might return either to help or to do harm. 5 For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves6 this will lead the ancestor back to

3、 earth.7 It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up and go8 the children might play a trick on them.9 Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.10 Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.11 In European countries, people will usually decorate and will get toge

4、ther12 Some people might win awards for their13 At the Spring Festival in China, people may give children lucky money in red paper.14 These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streetsRead the sentences below and discuss with a partner how each of these modal verbs is being used in the si

5、tuations. Use the suggestions in the box to help you. Some may have more than one answer.ability, advice, agreement, guessing, past habit, necessity, permission, possibility, prediction, promise, request1. can and could Jim isnt very good at maths or science, but he can speak English very well. Our

6、history test was so long last week that no one could finish it. It was the last day of school, but the teacher said that we could not leave early.abilityabilitypermissionThe hunters have been lost for days. They could starve. Could you please show me the way to Beihai Park? possibilityrequest2. may

7、and might What award did you get for the sports competition? May I have a look? Our football team didnt play very well today, but we might do better tomorrow.possibilitypermission/ request3. will and would During the Spring Festival time the whole family will come for dinner. My uncle was poor but l

8、iked fashion, so he would often dress up as a rich man. Are you free this Saturday? Would you like to join my family for dinner?promise/ predictionpast habitrequest4. shall and should The harvest festival begins on Saturday. We shall be there with our friends. When going by plane, you should arrive

9、at the airport at least one hour early. Its nearly time for class to start. The teacher should be here miseadviceprediction5. must and cant When you eat fish you must be careful with the bones. Wang Feng has won the English competition three times. He must be very smart. A man landed on Mars

10、? You must be joking. That cant be true.advice/ necessityguessingguessing情態(tài)動詞的特點1) 情態(tài)動詞不能單獨做謂語, 除ought和have外, 后面只能接不帶to的不定式。 2) 情態(tài)動詞無人稱數(shù)的變化, 但有些情態(tài)動詞 如can, will也有一般式和過去式的變化。3)情態(tài)動詞的“時態(tài)”形式并不是時間區(qū)別的主要標志, 不少情況下, 情態(tài)動詞的現(xiàn)在式形式和過去式形式都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時間、過去時間和將來時間。只作情態(tài)動詞 can / could, may / might, ought to, must可情態(tài)可實義 nee

11、d, dare 可情態(tài)可助動詞 shall / should, will / would相當于情態(tài)動詞 have to, used to1) can的主要用法是：A.表示體力或腦力的能力： e.g. The girl can dance very well. B.表示說話的推測、事物的可能性等: e.g. Can the news be true?C. 在口語中, can可以表示請求或允許: e.g. Can I sit here? can和couldcan表示“能夠”時與短語be able to同義，但can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時或過去時，而后者可用于各種時態(tài)。另外，can表示個人有某種能力，而b

12、e able to表示某人通過努力、克服困難做成某事，相當于succeed in doing sth.；敘述過去事實時，最好用was / were able to，因為could只表示過去具有某種能力。如：Can you understand the different kinds of English these people are using?Two years later, he was able to speak Chinese very well.2) could的主要用法是：A. could是can的過去式, 表示與過去有 關的能力和推測: e.g. We all knew th

13、at the young man couldnt be a doctor.B. could可以代替can表示請求, 但語氣 較can客氣、委婉: e.g. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike?3) can和could接動詞的完成形式，表示可 能已經(jīng)做某事。can用在否定和疑問句 中, 表示不相信、懷疑等態(tài)度。e.g. They cant have gone out because the light is still on.以could或would提問時，不能再以could或would作答，而應該用can或will。

14、如： Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you can.may和mightmay常用來表示： A. 表示請求、允許;比can較為正式: e.g. May I come in? You may go now.B. 表示說話人的猜測: “也許”、“可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。e.g. - I believe the man is from England. - But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 在肯定句中，may的可能性比can 高，may表示現(xiàn)實的

15、可能性，can表示理論上的可能性。如： The road may be blocked. 這條路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 這條路可能會是不通的。 在疑問句中，表示可能性用can。 如：Where can he be? 他會在哪呢？C. 表示祝愿; 但語氣較正式: e.g. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might的用法有:多在間接引語中表示過去的可能和允許。e.g. She said that he might take her bike. 她說他可以拿她的自行車去用。 除了在間接引語中以外，m

16、ight一般不表示過去的可能或者許可。如要表示過去的可能可以用could, 表示過去的許可可以用was (were) allowed to或者had permission to。表示現(xiàn)在的可能，其可能性要比may小。e.g. She might go home tomorrow. 說不定他明天會回家。 表示現(xiàn)在的許可, 語氣比may較委婉, 一般用于疑問句(包括間接疑問句), 不可用于肯定句或者否定句。e.g. Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你說句話嗎？will 和 would 1. will是助動詞或是情態(tài)動詞？ will用于構成將來時是助動詞。用于表示

17、“意志”“決心”“請求”是情態(tài)動詞。would亦同理。 e.g. I will tell you something important. 我要告訴你一些重要的事。 （助動詞） Will you tell her that Im here? 請您告訴她說我在這兒，好嗎？ （情態(tài)動詞） 2. 在疑問句中用于第二人稱，提出請求 或詢問。 e.g. If you want help - let me know, will you? 如果你需要幫助, 讓我知道, 好嗎? Will you type this, please? 請打印這個, 好嗎？ Wont you sit down? 請坐下, 好嗎？

18、 3. would比will客氣委婉。 e.g. Would you help us, please? 請您幫助我們，好嗎？（表請求）Id go there with you. 我要和你一塊到那兒去。 Teacher wouldnt allow it. 老師不會允許這件事。（表意愿）（表許可）shall和should1. shall用于構成將來時是助動詞。 shall用于征求對方的意見，表示“決 心”是情態(tài)動詞。 e.g. Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. 可能今年冬天我會去英國觀光。 （構成一般將來時, 助動詞） Shal

19、l we go by train, Mom? 媽媽，我們乘火車去好嗎？ （用于征求對方的意見，情態(tài)動詞） I shall go at once. 我必須立即去。 （表“決心”，情態(tài)動詞） shall可以用于第一、三人稱的疑問句，表示征求意見或許可；還可用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示允諾、警告、命令或威脅等。e.g. You shall be punished if you break the rule.2. should表示義務、建議、勸告，意為 “應該”?！皊hould+ have+過去分詞” 表示本應該在過去做但沒有做。 e.g. You should keep your promise

20、. 你應該遵守諾言。 She should have passed the exam. 她應該通過考試的。must和haveto1. must用于一般問句中, 肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或dont have to，做“不必”, mustnt表示“禁止，不允許” MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime? Yes, you must. /No,youneednt. e.g. I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.2

21、. 表示“必須”這個意思時，must和haveto稍有區(qū)別。must著重說明主觀 看法，haveto強調客觀需要。另外，haveto能用于更多時態(tài)。 e.g. Youmustbethenewteacher. Hemustbejoking. Thereisnobodyhere.They musthaveall gonehome. 3. must表示對某人某事的猜測, 作“準是”, “一定” , 一般用于肯定句中。對過去發(fā)生的事情作肯定判斷用must have done。e.g. He must come and worry her with question, just when she was

22、 busy cooking the dinner. Of course, after I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite.4. must表示“偏要, 硬要”, 指做令人不快的事情。can / could, may / might, should和 must都可表示肯定的推測。can / could表示客觀可能性；may表示推測時，其語氣不肯定；might語氣更弱，表示某事實際發(fā)生的可能性；should 表示確定或可能有的未來或期待；must表示比較肯定的語氣。如：I think advertisements can be

23、quite dangerous.The newcomer may be dismissed by the company.The rescue team should arrive by 5 oclock this afternoon.I think the old woman must be a nice person.could, might, would, should都可表示委婉語氣。如:I wonder if you could let me use your cell phone. Might I know your telephone number?【即學即練】用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞（

24、含否定形式）補全下面的對話。Tom: Its raining hard. 1. _ you mind sharing your umbrella with me?Rose: Of course not. By the way, one of our rules is that every student 2. _ wear school uniform while at school, right?Tom: Yes. You must be a newcomer here. WouldshallRose: Thats true. I moved here last Monday. Are yo

25、u going to see the film in our school tonight? Tom: Yes. Our foreign teacher 3. _ come with us tonight, but he isnt sure. He may be at his office. Lets ask him to go with us.Rose: I saw him leave his office half an hour ago. He 4. _ be working there at this time. might/ maycant I hear youve got a lot of valuable Australian coins. 5. _ I have a look?Tom: What a pity! My father requires that they 6. _ not be brought to school. If youre free, I will show you them at my home next Monday.Rose: Wonderful. Where were you last Saturday night? I knoc