長難句翻譯括號(hào)法課件

1、一個(gè)老外在新加坡清明節(jié)晚上的遭遇 Last night, after dinner, I was taking a walk on the road. When I walked past a convenient store I thought of going in to buy something. Then I realised that I didnt have money with me. So I phoned my family to bring some money to me. While waiting for my money, I saw an old man bur

2、ningjoss paper by the road side. I went to have a chat with him. What are you doing here I asked him I m sending money to my family he said Then he asked me, What are you doing here ? I m waiting for my family to send money to me. On hearing this, his face turned pale and he ran away quickly. I shou

3、ted to him, Hey, dont run I m just waiting for my family to send money to me! Suddenly, all the people burning joss paper nearby also ran away.一個(gè)老外在新加坡清明節(jié)晚上的遭遇回憶三種基本句子類型長難句的類型及分析方法長難句分析在高考閱讀中的演練學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)句子種類 簡單句 并列句 復(fù)合句句子種類 簡單句 并列句 復(fù)合句一、簡單句：（五種基本句型）a simple sentence二、并列句：a coordinate sentence(常見的并列連詞

4、有以下這些：)He was ill, so he was late for the meeting.We love peace but we are not afraid of war.She got up early, yet she failed to be there on time.Hurry up, and you wont be late.Hurry up, or /otherwise you will be late.Not only was he himself interested in English, but(also) his classmates also showe

5、d interest in it.Neither do I know his address, nor do my parents.His father is thin while his mother is very fat.I was about to leave when the telephone rang. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.一、簡單句：（五種基本句型）a simple sentenc三、復(fù)合句：a compound sentenceThey planted some trees which d

6、idnt need much water. That he was always late made his teacher angry. He said (that)he was really tired and that he wanted to go back home directly after work.Thats exactly what I am planning to do.The news that we won the game is exciting.Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as chi

7、ldren.三、復(fù)合句：a compound sentence句 子判 斷簡單句并列句復(fù)合句主 干并列連詞從屬連詞句 子判 斷簡單句并列句復(fù)合句主 干并列連詞從屬連詞 Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures . (2009 江蘇) 介詞短語時(shí)間狀語介詞短語同位語非謂語

8、帶有較多修飾成分的簡單句非謂語 Schools are expected to hire50,000 college graduates英語句子=主干+修飾語 Schools across China are e英語句子 = 主干 + 修飾語主干是整個(gè)句子的骨架，主要指主謂賓或主系表。修飾成分在句中只起修飾或補(bǔ)充主干的作用，它既可以是詞，也可以是短語，更常見的是從句，尤其是定語從句和狀語從句。（三長兩短一并列）我們應(yīng)將每個(gè)修飾成分劃出來，找出句子的主干，這樣整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)就清晰了，就容易翻譯了。英語句子 = 主干 + 修飾語修飾成分：三長兩短一并列I am Lu Jia.I love you.這

9、兩句話中只有“主干成分”而沒有“修飾成分”。在加上修飾成分后:I am Lu Jia from Xinzheng Number one High School.I love you with all my heart.從例子中可以看出，修飾成分在中英文中出現(xiàn)的位置是不一樣的。而當(dāng)一個(gè)句子中有很多個(gè)修飾成分時(shí)，該句子就會(huì)變得很長，不易理解。修飾成分：三長兩短一并列I am Lu Jia.1. “三長”(1) 介詞短語【定義】從介詞開始到名詞結(jié)束、表達(dá)一個(gè)獨(dú)立的完整的含義的結(jié)構(gòu)?！酒鹬箻?biāo)識(shí)】標(biāo)記介詞短語時(shí)，要從介詞開始到介詞之后的第一個(gè)名詞終止。如：at home、in the school、in

10、 the beautiful park、during my happy childhood、over the last few years、for three weeks【例句】 1. “三長”(1) 介詞短語【例句】After chatting with Lu Jia on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my class.(After chatting) (with Lu Jia) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00)

11、(to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my class). 介詞短語正是讓英語句子變得又長又難的原因之一！【例句】1. “三長”(2) 從句【定義】從句是復(fù)合句【起止標(biāo)識(shí)】標(biāo)記從句時(shí)，一定從關(guān)系詞開始，到以下四種終止。 到句尾終止，如：Mr. Xue is a teacher (who teaches Math). 到句中的逗號(hào)終止，如：(When I was young), I listened to the radio. 到下一個(gè)修飾成分終止，如：Mr. Wang invited Han Dongwei (who is an excell

12、ent teacher) to our school. 到下一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞終止，如Han Dongwei (who is an excellent teacher) once studied in Shan Dong.1. “三長”(2) 從句1. “三長”(3) 非謂語動(dòng)詞短語【定義】to do; doing; done非謂語動(dòng)詞不能獨(dú)立作謂語，而是充當(dāng)句子的其他成分?！酒鹬箻?biāo)識(shí)】標(biāo)記非謂語動(dòng)詞短語時(shí)，一定是從動(dòng)詞不定式(to do)、動(dòng)名詞(doing)或分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞doing或過去分詞done)開頭，到以下四種情況終止。 到句尾終止，如：Miss Zhao is a teacher (t

13、eaching English). 到句中的逗號(hào)終止，如：(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio. 到下一個(gè)修飾成分終止，如：Kevin walked into the hall, (waving) to the audience. (to the audience是介詞短語，屬于另一修飾成分。) 到下一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞終止，如：We, (singing a happy song), rode to school.1. “三長”(3) 非謂語動(dòng)詞短語2. “兩短”(1) 形容詞【定義】形容詞是指用來修飾名詞的單詞，往往

14、帶有-ous、-y、-ful、-able等后綴?！境Ｒ娢恢谩?一般置于名詞之前，如a beautiful park。 修飾不定代詞(something、anything、nothing、somebody、anybody、nobody)時(shí)置于不定代詞之后，如“一些有趣的事”應(yīng)譯為something interesting。2. “兩短”(1) 形容詞2. “兩短”(2) 副詞【定義】副詞用來修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞等詞，往往帶有-ly等后綴?！境Ｒ娢恢谩坑⒄Z中，副詞的用法比形容詞靈活得多。 可置于整句之前，如：Unfortunately, he failed to make it. 可置于整句之后，如：

15、The teacher greets his students individually. 可置于“助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前”，如：2. “兩短”(2) 副詞The princess looks extremely beautiful today. (系動(dòng)詞之后)He immediately saw the black cat. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前)He has undoubtedly fallen in love with the princess. (助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前)He can hardly speak anything. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前) 可置于形

16、容詞或副詞之前，如：There is an extremely beautiful garden in our campus.The princess looks extremely b3. 平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)【定義】并行并列結(jié)構(gòu)是指由并列詞將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上含義相似、結(jié)構(gòu)相同的并列項(xiàng)連接起來構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)?！緲?biāo)記方法】給平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)做標(biāo)記的要求是：給并列詞加方框，給并列項(xiàng)加下劃線。標(biāo)記時(shí)要先找到并列詞，然后再找并列項(xiàng)。在標(biāo)注形如A and B的平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)先找B (即右并列項(xiàng))后找A (即左并列項(xiàng))。由于英語中的修飾成分往往置于中心詞之后，所以A和B兩個(gè)并列項(xiàng)后面可能各自帶有很長的尾巴，形成“A

17、and B ”的形式，導(dǎo)致A離and相對(duì)較遠(yuǎn)，不易辨認(rèn)，而B通常離and很近，容易識(shí)別。找到B之后，利用A和B結(jié)構(gòu)相同、含義相似的原則，很容易將A確定出來。3. 平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)【定義】并行并列結(jié)構(gòu)是指由并列詞將兩個(gè)或兩【常見并列關(guān)系】 名詞并列：I like the box placed on the desk and the flowers in your hand. 形容詞并列：Mr. Smith is a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher. 副詞并列：You are supposed to answer the followin

18、g questions quickly and accurately. 謂語動(dòng)詞并列：With the Internet, people can not only play computer games but also do online shopping.【常見并列關(guān)系】 名詞并列：I like the box【常見并列關(guān)系】 名詞并列：I like the box placed on the desk and the flowers in your hand. 形容詞并列：Mr. Smith is a kind, patient and knowledgeable English tea

19、cher. 副詞并列：You are supposed to answer the following questions quickly and accurately. 謂語動(dòng)詞并列：With the Internet, people can not only play computer games but also do online shopping.【常見并列關(guān)系】 名詞并列：I like the box 介詞短語并列：And that government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth. 從句并列： Ive finished reading the book (which is written by Mo Yan) and (which you lent me last month). 非謂語動(dòng)詞并列：Singing and laughing, we headed to the park. 整句并列：The children can go with us or they can stay at home. 介詞短語并列：And that gover