2019新人教版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修一Unit1重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)（復(fù)習(xí)必背）

1、新人教版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)Unit 1Part I Reading and Thinking重占 詞匯.physiology .生理學(xué);生理機(jī)能.crucial至關(guān)重要的;關(guān)鍵性的.vital，力.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機(jī)的 mit近承諾;保證（某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等）阮忠于;全心全意投入（工作、活動(dòng)等）. academic adj,學(xué)業(yè)的;學(xué)術(shù)的6.objective.目標(biāo);目的 的：客觀的.botanicaladj.植物學(xué)的.evaluate泣.評(píng)價(jià);評(píng)估. property.性質(zhì);特征;財(cái)產(chǎn).distinct.清晰的;清楚的;有區(qū)別的.boil力.&應(yīng).（使）沸騰;煮開(kāi);燒開(kāi).沸騰;沸點(diǎn).

2、1iquid.液體a力.液體的;液態(tài)的.obtainu”尤指經(jīng)努力）獲得;贏得切.（規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等）存在;流行.acknowledge 成認(rèn)（屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等）;（公開(kāi)）感謝.defeat.失敗;挫敗 讓擊敗;戰(zhàn)勝.analyse可分析.apparentlyadu顯而易見(jiàn);看來(lái);顯然. substance.物質(zhì);物品;事實(shí)根據(jù)19.insistvi.&vt.堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決要求2O.scientific/ .科學(xué)（上）的;關(guān)于科學(xué)的21.mostlyad以主要地;般地重占 rr f短語(yǔ)1 .make a discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn)ead to導(dǎo)致；引導(dǎo).die from死于.graduate from從畢業(yè)

3、(3)when/where有時(shí)可以換成“介詞+which”。(2021全國(guó)甲卷改編)Southbank is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.南岸是英國(guó)滑板運(yùn)動(dòng)的中心，那里滑板不斷地撞擊讓你的腦袋嗡嗡作響。 The Mid-autumn festival falls on August 15th of the Chinese lunar calendar, when people of a family get tog

4、ether and enjoy the dinner together.中秋節(jié)在中國(guó)農(nóng)歷八月十五，家人們會(huì)在這一天聚在一起享用晚餐。. which, as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞aswhich指代指代整個(gè)主句指代整個(gè)主句指代主句的一局部從句位置主句之前、之中或之后不能位于主句之前意義正如這，那Thank you for your letter, which really made me happy.謝謝你的信，這真的讓我很高興。As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and n

5、ever gain weight. 正如幾周前有人在本報(bào)刊登的文章中指出的那樣，他們愛(ài)吃美食，而且從不發(fā)胖。.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中，關(guān)系代詞用whom指人，用which指物。Selfie is a popular way of showing themselves, through which some teenagers may gain more confidence. 自拍是一種很受歡迎的展示自我的方式，通過(guò)這種方式一些青少年可以獲得更多的自信。rd like to recommend Peking Opera Club to you, from whi

6、ch I believe you will learn a lot.我想向你推薦京劇俱樂(lè)部，我相信你可以從中學(xué)到很多。Our class consists of 40 students, all of whom are working hard at their lessons.們班由40名學(xué)生組成，他們都學(xué)習(xí)很努力。二、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別工程限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句作用起限定作用，限制或約束先行詞，是先行詞不 可缺少的定語(yǔ)，不可去掉，否那么主句意義不完 整對(duì)先行詞或整個(gè)主句附加說(shuō)明，可 以省略結(jié)構(gòu)不用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)引導(dǎo)詞.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，介詞之后的關(guān)

7、系詞不能省 略.可用that.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略.不可用thatJust by scanning the QR code that/which appears behind the seat, one can unlock a shared bicycle. 僅僅掃描座位后的二維碼，就能夠解鎖共享單車(chē)。Worse still, some games are full of violence, which will be harmful to your mental health.更糟糕的是，一些游戲充滿了暴力，這對(duì)你的精神健康有害。Later, he worked in Africa, wher

8、e many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment. 后來(lái)，他在非洲工作，那里的許多人因?yàn)槿狈m當(dāng)?shù)闹委煻?。?xiě)作指導(dǎo)【寫(xiě)作試題】假定你是李華，你的澳大利亞筆友Jenny來(lái)信，讓你介紹一位你最崇拜的中國(guó)科學(xué)家，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下表格 中的內(nèi)容提示給她寫(xiě)一封回信。姓名梁建英出生年份1972年職務(wù)中國(guó)高鐵總設(shè)計(jì)師主要經(jīng)歷(1)1995年大學(xué)畢業(yè)后開(kāi)始從事高鐵研究工作 (2)研制出時(shí)速300350千米高速動(dòng)車(chē)組 (3)2015年獲獎(jiǎng)注意：.詞數(shù)80左右;,可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:高速動(dòng)車(chē)組high-spe

9、ed EMU【寫(xiě)作策略】一、審題定調(diào).確定體裁:本次寫(xiě)作要求是一封信件，內(nèi)容為介紹一位自己最崇拜的中國(guó)科學(xué)家。.確定人稱(chēng):本文介紹的是一位科學(xué)家,所以要用第三人稱(chēng)。確定時(shí)態(tài):時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主。二、謀篇布局本文分為三個(gè)段落。第一段:首先介紹自己最崇拜的科學(xué)家的名字及其職務(wù)；第二段:介紹梁建英的出生年份,再介紹其主要經(jīng)歷；第三段:表達(dá)自己對(duì)人物的看法。三、常用語(yǔ)塊四、遣詞造句general designer of的總設(shè)計(jì)師was born in出生于graduate from university大學(xué)畢業(yè)devote all ones time to致力于outstanding c

10、ontributions杰出的貢獻(xiàn)play a leading role in在起主導(dǎo)作用as a consequence結(jié)果set a good example to us給我們樹(shù)立了好的典范realize our dreams實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的夢(mèng)想普通表達(dá)高級(jí)表達(dá)Since she graduated from university in 1995,she has been doing research into the development of the China high-speed railway.She invented the 300-350 km/h high-speed EMU,

11、which makes it more convenient for us to get around quickly.Because of her outstanding contributions to our country,China is playing a leading role in high-speed railways all over the world.Since she graduated from university in 1995,she has been devoting all her time to researching into the develop

12、ment of the China high-speed railway.Afterwards,she invented the 300-350 km/h high-speed EMU,making it more convenient for us to get around quickly.It is because of her outstanding contributions to our country that China is playing a leading role in high-speed railways all over the world.【參考范文】Dear

13、Jenny,The Chinese scientist I admire most is Liang Jianying,general designer of the China high-speed EMU.Liang Jianying was born in 1972.Since she graduated from university in 1995,she has been devoting all her time to researching into the development of the China high-speed rail way. Afterwards,she

14、 invented the 300-350km/h high-speed EMU,making it more convenient for us to get around quickly.lt is because of her outstanding contributions to our country that China is playing a leading role in high-speed railways all over the world.As a consequence,she was awarded in 2015.Liang Jianying has set

15、 a good example to us.From her,I realize that we should keep on trying until we realize our dreams.Yours,Li Hua5.in the fight against 同.作斗爭(zhēng).by chance.draw out8.insist on.by chance.draw out8.insist on9.be tested on堅(jiān)持接受檢測(cè)10.according to根據(jù)重點(diǎn) 1 .Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of

16、whom recovered.句式 2.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said/The honour is not just mine.”I .重點(diǎn)詞匯crucial至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的用法：be crucial to/for.對(duì)至關(guān)重要play a crucial part in/role in.在中起至關(guān)重要的作用vital adj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的用法：be vital to/for .對(duì)極其重要It is vital to do sth.做某事很重要 Ifs vital that.

17、 極為重要committed adj.盡心盡力的，堅(jiān)定的；堅(jiān)信的轉(zhuǎn)化： distinctionacknowledge成認(rèn)（屬實(shí);權(quán)威、地位等）；（公開(kāi)）感謝；告知收悉用法：acknowledge having done sth.成認(rèn)做 了 某事acknowledge that 成認(rèn)acknowledge to be 認(rèn)為是It is generally/widely acknowledged that 普遍認(rèn)為defeat n.失敗;挫敗vt.擊??；戰(zhàn)勝用法：suffer a defeat遭受失敗acknowledge defeat 成認(rèn)失敗insist vt.堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決要求insist on

18、堅(jiān)決要求例句：She insisted on going to the cinema alone.她堅(jiān)持自己去看電影。My friend insisted on my going to her birthday party.我的朋友堅(jiān)持讓我參加她的生日聚會(huì)。conclusion n結(jié)論;推論用 法：come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion 得 出結(jié)論j ump to conclusions 匆忙下結(jié)論in conclusion最后（用于文章或講話的末尾）bring to a conclusion 使結(jié)束。轉(zhuǎn)化：conclude vt,得出結(jié)論,推斷出v

19、i. &vt.（使）結(jié)束,終止II .重點(diǎn)句型Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.后來(lái)，用這種藥物在瘧疾患者身上做試驗(yàn)，大局部患者都康復(fù)了?！痉治觥勘揪涫且粋€(gè)含有非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。主句是“the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered”是“不定代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句?！安欢ù~/數(shù)詞/名詞+ of +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在關(guān)系分句中作主語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明整體中的一局部。領(lǐng)先行詞指人時(shí)

20、，關(guān)系代詞用 whom;先行詞指物時(shí)，用which。Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said, “The honour is not just mine.”當(dāng)聽(tīng)到自己被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)時(shí)，她說(shuō)，“榮譽(yù)不只是屬于我自己的?！薄痉治觥吭诒揪渲?，she said,.是主句，that引導(dǎo)的句子作hearing的賓語(yǔ)。Upon hearing是“upon+動(dòng)詞-ing 形式”構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。upon還可換為介詞on,表示一件事情緊接著另一件事情發(fā)生。這種 用法常見(jiàn)于正式文體中，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，可翻譯為“當(dāng)時(shí);一就

21、”。例如：Upon graduating from college,he first worked as a teacher,and then in a government office.有時(shí)也可用“upon/on+名詞”形式表達(dá)相同的意思。On his return from his vacation,he began writing his first novel.他休假回來(lái)后，就開(kāi)始寫(xiě)他的第一部小說(shuō)。Part II Learning About Langua重占詞匯.conclusion.結(jié)論;推論.penicillin幾青霉素;盤(pán)尼西林.flee5&近,迅速離開(kāi);逃跑.circums

22、tance比usually 條件;環(huán)境;狀況.novelist機(jī)小說(shuō)家.novel九（長(zhǎng)篇）小說(shuō).flow流;流動(dòng);流暢;供應(yīng)應(yīng)流;流動(dòng).chart.圖表0.記錄;制訂計(jì)劃重占短語(yǔ).wear and tear磨損；損耗.flow chart流程圖.with great effort努力地.be distinct from與不同.be well known for以而著名 e to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論.with the objective of 帶著的目的.change ones mind改變某人的主意.care about關(guān)心；在乎.show promise in在顯示出潛力.

23、beyond ones control 失去控制.under construction 在建設(shè)中重占句式It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.Id like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again,which seems to work best for my cough.I.重點(diǎn)詞匯.conclusion n.結(jié)論;推論彳列： Y

24、our information is inaccurate and your conclusion is therefore wrong.你的信息不準(zhǔn)確，所以你的結(jié)論是錯(cuò)誤的。I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 我從我自己的經(jīng)歷中得出結(jié)論:患難見(jiàn)真情。.circumstance n.條件;環(huán)境;狀況彳列： Obviously we cant deal with the problem until we know all the circumstances. 顯

25、然，我們只有了解全部情況后才能處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.我真希望我們是在更愉快的情況下相識(shí)的。n.重點(diǎn)句式t struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.他感到驚訝的是,照片中的其他中國(guó)男人顯然不在乎同胞們發(fā)生了什么。【句式剖析】it是形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的句子是真正的主語(yǔ),what引導(dǎo)的句子

26、作介詞about的賓語(yǔ)。It strikes sb that某人突然想到，某人感到驚訝的是It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.我突然意 識(shí)到和另一支球隊(duì)比賽對(duì)隊(duì)里所有的女孩來(lái)說(shuō)都是一個(gè)很好的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。.T, d like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again,which seems to work best for my cough.我想再試次那種中 草藥,它似乎對(duì)我的咳嗽

27、最有效?！揪涫狡饰觥勘揪涫且粋€(gè)復(fù)合句。主句是I d like to try,which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。would like意 為“愿意;想要，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。She asked me what I would like to do and mentioned a particular job.她問(wèn)我想干什么，然后提到了 一份特別的工作。I would like to thank them for allowing me to develop their original idea. 我想感謝他們?cè)试S我深入完善他們最初的想法。Part II Using Languag

28、e & Assessing Your Progress重占詞匯1 .found.創(chuàng)立;建立;把建立在重占詞匯1 .found.創(chuàng)立;建立;把建立在2.infer以推斷;推定3.politician兒從政者;政治家;政客4.numerous.眾多的;許多的5. theory九理論;學(xué)說(shuō)6.relativity九相對(duì)論湘對(duì)性7.genius幾天才;天資;天賦8.gentle,溫柔的;文靜的9.patent機(jī)專(zhuān)利;專(zhuān)利證書(shū);獲得專(zhuān)利外有專(zhuān)利的;受專(zhuān)利保護(hù)的lO.passion幾酷愛(ài);激情11 .extraordinary/ 不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的12.graduallyadu逐漸地;逐步地13

29、.institution兒社會(huì)公共機(jī)構(gòu);制度;習(xí)俗14.institute山（教育、專(zhuān)業(yè)等）機(jī)構(gòu);機(jī)構(gòu)建筑15.consequence幾結(jié)果;后果16.draftn草稿;草案近起草;草擬17.peculiarity幾個(gè)性;特點(diǎn);怪異的性質(zhì)18.encounter讓.偶然碰到;遇到九邂逅;遭遇19.professor九教授20.mourn以&.沅,哀悼;憂傷21. remarkable,非凡的;顯著的22.device九方法;技巧;裝置;儀器23.sum近.總結(jié);概括機(jī)金額;款項(xiàng);總數(shù);總和18.encounter讓.偶然碰到;遇到九邂逅;遭遇19.professor九教授20.mourn以&.

30、沅,哀悼;憂傷21. remarkable,非凡的;顯著的22.device九方法;技巧;裝置;儀器23.sum近.總結(jié);概括機(jī)金額;款項(xiàng);總數(shù);總和在取得進(jìn)展1 .make great advancement in.give reasons for給出的原因短語(yǔ).at other time在另一些時(shí)候.for a moment.hold on a moment.on the tip of my tongue.bring happiness to.make great contributions to e to power.take up a position11.sum up12.due t

31、o13.out of a strong passion14.as a consequence15.stand on end.be mistaken for.pass away.put forward18.be based on2O.play a key role in一會(huì)兒請(qǐng)稍等就在我嘴邊給帶來(lái)快樂(lè)為做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)18.encounter讓.偶然碰到;遇到九邂逅;遭遇19.professor九教授20.mourn以&.沅,哀悼;憂傷21. remarkable,非凡的;顯著的22.device九方法;技巧;裝置;儀器23.sum近.總結(jié);概括機(jī)金額;款項(xiàng);總數(shù);總和在取得進(jìn)展1 .make gr

32、eat advancement in.give reasons for給出的原因短語(yǔ).at other time在另一些時(shí)候.for a moment.hold on a moment.on the tip of my tongue.bring happiness to.make great contributions to e to power.take up a position11.sum up12.due to13.out of a strong passion14.as a consequence15.stand on end.be mistaken for.pass away.pu

33、t forward18.be based on2O.play a key role in一會(huì)兒請(qǐng)稍等就在我嘴邊給帶來(lái)快樂(lè)為做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)（開(kāi)始）掌權(quán)；上臺(tái)擔(dān)任；任職總結(jié)；概括由于出于強(qiáng)烈的愛(ài)好因此倒立被誤認(rèn)為是去世提出以為基礎(chǔ)在起重要作用l.He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.句式2.On 18 April 1955,it was reported that Einste

34、in had passed away,and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.句式L重點(diǎn)詞匯l.found vt.創(chuàng)立;建立;把建立在例： He founded the Centre for Journalism Studies at University College Cardiff.他在加的夫大學(xué)學(xué)院成立了新聞學(xué)研究中心。The village was founded by settlers from the Volga region.來(lái)自伏爾加地區(qū)的移民建了這個(gè)村莊。Tsinghua Uni

35、versity,founded in 191 l,is one of the best universities in China.清華大學(xué)建立于1911年，是中國(guó)最好的大學(xué)之一。nfer vt推斷;推定例：I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave.從她的表情我可以推斷出，她想離開(kāi)。Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context.大局部含意必須從上下文中推斷。 e to/into power（開(kāi)始）掌權(quán);上臺(tái)彳列： After he came into power,

36、the President delivered a wonderful speech.總統(tǒng)上臺(tái)之后，發(fā)表了一篇精彩的演說(shuō)。It is said that the new mayor will come into power next month.據(jù)說(shuō),新市長(zhǎng)下個(gè)月執(zhí)政。.consequence n結(jié)果;后果例： Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation.許多人認(rèn)為貧窮是人口過(guò)剩的直接后果。If climate changes continue,we will suffer the consequenc

37、es.如果氣候變化繼續(xù)下去,我們將自食其果。.take up a position 擔(dān)任;任職彳列： After graduating,he took up a position in a computer company.畢業(yè)后，他去了一家電腦公司任職。He left to take up a new position with another company.他走了，在另一家公司謀得了 一個(gè)新職位。【詞匯拓展】take up還有“占用（時(shí)間）;占據(jù)（空間）;繼續(xù);開(kāi)始;接受;拿起;從事”等含義。例：I know how busy you must be and naturally I wo

38、uldn t want to take up too much of your time. 我知道您肯定特別忙，我當(dāng)然不想占用您太多的時(shí)間。He will take up his post as the head of the civil courts at the end of next month.他將在下個(gè)月底就任民事法庭庭長(zhǎng)一職。Gincounter vt .偶然碰至！j;遇至！J n邂逅;遭遇例： They encountered serious problems when two members of the expedition were injured.當(dāng)探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)的兩名隊(duì)員受傷時(shí)

39、，他們遇到了嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。It was the encounter with Mary that delayed him.就是由于同瑪麗的邂逅而耽誤了他。7.sum vi.總結(jié);概括n.金額;款項(xiàng);總數(shù);總和例：To sum up,for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise.總之，為了有一個(gè)健康的心臟，你必須經(jīng)常鍛煉。They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.為了紀(jì)念他們的兒子，他們向?qū)W院贈(zèng)送了一筆錢(qián)。The city s problem can

40、 be summed up in three words: too many people.城市的問(wèn)題可以概括為三個(gè)字:人太多。IL重點(diǎn)句式.He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.他為世界做出了許多貢獻(xiàn)，最著名的是廣義相對(duì)論和著名的E=mc2公式?！揪涫狡饰觥?本句中的 the most well-known being the general theory of rel

41、ativity and the famous formulaE=mc2是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。其基本形式是：名詞普通格/代詞主格+動(dòng)詞-ing形式。彳列： The floor being wet and slippery,we had to stay outside for a while.地板濕滑，我們不得不在外面待一會(huì)兒。So many students being absent,the meeting had to be put off.那么多學(xué)生缺席，會(huì)議不得不延期?！揪涫酵卣埂开?dú)立主格還可以用“名詞/代詞+過(guò)去分詞/動(dòng)詞不定式/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)”表示。例：The job not

42、finished,we couldn t see the film.工作沒(méi)有完成，我們不能去看電影。These are the first two books,the third one to come out next month.這是前兩本書(shū)，第三本下個(gè)月出版。Many people joined in the rescue work,some of them women and children.許多人加入了救援工作，其中一些是婦女和兒童。2.On 18 April 1955,it was reported that Einstein had passed away,and the wh

43、ole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.據(jù)報(bào)道955年4月18日,愛(ài)因斯坦逝世，全世界哀悼這位杰出科學(xué)家的逝世?！揪涫狡饰觥勘揪涫且粋€(gè)并列句。在第一個(gè)分句中,it是形式主語(yǔ),后面的that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。It was reported that意為“據(jù)報(bào)道”。彳列：It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.據(jù)報(bào)告在一兩天內(nèi)氣溫將急劇下降。It is reported that the production has been put into use.據(jù)報(bào)道，這種產(chǎn)品已投入使用。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是指在復(fù)合句中對(duì)某些名詞、代詞或主句等被修飾局部作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明的定語(yǔ)