英漢句式差異翻譯中的語(yǔ)序調(diào)整

1、優(yōu)選文檔優(yōu)選文檔PAGEPAGE6優(yōu)選文檔PAGE英漢句式差異及翻譯中的語(yǔ)序調(diào)整定語(yǔ)及定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序的調(diào)整一.定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序調(diào)整見(jiàn)課本P96二.定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序調(diào)整(1前置譯法限制性定語(yǔ)從句常常要譯成?的?這種句型的前置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),由于限制性定語(yǔ)從句與所修飾的詞關(guān)系親近,若分開(kāi)譯則會(huì)影響主句意思的完滿。也有一些非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,或因結(jié)構(gòu)較短,或因與被修飾詞關(guān)系較為親近,或因拆譯后將會(huì)造成譯文結(jié)構(gòu)松弛,在這種情況下也能夠譯成前置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。1.Thepressureisalsoheavyonstudentswhojustwanttograduateandgetajob.2.Mybrotherslaugh,whi

2、chwasveryinfectious,brokethesilence.3.Therewillcomethedaywhenpeopletheworldoverwillliveahappylifeunderthesunofsocialism.4.Awritersworkisaconstantstruggletogetthewordrightintherightplace,tofindthatparticularwordthatwillconveyhismeaningexactly,thatwillpersuadethereaderorsoothehimoramusehim.5.Aneminent

3、Americanhistorian,BarbaraTuchman,whohasbeenhighlyacclaimedforhernarrativehistories,gainedherfirstsignificantrecognitionin1958.(2后置譯法后置譯法在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中使用得比較寬泛。有些限制性定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)復(fù)雜,譯成漢語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)則顯得過(guò)長(zhǎng),而且不吻合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣,這種情況下常常也能夠譯成后置的并列分句,作進(jìn)一步的連結(jié)表達(dá)。1.Theyturnedadeafeartoourdemands,whichenragedallofus.2.Ihavemetchildrenwho

4、notonlyaregrowingemotionallyandintellectuallybutalsoaretryingtomakesenseoftheworldmorally.3.WorldWarwas,however,morecomplexthanWorldWar,whichwasacollisionamongtheimperialistpoweroverthespoilofmarkets,resourcesandterritories.4.IfyoureachChicagobytrainandspendonlyanhourortwothereyouwillfeelthelightwin

5、doffthelakewhichgivesitthename“WindyCity”.5.InthespiritoffranknesswhichIhopewillcharacterizeourtalksthisweek,letusrecognizeattheoutsetthesepoints:wehaveattimesinthepastbeenenemies.Wehavegreatdifferencestoday.Whatbringsustogetheristhatwehavecommoninterestswhichtranscendthesedifferences.Theyarestrivin

6、gfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives.(3合成譯法把原句中的被修飾詞與定語(yǔ)從句合在一起譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的漢語(yǔ)句子的翻譯方法。英語(yǔ)中的therebe結(jié)構(gòu)就可以采用這種譯法來(lái)辦理。還有一些帶有限制性定語(yǔ)從句的英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句,若是英語(yǔ)中的主句能夠壓縮成漢語(yǔ)詞組并用做主語(yǔ),那么定語(yǔ)從句就可以譯成謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),從而構(gòu)成一個(gè)獨(dú)立句。若是主句壓縮成漢語(yǔ)詞組后用作其他成分,那么定語(yǔ)從句能夠譯成一個(gè)句子。關(guān)系代詞可靈便辦理。1.Therearemanype

7、oplewhowanttoseethefilm.2.Therewasamanwhoseemedtohavetheanswers,andwhowasMr.Robert.3.“Weareanationthatmustbegtostayalive,”saidaforeigneconomist.4.Weusedaplaneofwhichalmosteverypartcarriedsomeindicationofnationalidentity.5.TherewerethemeetingsthatengineeredKhrushchevs“resignation”onthegroundof“advanc

8、ingageanddeterioratingheath.”6.Thekapokisinblossomthatindicatestheearlyspring.7.YoucompareherwithyourEnglishwomenwhowolfdownthreetofivemeatmealsaday;naturally,youfindherasylph.(3譯成狀語(yǔ)從句有些定語(yǔ)從句從形式上看是定語(yǔ),但在意義上與主句有著邏輯狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系,起著主句的原因,結(jié)果,目的,條件,退步等狀語(yǔ)的作用,翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)該依照其語(yǔ)法功能,譯成漢語(yǔ)各種相應(yīng)的復(fù)句。原因狀語(yǔ)1.Thecomputer,whichseemstopla

9、ytheroleofahumanbrain,isoftencalledanelectronicbrain.由于計(jì)算機(jī)起著近似人腦的作用,所以常常被稱作電腦。2.Weknowthatacat,whoseeyescantakeinmanymoreraysoflightthanoureyes,canseeclearlyinthenight.3.Theambassadorwasgivingadinnerforafewpeoplewhomhewishedespeciallytotalktoortohearfrom.4.Youwouldhavetobecarefulnottooffendtheboss,w

10、howouldgiveyouthesackatanytime.Therewassomethingoriginal,independent,andheroicabouttheplanthatpleasedallofthem.條件狀語(yǔ)1.Thereisnobadhabitthatmaynotbecuredbyastrongwill-power.只要有剛毅的意志力,就沒(méi)有什么壞習(xí)慣不能夠改掉。2.Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies.3.Hewouldbeashort-sightedco

11、mmanderwhomerelymannedhisfortressanddidnotlookbeyond.目的狀語(yǔ)1.Thenewswomanwishestowriteanarticlethatwillattractpublicattentiontothatshipwreck.這位女記者想寫篇文章,以便能夠引起公眾對(duì)那起沉船事件的注意。2.Theimperialiststatesmaintainenormousarmiesandgiganticnavieswhichareusedforoppressingandexploitingthepeopleindistantlands.一主多從式定語(yǔ)從

12、句一主多從式定語(yǔ)從句是指一個(gè)先行詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上定語(yǔ)從句的情況。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的定語(yǔ)從句一般都較規(guī)范,均修飾一個(gè)先行詞,在翻譯時(shí),誠(chéng)然也依照一般定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯技巧和方法,但同時(shí)也要注意其獨(dú)到之處。譯成定語(yǔ)1.Theoldwaysofearningalivingrivaledbynewagriculturaltechniques,bycommercewithhithertounknownpartsoftheglobe,andbynewcraftswithstrangemachinesthatsavedlaborandthatranwithoutthetraditionalhumanoranimal

13、power.這些古老的生活之道正碰到農(nóng)業(yè)新技術(shù)、商業(yè)貿(mào)易(與世界上到此刻尚不有名的地區(qū)之間所進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易以及各式奇怪機(jī)器新工藝的挑戰(zhàn),這些奇怪的機(jī)器可節(jié)約勞動(dòng)力而無(wú)需傳統(tǒng)的人力畜力驅(qū)動(dòng)。(并列的定語(yǔ)2.AndithelpsexplainwhysomanyinventionsthatwereofChineseoriginorthathadbeenknowntotheGreco-Romans,werefullydevelopedandexploitedonlybytheWesternEuropeans.它有助于說(shuō)明,為什么源于中國(guó)的好多發(fā)明和希臘羅馬人所知道的好多發(fā)明,只是在西歐人手中才獲取全面發(fā)展

14、和充分利用。(分開(kāi)的定語(yǔ)修飾重復(fù)的先行詞3.Consequentlythemanorwasaself-sufficientvillagethatwasworkedbyserfswhowerenotfreetoleave,andwhowiththeirlaborsupportedahierarchyoflayandclericallords.所以,莊園是靠農(nóng)奴經(jīng)營(yíng)的自給自足的農(nóng)村;農(nóng)奴不能夠任意走開(kāi),并以其勞動(dòng)養(yǎng)活封建教俗企業(yè)。(一個(gè)并列句After-classappreciation:春節(jié)ChineseNewYearsDay,ChineseLunarNewYear除夕夜NewYearsEve正月lunarJanuary初一th