主流服務(wù)器UNIX操作系統(tǒng)用戶帳號(hào)的設(shè)置

1、主流服務(wù)器UNIX操作系統(tǒng)用戶帳號(hào)的設(shè)置賬號(hào)設(shè)置HP-UXFreeBSDSolaris(SPARC)密碼文件/etc/passwd/tcb/files/auth/r/root/etc/passwd/etc/master.passwd/etc/passwd/etc/shadow組文件/etc/group/etc/logingroup/etc/group/etc/group允許最大用戶ID2147483647655352147483647允許遠(yuǎn)程登錄的用戶文件設(shè)置/etc/securettyconsole/etc/ttyssecure/etc/default/loginCONSOLE=/dev/c

2、onsoleNobody的UID-26553460001 & 65534(nobody4)Nobody的GID-2(nogroup)6553460002 & 65534(nogroup)找回ROOT密碼bootInteract with IPL ? YISLhpux -iSpasswd rootok boot -spasswd rootboot cdrom -smkdir /tmp/amount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/avi /tmp/a/etc/shadow創(chuàng)建新用戶useraddadduserUseradd刪除用戶userdelrmuserUserdel列出用戶logins

3、Logins修改用戶賬號(hào)usermodUsermod賬號(hào)設(shè)置AIXLinux( RedHat )密碼文件/etc/passwd/etc/security/passwd/etc/passwd/etc/shadow組文件/etc/group/etc/security/group/etc/group允許最大用戶ID429496729565535允許遠(yuǎn)程登錄的用戶文件設(shè)置/etc/security/userrlogin=true/etc/securettyttyp1Nobody的UID429496729499Nobody的GID429496729499找回ROOT密碼boot from CD/Tape

4、Installation/MaintenanceStart Limited Shellgetrootfs hdisk0vi /etc/security/passwdlilocontrol-xlinux Spasswd rootgrubckernelvmlinuz-2.4.9-13single roroot=/dev/hda8initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.imgbootpasswd root創(chuàng)建新用戶mkuserUseradd刪除用戶rmuserUserdel列出用戶lsuser -f ALL修改用戶賬號(hào)chuser -ausermod主流服務(wù)器UNIX操作系統(tǒng)目錄結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比Di

5、rectory MappingsAIXFreeBSDHP-UXRoot filesystem/dev/hd4/dev/ad0s1a/dev/vg00/lvol1Home Directory/home/dev/hd1/home/dev/vg00/lvol4/tmp/dev/hd3/tmp/dev/vg00/lvol6/usr/dev/hd2/usr/dev/ad0s1f/usr/dev/vg00/lvol7/var/dev/hd9var/var/dev/ad0s1e/var/dev/vg00/lvol8Sample configuration files-/usr/newconfigDirect

6、ory MappingsLinux( RedHat )SolarisTru64Root filesystem/ /dev/sda1/ /dev/vx/dsk/rootvol/ /dev/rz0aHome Directory/export/home dev/vx/dsk/home/tmp dev/vx/dsk/swapvol/usr/usr/dev/rz0g/var Sample configuration files主流服務(wù)器UNIX操作系統(tǒng)常用命令General CommandsAIXFreeBSDHP-UXLinux(RedHat)SolarisTru64Unique host IDhos

7、tiduname -ihostidhostidhostidAdministratorsmitsamlinuxconfadmintoolPerformance monitortopmonitortoptopglanceToptoptopSystem activity reportersarsasarsarVirtual Memory statisticsvmstatvmstatvmstatvmstatvmstatvmstatI/O statisticsiostatiostatiostatiostatiostatError logsalog -o -t booterrptdmesgdmesgDme

8、sgdmesguerf -R -o fullPhysical RAM1M TB4TB64GB2.3.2416TB4TBShared Memory64K TB8TBsysctl kernel.shmmaxProcess Data Space384K TB4TB900 MBSwap device/dev/hd6/dev/ad0s1b/dev/vg00/lvol2/dev/sda2/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol/dev/rz0bSwap file type/etc/swapspacesswapswappartition type 82swaprawDisplay swap sizelsps

9、-aswapinfoswapinfo -aFreeswap -lswapon -sActivate Swapswapon -aswapon -aswapon -aswapon -aswap -aswapon -a主流服務(wù)器UNIX操作系統(tǒng)打印機(jī)、TCP/IP設(shè)置PrintersAIXFreeBSDHP-UXPrinter Queues/etc/qconfig/var/spool/print/etc/lp/interface/*Stop LPstopsrc -s lpdlpshutStart LPstartsrc -s lpdLpdlpschedSubmit print jobsenqlplpr

10、qprtLplpLP statisticsenq -AlpqlpstatqchkLpqlpstatRemove print jobscancellprmqcanenq -xCancellprmcancelAdd printer queuesmit mkpqlpadmin -p pqRemove Printer Qsmit rmpqlpadmin -x pqMake default Prtexport LPDEST=pqlpadmin -d pqTCP/IPAIXFreeBSDHP-UXNetwork IP configurationlsattr -E -l inet0/etc/rc.conf/

11、etc/rc.config.d/netconfHosts IP addresses/etc/hosts/etc/hosts/etc/hostsName service switch/etc/netsvc.conf/etc/host.conf/etc/nsswitch.confNetwork parametersno aSysctlndd -hRouting daemonGatedRoutedgatedNIC Configurationsifconfig aifconfig -alanscan -vSecondary IP Addrifconfig en0 alias IPifconfig xl

12、0 alias IPifconfig lan0:1 IPLogin promptHERALD /etc/security/login.cfgtelnetd b /etc/issueIncrease the # of pseudo-terminalsodmget -q attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty PdAt | sed s/0-64/0-512/ |odmchange -q attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty -o PdAt chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -Prebootrebui

13、ld your kernel with these new values NPTY=#NSTRPY=# reboot insf -d ptys -n #insf -d ptym -n #insf -d pts -s # -e -vMaximum # of ptys512MAXUSERSRemote ShellRemshrshRshremshYP/NIS service binder/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind/usr/sbin/ypbind/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind主流服務(wù)器UNIX操作系統(tǒng)打印機(jī)、TCP/IP設(shè)置 續(xù)PrintersLinux (

14、Redhat)Solaris(SPARC)Tru64Printer Queues/var/spool/lpd/lp/*/etc/lp/interfaces/*/usr/spool/lpdStop LP/etc/init.d/lpd stop/usr/lib/lp/lpshut/sbin/init.d/lpd stopStart LP/etc/init.d/lpd start/usr/lib/lp/lpsched/sbin/init.d/lpd startSubmit print jobsLprLplprLplprLP statisticsLpqLpstatLpstatRemove print

15、jobsLprmCancellprmcancellprmAdd printer queuePrinttoollpadmin -p pqLprsetupRemove Printer Qlpadmin -x pqLprsetupMake default Prtlpadmin -d pqexport PRINTER=lpTCP/IPLinux( RedHat )Solaris(SPARC)Tru64Network IP configuration/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/etc/hostname.*/etc/inet/*/etc/defaultrouter/etc

16、/rc.configHosts IP addresses/etc/hosts/etc/inet/hosts/etc/hostsName service switch/etc/nsswitch.conf/etc/nsswitch.conf/etc/svc.confNetwork parameterssysctl -a | grep netNdd /dev/tcp|ip ?Routing daemonroutedin.routedroutedNIC Configurationsifconfig -aifconfig aifconfig -aSecondary IP Addrmodprobe ip_

17、aliasifconfig eth0:1 IPifconfig hme0:1 IP upifconfig ln0 aliasLogin prompt/etc/issueBANNER /etc/default/telnetd/etc/issueIncrease the # of pseudo-terminalscd /dev./MAKEDEV -v pty/etc/systemset pt_cnt = # SYSVset npty = # BSD/etc/iu.apptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompathaltboot rcd /dev./MAKEDEV PTY_1Maximum #

18、of ptys256176 BSD3000 SYSV8192Remote ShellrshRshrshYP/NIS service binder/sbin/ypbind/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind/usr/sbin/ypbin主流服務(wù)器UNIX操作系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)文件System FilesAIXFreeBSDHP-UXNFS exported/etc/exports/etc/exports/etc/exportsNFS Client mounted directories/etc/xtab/etc/xtabMax File System128 GB128 GBMax File

19、Size64 GB128 GBMax # File Descriptors64 K60 KSystem FilesLinux (RedHat)SolarisTru64NFS exported/etc/exports/etc/dfs/dfstab/etc/dfs/sharetab/etc/exportsNFS Client mounted directories/var/lib/nfs/xtab/etc/rmtab/var/adm/mountdtabMax File System2 TB1 TB8000 TB vxfs128 GB = 4.016 TB advfsMax File Size2 G

20、B512B block size8192 GB8KB block size1 TB2 GB =2.5.1128 GB = 4.016 TB advfsMax # File Descriptorssysctl fs.file-max64 K64 K主流服務(wù)器UNIX操作系統(tǒng)磁盤與邏輯卷命令DISK/LVM CommandsAIXFreeBSDHP-UXFilesystem table/etc/filesystems/etc/fstab/etc/fstabFree disk blocksdf -kdf -kBdfDevice listinglsdev -C/sbin/ioscanDisk info

21、rmationbootinfo -s hdisk#fdisk -v ad0diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#Disk Labellspv -l hdisk#disklabel ad0pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#LVM ConceptsPartitionsub disklogical extentsVolumeVolumelogical volumePlexVolume groupvolume groupJournal Filesystem typejfsVxfsDefault volume group/dev/rootvg/dev/vg00Displ

22、ay volume grouplsvg -l rootvgvgdisplay -v vg00Modify physical volumechpvPvchangePrepare physical diskmkdev -c disk -l hdisk#pvcreateList physical volumelspvvinum ldpvdisplayRemove disk from volume groupreducevgvgreduceMove logical volumes to another physical volumesmigratepvvinum move -f drive objec

23、tpvmoveCreate volume groupmkvgvgcreateRemove volume groupvgremoveVolume group availabilitychvgvaryonvgvaryoffvgvgchangeRestore volume groupvgcfgrestoreExports volume groupexportvgvgexportImports volume groupimportvgvgimportVolume group listinglsvgvgscanChange logical volume characteristicschlvlvchan

24、geList logical volumelslvvinum lvlvdisplayMake logical volumemklvlvcreateExtend logical volumeextendlvlvextendReduce logical volumeAIX reduce LVlvreduceRemove logical volumermlvvinum rm vollvremovePrepare boot volumesbootlist -m normallvlnbootRemove boot volumeslvrmbootExtend File systemchfs -a size

25、=#/mtextendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8fsadm -F vxfs -b LE*1024/mtReduce/Split mirrorsrmlvcopylvsplitMerge mirrorslvmergeCreate mirrorsmklv -c 2vinum mirror drivelvcreate -m 1Add mirrorsmklvcopy lv 2lvextend -m 1Create striped volumesmklv -u 3 -S 64Kvinum stripe drivelvcreate -i 3 -I 64System recovery tapemks

26、ysb -i /dev/rmt0/opt/ignite/bin/make_recoveryBackupsavevg -i rootvgvinum saveconfigfbackupRestorerestvgfrecover主流服務(wù)器UNIX操作系統(tǒng)磁盤與邏輯卷命令 續(xù)DISK/LVM CommandsLinux (RedHat)Solaris (SPARC)Tru64Filesystem table/etc/fstab/etc/vfstab/etc/fstabFree disk blocksdf -kdf kdf -kDevice listingcat /proc/devicesSysdefD

27、isk informationcat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/modelformat -d c#t#d#formatcurrentformatinquiryfile /dev/rrz0cDisk Labelfdisk -lPrtvtocdisklabel -p rz0LVM Conceptslogical extentssub disksub disklogical volumeVolumeVolumePlexPlexvolume groupdisk groupdisk groupJournal Filesystem typeext2VxfsadvfsDefault volu

28、me group/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/dev/vol/rootdgDisplay volume groupvgdisplay -vvxprint -l -g rootdgvolprint -l -g rootdgModify physical volumepvchangePrepare physical diskpvcreatevxdiskaddvoldiskaddList physical volumepvdisplayvxprint -dlvolprint -dlRemove disk from volume groupvgreducevxdg rmdiskvoldg rm

29、diskMove logical volumes to another physical volumespvmovevxassist movevolassist moveCreate volume groupvgcreatevxdg initvoldg initRemove volume groupvgremoveVolume group availabilityvgchangeRestore volume groupvgcfgrestoreExports volume groupvgexportvxdg deportvoldg deportImports volume groupvgimpo

30、rtvxdg importvoldg importVolume group listingvgscanChange logical volume characteristicslvchangevxedit setvoledit setList logical volumelvdisplayvxprint -vlvolprint -vlMake logical volumelvcreatevxassist makevolassist makeExtend logical volumelvextendvxassist growtovolassist growtoReduce logical vol

31、umelvreducevxassist shrinktovolassist shrinktoRemove logical volumelvremovevxedit rmvoledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1Prepare boot volumeslilovxbootsetupRemove boot volumesExtend File systemresize2fsvxvamkfs -MReduce/Split mirrorslvsplitMerge mirrorslvmergeCreate mirrorsvxassist mirrorvolassist make vol

32、100mb mirror=trueAdd mirrorsCreate striped volumeslvcreate -i 3 -I 64vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripeSystem recovery tape/usr/sys/bin/btcreateBackuptar cvf /dev/rst0 /ufsdumpvdumpRestoretar xvf /dev/rst0ufsrestorevrestore主流服務(wù)器UNIX操作系統(tǒng)安裝與卸載SoftwareAIXFreeBSDH

33、P-UXInstall Softwareinstallp -apkg_addswinstallUninstall softwareinstallp -upkg_deleteswremoveList installed softwarelslpp -L allpkg_info -aswlistVerify installed softwarelppchk -vswlist -l fileset -a stateList all fileslslpp -f filesetpkg_info -L packageswlist -l file filesetList installed patchesi

34、nstfix -iswlist -l patchwhat /stand/vmunixPackage ownerlslpp -w pathswlist -l file | grep pathSW Directory/usr/lpp/var/db/pkg/var/adm/sw/SoftwareLinux (RedHat)Solaris (SPARC)Tru64Install Softwarerpm -i packagepkgaddsetld -lUninstall softwarerpm -e packagepkgrmsetld -dList installed softwarerpm -qapk

35、ginfosetld -iVerify installed softwarerpm -V packagepkginfo -ipkginfo -psetld -vList all filesrpm -ql packagepkgchk -l packagesetld -i packageList installed patchespatchadd -pdupatch -track -type patchPackage ownerrpm -qf filepkgchk -l -p pathSW Directory/var/lib/rpm/var/sadm/var/adm/smlogs主流服務(wù)器UNIX

36、操作系統(tǒng)技術(shù)支持信息LinksAIXHP-UXLinux (RedHat)FAQ HYPERLINK /services/aix-faq/ AIX-FAQ HYPERLINK /hppd/FAQ/ HP-UX FAQ HYPERLINK /FAQ/Linux-FAQ/index.html LINUX FAQOnline Manual HYPERLINK /cgi-bin/ds_form?lang=en_US&viewset=AIX&config=/usr/share/man/info/en_US/a_doc_lib/data/base.cfg AIX 4.3 Books HYPERLINK /

37、dynaweb/hpux11/Generic_CollectionView HP-UX 11.00 Collection HYPERLINK / Linux Documentation ProjectTechnical Support HYPERLINK /support/rs6000/ RS/6000 TechSupport HYPERLINK / IT Resource Center HYPERLINK /apps/support/ Red Hat supportPhone Number1-800-CALL-AIX1-800-633-36001-888-REDHAT1Free Softwa

38、re HYPERLINK /pub/systems/aix/bull/ Bull HYPERLINK http:/eigen.ee.ualberta.ca/ HP-UX Ports HYPERLINK /lsm/ Linux Software MapCertification HYPERLINK /education/certify/certs/axcsasa.phtml HYPERLINK /hpcert-track1.htm HYPERLINK /training/rhce/courses/ RHCELinksFreeBSDSolaris (SPARC)Tru64FAQ HYPERLINK

39、 /FAQ/FAQ.html FreeBSD FAQ HYPERLINK http:/www.wins.uva.nl/pub/solaris/solaris2/ Solaris 2 FAQ HYPERLINK /faq/tru64_faq.php3 Tru64 FAQOnline Manual HYPERLINK /handbook/index.html FreeBSD Hand Book HYPERLINK /ab2/TopicBrowse?topic=Sol7_C; Solaris 7 Documentation HYPERLINK /faqs/publications/pub_page/

40、doc_list.html Tru64 DocumentsTechnical Support HYPERLINK / SunSolve HYPERLINK /alphaserver/support.html Alpha Systems SupportPhone Number1-800-USA-4SUNFree Software HYPERLINK /pub FreeBSD Primary Site HYPERLINK / Sun Freeware HYPERLINK /demos Tru64 Demos, Shareware & FreewareCertification HYPERLINK

41、/USA/certification/solarismain.html HYPERLINK /training/ase-tsas.html ASE Information主流服務(wù)器UNIX操作系統(tǒng)其它命令MISCAIXFreeBSDHP-UXStartup script/etc/rc/etc/rc/sbin/rcKernel/usr/lib/boot/unix_up/kernel/stand/vmunixKernel Parameterslsattr -E -l sys0sysctl -asysdef kmtune kmsystemReconfigure the kernelchdev -l

42、sys0 -acd /sys/i386/confvi KERNELconfig KERNELcd ././compile/KERNELmake dependmakemake installcd /stand/build/usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s systemvi systemmk_kernel -s systemcd /standmv system system.prevmv vmunix vmunix.prevmv dlkm dlkm.prevmv /stand/build/system systemkmupdate /stand/build/vmu

43、nix_testList modulesgenkexkldstatkmadmin sLoad modulekldloadkmadmin LUnload modulekldunloadkmadmin UInitialize systeminstall_assist/stand/sysinstallset_parms initialPhysical RAMbootinfo -rsysctl hw.physmemgrep -i Physical /var/adm/syslog/syslog.logKernel Bitsbootinfo -kgetconf KERNEL_BITSCrash utili

44、tyCrashcrashAdbTrace System CallsSyscallstruss HYPERLINK /dist/networking/misc/tusc.shar tuscMachine modeluname -mbootinfo -muname -mmodeluname -mOS LevelOsleveluname -runame -rRun Levelwho rwho -rCore dump files/var/adm/ras/var/adm/crashBoot single userKey on service mode/F4Boot from CD/TapeSelect

45、MaintenanceLimited function Shellok boot sbootInteract with IPL ? YISLhpux -iSMaintenance modeok boot asbootInteract with IPL ? YISLhpux -lmInterrupt Keycontrol-BReturn to consoleCoTimezone Management/etc/environment/etc/profile/etc/localtime/etc/TIMEZONENTP Daemon/etc/ntp.confstartsrc -s xntpd/etc/

46、rc.conf xntpd enable=YES/etc/work/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons/sbin/init.d/xntpd主流服務(wù)器UNIX操作系統(tǒng)其它命令 續(xù)MISCLinux (RedHat)Solaris (SPARC)Tru64Startup script/etc/rc.d/rc/sbin/init.d/sbin/init.dKernel/boot/vmlinuz/kernel/genunix/vmunixKernel Parameterssysctl -asysdef Isysconfig dxkerneltunerReconfigure the k

47、ernelcd /usr/src/linuxmake mrpropermake menuconfigmake dep;clean;bzImage;installmake modulesmake modules_install cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuzmkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.4.img 2.4vi /etc/lilo.conflilovi /etc/systemrebootdoconfigList moduleslsmodmodinfoLoad moduleinsmodmodloadUnload modulermmod

48、modunloadInitialize systemnetconfsys-unconfignetsetupPhysical RAMfreeprtconfuerf | grep memoryKernel Bitsgetconf WORD_BITisainfo -kv64Crash utility HYPERLINK /projects/lkcd/ lcrashcrashkdbxTrace System Callsstracetruss HYPERLINK /pub/unix/osf1/trace/ traceMachine modeluname -muname -impuname -pOS Leveluname -runame -rsizer -vRun Levelrunlevelwho -rwho -rCore dump files/var/crash/uname