高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專項十特殊句式課件外研版

1、十、特殊句式十、特殊句式考生需要關(guān)注的重要特殊句式有: 倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句等?？忌枰P(guān)注的重要特殊句式有: 倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、一、倒裝句1. 全部倒裝(把全部謂語提到主語之前)倒裝條件倒裝方法以here, there, out, in, up, down, away等副詞開頭, 謂語動詞多為be, come, go等, 主語是名詞副詞+謂語+主語以then, now, thus, such開頭, 謂語動詞多為come, follow, begin, end, be, 主語是名詞副詞+謂語+主語一、倒裝句倒裝條件倒裝方法以here, there, out倒

2、裝條件倒裝方法表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首, 且謂語動詞為不及物動詞, 主語是名詞介詞短語+謂語+主語表語置于句首, 為了保持句子平衡, 為表示強(qiáng)調(diào), 或利于上下文銜接倒裝條件倒裝方法表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首, 且謂語動詞為不及*Out rushed a cat from under the table. *Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. *In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor. *Seated in the first line ar

3、e some advanced workers. *Out rushed a cat from under t2. 部分倒裝(助動詞/系動詞be/情態(tài)動詞提到主語前)倒裝條件倒裝方法only修飾副詞、介詞短語或從句位于句首作狀語Only+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語其他部分2. 部分倒裝(助動詞/系動詞be/情態(tài)動詞提到主語前)倒裝倒裝條件倒裝方法含有否定意義的副詞或介詞短語(not, never, seldom, little, hardly, by no means, not until, on no condition, in no case, under no circumst

4、ances)位于句首時否定副詞或介詞短語+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語其他部分倒裝條件倒裝方法含有否定意義的副詞或介詞短語(not, ne倒裝條件倒裝方法hardly. . . when, no sooner. . . than, not only. . . but(also)等連接兩個分句時, 如果hardly, no sooner, not only位于句首, 前一個分句用部分倒裝, 后一個分句不變Hardly/No sooner/ Not only+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語其他部分+when/than/ but also+分句倒裝條件倒裝方法hardly. . . w

5、hen, no s倒裝條件倒裝方法so(such). . . that中的so(such)位于句首時So+adj. /adv. +系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語其他部分+that從句so/neither/nor置于句首, 意為“也”或“也不”表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或事物時so/neither/nor+系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語倒裝條件倒裝方法so(such). . . that中的so倒裝條件倒裝方法as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時, 意為“盡管”, 把句中狀語、表語或動詞提前; 若表語是名詞, 其前不用冠詞當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有助動詞had, were或should等時,

6、 如將if省略, 則要將had, were或should等移到主語之前Had/Were/Should+主語+謂語其他部分+主句倒裝條件倒裝方法as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時, 意為“盡管”, 把*Only in this way can you solve this problem. *Never before have I seen such a moving film. *Not only was he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework. *So clearly does he speak English that he

7、 can always make himself understood. *Tom doesnt like bananas, neither/nor do I. *Only in this way can you solv【點(diǎn)津】(1)there, here, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out等副詞置于句首, 但主語為人稱代詞時, 不用倒裝。(2)only修飾主語置于句首時, 不能倒裝。(3)若兩個主語一致時, 則表示同意以上觀點(diǎn), 不能倒裝, 此時so表示“的確如此”, 即用so+主語+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞。【點(diǎn)津】(4)當(dāng)前面兩件或兩件以上

8、的事也適合于另一人或物時, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”。(5)Neither. . . , nor. . . “不, 也不”, 連接兩個并列分句時, 這兩個并列分句都用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。(6)though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時, 可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時不能倒裝。(4)當(dāng)前面兩件或兩件以上的事也適合于另一人或物時, 通常用二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句(1)It is/was. . . that/who可以對除謂語以外的成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“人”時, 可用that或who, 其他情況下用that。*

9、It was Belorussian writer Svetlana Alexievich who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for Literature. 二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句(2)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中, 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時, 其后的謂語動詞應(yīng)和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。*It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. (3)如果原句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r, 強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)須用: It is. . . that/who. . . ; 如原句的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài), 則強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)須用It was. . . that/w

10、ho. . . 。(2)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中, 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時, 其后的謂語動詞應(yīng)和主語在(4)“not. . . until. . . ”句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。*It was not until 11 oclock last night that he went to bed. (5)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句形式: Is/Was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分。*Was it in 1939 that World War broke out? (4)“not. . . until. . . ”句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)(6)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問

11、句句型為: 疑問詞+is/was+it +that/who. . . ? *Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? (6)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句句型為: 疑問詞+is/was+it2. 謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)(1)do/does/did+動詞原形。*Do come here this evening. (2)“never+助動詞do”也常用來表示強(qiáng)調(diào), 一般意為“從來沒有, 絕不”。2. 謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)【點(diǎn)津】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與3大從句的辨析類型區(qū)別與主語從句的區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句型去掉It is/was和that之后, 句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整, 而主語從句卻不能It is there

12、 that accidents often happen. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句)It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主語從句)【點(diǎn)津】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與3大從句的辨析類型區(qū)別與主語從句的區(qū)別類型區(qū)別與定語從句的區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句中that沒有意義, 且不作任何成分, 而定語從句中that為關(guān)系代詞, 在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句)It is a question that needs careful con

13、sideration. (定語從句)類型區(qū)別與定語從句的區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句中that沒有意義, 且不類型區(qū)別與時間狀語從句的區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句型去掉It is/was和that后, 結(jié)構(gòu)完整, 而It is. . . when. . . 中, it指代時間It was at six oclock that I got up today. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句)It was six oclock when I got up today. (狀語從句)類型區(qū)別與時間狀語從句的區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句型去掉It is/wa三、省略句的5種類型1. 賓語從句: 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的從屬連詞that可省略。但及物動詞后跟兩個或兩個以上that引導(dǎo)的賓

14、語從句時, 只有第一個連詞that可省略。*He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever. 三、省略句的5種類型Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答語, 后面so與not分別等于肯定和否定, 賓語從句可省略。*Do you think it will rain? I hope not (that it will not rain). Im afraid, I think, I believ2. 定語從句: 在限制性定語從句中, 關(guān)系代詞that,

15、 which, whom充當(dāng)賓語, 而且前面無介詞時可省略。*He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday. the way后的定語從句常省略關(guān)系詞that或in which, the time后的定語從句常省略關(guān)系詞that或when。*I dont like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others. 2. 定語從句: 在限制性定語從句中, 關(guān)系代詞that,3. 狀語從句: 當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it, 且從句謂語中有be動詞時, 可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動

16、詞。*(2014全國卷)When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. 3. 狀語從句: 當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主4. 虛擬語氣: 在虛擬條件句中, 如含有had, were, should, if可省略, 句子要用倒裝。*Were I (=If I were) twenty now, I would join the army. 4. 虛擬語氣: 在虛擬條件句中, 如含有had, were5

17、. 動詞不定式: 不定式符號to的省略: a. 感官動詞或使役動詞(如feel, see, hear, notice, let, make, have等)后接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時省略to。*I heard someone sing in the next room. 5. 動詞不定式: b. 在do nothing but, cant help but, why not, would rather. . . than. . . ; prefer to do. . . rather than. . . 等句型中省略to。*He did nothing but wait all the time.

18、 b. 在do nothing but, cant help不定式省略: a. 使用不定式符號to來代替整個不定式, 常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。*I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to. 不定式省略: b. 在某些形容詞glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后面使用不定式符號to來代替整個不定式。*Will you join in t

19、he game? Id be glad to. c. 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。*Are you a sailor? No, but I used to be. b. 在某些形容詞glad, happy, pleased,四、祈使句1. 否定式: 在動詞前面加dont。2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)式: 肯定句在其前加do, 否定句在其前加never。3. 帶有主語的祈使句: 為了加強(qiáng)語氣或特別指明向誰提出命令或要求、吩咐幾個人分頭做幾件事時須加主語“you”, 有時還可同時加稱呼語。四、祈使句五、反意疑問句1. 陳述部分含有must:

20、 (1)當(dāng)must作“必須”講時, 其反意疑問詞用neednt; 當(dāng)含有mustnt(不允許、禁止)時, 其反意疑問詞用must/may。(2)當(dāng)must表示推測時, 其反意疑問詞同去掉must還原之后的句子所使用的反意疑問詞。五、反意疑問句2. 陳述部分含有used to: 其反意疑問詞用usednt或didnt。3. 陳述部分含有ought to: 其反意疑問詞用oughtnt或shouldnt。4. 陳述部分含有否定詞或半否定詞: 反意疑問部分的動詞用肯定形式。5. 陳述部分含有由表示否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞: 其反意疑問部分的動詞一般用否定形式。2. 陳述部分含有used to: 其反意

21、疑問詞用usedn6. 當(dāng)陳述部分帶有賓語從句時: 疑問部分的主語與助動詞常和主句保持一致, 但如果主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine等, 且主語為第一人稱時, 疑問部分的主語和時態(tài)與賓語從句的主語和時態(tài)保持一致。6. 當(dāng)陳述部分帶有賓語從句時: 疑問部分的主語與助動詞常和六、感嘆句1. How +形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語! 2. How+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語! 3. How+主語+謂語! 4. What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語! 5. What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語

22、! 6. What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語! 7. What+名詞+主語+謂語! 六、感嘆句【典例剖析】單句填空(2016全國卷)It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, _ (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 解題關(guān)鍵: 此處make sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thi

23、ng to worry about是祈使句。答案判定: make【典例剖析】單句填空【高考題組】單句語法填空/單句改錯1. (2016江蘇高考)Not until recently _ they encourage the development of tourist-related activitiesin the rural areas. 2. (2016天津高考)You are waiting at a wrong place. Itis at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists. 3. (2015全國卷)Open the curtains a

24、nd _ (turn)up the lights. didthatturn【高考題組】單句語法填空/單句改錯didthatturn4. (2015全國卷)We eat about 22 percent more when _ (use) a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. 5. (2015天津高考)Its the journey, not the arrival, _ counts. 6. (2014全國卷)In reality, its the chair _ does the important work. usingthatthat4. (2015全國卷)We eat about 22 7. (2015全國卷)Look at everything you still have and are thankfu